Peacock fish is actually very easy to raise, but you don't know the method. It doesn't matter.

■ Personal experience:

There is no problem doing the following:

1. Change the water once a week. Don't change the water too often.

It is suggested to keep some aquatic plants in the fish tank.

3. Adjust the water temperature to 24~28 degrees.

4. Sprinkling some salt every time you change water can prevent diseases.

5. Keep the fish semi-hungry, so the fish will be more active.

6. If you use tap water when changing water, you should expose the water for three days.

7. Get proper sun exposure.

8. The water temperature should be constant.

1, the water temperature changes dramatically-the best temperature for tropical fish to survive is 25℃, but different species still have different requirements for temperature, some as high as 30℃, and some like 20℃. So on average, 25℃ is a generally acceptable temperature.

2, the stocking density is too high-many people see that the aquarium can put a lot of lovely fish in a fish tank, so they also raise a lot of fish in the fish tank at home. No matter what kind of fish you raise, you will die. If we raise many different kinds of fish, we must consider the suitable space for each kind of fish to reduce the number of fish. Either way, it is not a good thing to have many small fish in a jar.

3. Types of feed-The feeding habits of tropical fish vary from species to species, which can be roughly divided into three categories: animal, plant and omnivorous. So be sure to know what fish are in the tank, what food you like to eat, and how to raise them by classification.

4. Diseases-There are many reasons for tropical fish to get sick, including the infection of sick fish bought, white spots caused by low temperature, food residue or fish manure decomposition, which leads to the deterioration of water quality.

I. Differences between "brand-new" and "old" aquariums

The main difference between the two is that there are no minerals and other nutrients in the "brand-new" aquarium for plants to absorb; However, the bottom and side walls of the "old" aquarium are rich in nutrients, such as nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. Therefore, in the "old" aquarium, aquatic plants will grow rapidly at first, and after a few weeks, these nutrients will become fragments and settle down. In the "brand-new" aquarium, the number of bacteria is very small; On the contrary, the bacteria content in the "old" aquarium is quite high, which contains organic matter, residual bait, excrement and many non-nutritive salts, and bacteria can decompose these wastes and dead plants into harmless substances, which is lacking in the "new" aquarium.

Two. Substances that cause biological death in "brand-new" aquarium

When we built a brand-new aquarium, we waited 1-3 weeks before putting the fish in. Originally, I was full of joy, but I found that a small part or even all of these fish died. I carefully studied the factors of their death: most of them died of suffocation or gill swelling, even if high-performance ventilation equipment was installed. At this time, the most effective and only way is to change the water frequently, or immediately change the surviving fish to another "old" fish tank. This often happens in aquariums with new filters. What's the matter? It turns out that the fish in the fish tank died not because of insufficient dissolved oxygen, but because of nitrogen compound poisoning! Because there are not enough bacteria in the brand-new aquarium to convert toxic nitrogen compounds in water into non-toxic nitrates.

Three. Nitrification:

There are millions of bacteria living in "ancient" aquariums. Different bacteria have different jobs and tasks. They will decompose or convert organic nutrients into water, carbon dioxide and various inorganic salts through many oxidation processes. Protein will be decomposed into amino acids and converted into inorganic ammonia. Fish excrete ammonia and urine, and enzymes in the water will break them down into ammonium salts and carbon dioxide. Some nitrifying bacteria can convert ammonia into nitrite by oxygen dissolved in water, and these nitrites are decomposed into nontoxic nitrates. This whole process-ammonia → nitrite → nitrate → is called "nitrification".

Three, three. Characteristics of nitrifying bacteria:

Most bacteria need about 20 minutes to divide and reproduce, while nitrifying bacteria with ammonia oxides need 2-3 hours to divide, and some even need 20-30 hours. Therefore, when other kinds of bacteria multiply. The reproduction speed of nitrifying bacteria will obviously lag behind, resulting in the rapid decomposition of non-nitrogen organic matter in water quality, while the decomposition of nitrogen compounds and ammonia is slow. This is also the reason why ordinary aquarium lovers think that nitrogen compounds in water are the most difficult substances to decompose.

As shown in the figure, the reproduction speed and the required time of nitrifying bacteria are clearly marked: at the beginning, the number of nitrifying bacteria was 1 1,000, and in the end, the number of nitrifying bacteria has increased by 1 1,000,000 times, reaching one billion, and its reproduction speed is doubling every day. Some fans may think it's not objective, but that's the truth, but there must be a premise that there must be enough nutrients in the water for bacteria to apply.

Be patient 1-3 weeks. When all newly established aquariums are established, ordinary aquarium lovers rarely have the patience to wait 1-3 weeks, because everything in the aquarium looks normal: the water plants are lush, the water quality is clear and transparent, and it looks like those established "old" aquariums. Just put the fish in and feed them regularly. But after a long time of hard work, fish will still get sick, get infected and die more or less ... strange! Why is this happening? We can know that there are no nitrifying bacteria decomposing toxins in this new aquarium environment. The energy of bacterial reproduction comes from other organisms, especially the excreta or corpses of plants. Therefore, if there are no densely planted aquatic plants in the water, those bacteria, especially nitrifying bacteria, can't breed at the bottom of the empty aquarium at all, so it can be said that raising fish in this environment is "indirect murder"!

