Sun Simiao made a comprehensive summary of health preservation, developed the materialistic theory of health preservation and longevity, and formed a comprehensive and practical scientific health preservation system. His theory and method of health preservation and longevity are suitable for people's needs and easy to accept and implement. Sun Simiao opposes the fantasy of "immortality" by taking "elixir"; It is argued that health and longevity can be achieved by improving mental quality, standardizing life rules, improving living environment, paying attention to dietary taboos, cooperating with various exercises and taking necessary drugs. His methods of regulating qi and massage have a great influence on Qigong, Baduanjin and the six-character formula of prolonging life in later generations.