A. water quality:

People living in cities use tap water to raise tropical fish, which is basically neutral water (Beijing area). The hardness and pH meet the requirements of raising tropical fish, so don't worry. However, when using tap water to raise tropical fish, chlorine gas must be removed. The main methods are drying method and chemical method. The selenium drying method can only be used for two days in the hot sun, or for four to six days in a place with insufficient light. Chemically, sodium thiosulfate is used to remove chlorine, and the ratio is 10kg water 1g sodium thiosulfate, which can be used after stirring and dissolving. In addition, there is a kind of water stabilizer which is also the best choice, but it is more expensive.

B. water temperature:

Temperature is the most important condition for tropical fish to survive. Tropical fish are narrow-temperature animals and are extremely sensitive to temperature. If the temperature is not right, they will die quickly. The water temperature of tropical fish should be 20-30℃. However, different kinds of tropical fish have different requirements for water temperature. For example, guppies and swordfish can tolerate the low temperature of about 18℃, while colorful angelfish and tiger skin fish will die when it is lower than 18℃. Therefore, in order to cultivate enthusiastic fish, it is necessary to control the water temperature to make it suitable for the growth of tropical fish. Most tropical fish grow at 20-24℃. The appropriate water temperature for aquaculture is 25-28℃, and it should not exceed 4℃ day and night, otherwise it will affect the growth of tropical fish. The water temperature should be kept constant during breeding, which will be more conducive to the production of parent fish, the hatching of fish eggs and the growth of young fish.

C. light

Light is also very important for tropical fish, which has three main functions for the breeding of tropical fish. Light is the most important factor in photosynthesis of all plants. Without light, aquatic plants can't carry out photosynthesis, but there are certain limits. If the light is too strong, the branches and leaves of aquatic plants will grow green moss, which will affect the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. However, if the light is too weak or the light time is too short, the branches and leaves of aquatic plants will turn yellow or even die because of too little photosynthesis. If the fish tank is arranged in a sunny room, it is best to receive about an hour of sunshine in the morning and evening when the sun is not enough. If you arrange the fish tank in a room without sunshine, you should illuminate the aquatic plants with lights. The growth and reproduction of tropical fish also need light, which can make tropical fish grow faster, make fish more colorful and shorten the breeding cycle. The illumination time and intensity required by tropical fish can be the same as that of aquatic plants. The second function of light is to facilitate our viewing. If there is no light or the light is too weak, we can't see the scenery in the fish tank clearly, so we can't see through it.

D. changing water

Tropical fish constantly excrete feces, and the Er substance remaining in the water is constantly oxidized and rotted, which will produce harmful substances, change the water quality, affect the normal breathing of tropical fish, and make the fish sick or even die. Therefore, tropical fish should always change water in time to keep the water fresh and let the fish grow normally. Change water, partially change water, completely change water. Partial water change is also called "water change", that is, siphon is used to suck out fish droppings, residual bait and other dirt at the bottom of the fish tank. The water absorption should be about a quarter of the water in the tank, and a large fish tank can absorb a certain proportion less. In short, it depends on the specific situation. After the dirty water is sucked out, fresh water with the same amount and temperature should be added and dried or chemically dechlorinated. If the water temperature is low, you can add boiling water or heat the water to the water temperature in the cylinder with a heater, and then pour new water into the cylinder. Twice a week in autumn and winter is the best time to replenish water; Three times a week in spring and summer is appropriate. All water changes should be carried out under the condition that there is a lot of dirt in the tank, and the grass and bottom sand need to be cleaned again. Take out all the equipment in the fish tank, take out the aquatic plants, take out all the fish, temporarily put them in other containers with the same temperature as the raw water, scrub the tank wall and bottom with sponge or emery cloth, and then suck out all the water. If necessary, rinse again with a small amount of concentrated brine, and then rinse with clear water. The bottom sand and aquatic plants should be washed once. It is best to wash the bottom sand with strong salt water, and then rinse it before loading it. After adding fresh water, you should wait two or three days before putting the fish back in the aquarium. Even if it is chemically treated water, it is best not to put fish in it immediately to avoid accidents in new water. It is advisable to change water every three to four months, but if the water quality changes, it should be changed at any time.

E. oxygen:

The oxygen needed for the growth of tropical fish is absorbed by the capillaries in its gills and then brought to all parts of the fish through blood circulation. The carbon dioxide they emit is also carried out through the capillaries in the gills. The content of dissolved oxygen in water is an important sign of good growth of tropical fish. If there is much dissolved oxygen in the water, tropical fish will float to the surface, and there will be a phenomenon of "floating head"; If the dissolved oxygen in the water is seriously insufficient, tropical fish will die because of room rest. Dissolved oxygen in water comes from oxygen in the air. The greater the contact surface between air and water surface, the more dissolved oxygen will be. Therefore, the water film on the water surface should be removed frequently to increase the contact between water and air, and the oxygen produced by photosynthesis of aquatic plants. Therefore, in order to increase the oxygen content in water, a certain number of aquatic plants should be planted in fish tanks. It is also an important way to increase dissolved oxygen in water by removing fish manure and residual feeding debris in time and changing water frequently. Dissolved oxygen content is inversely proportional to water temperature. If the water temperature is high, the dissolved oxygen content will be less, and if the water temperature is low, the dissolved oxygen content will be more, while tropical fish have higher requirements for water temperature. Therefore, it is a good way to alleviate this contradiction by inflating water with air pump. The stocking density of fish is the key to the adequacy of dissolved oxygen. More water and less fish, dissolved oxygen is enough, otherwise there will be lack of oxygen. This is not absolute, but also depends on other factors. The stocking density of tropical fish depends on the specific situation of each fish tank.

I wish you success in breeding! o(∩_∩)o