Sun Tzu said: Where the army has enemies, the mountain depends on the valley, and the life is high, and there is no victory in the war, so is the army in the mountain. No water is far away; Guests come from the water, don't welcome them in the water, let them hit them half-heartedly. Those who want to fight, welcome guests without water; Depending on the height of life, there is no water, and the army on the water is also here. Never refuse ze, but go without staying; Cross the army to repel Ze, and back the tree to grass. Here, it is also necessary to repel the Zejun. Pinglu is easy, but the right guard is high. After his death, Pinglu's army was here. What are the advantages of these four armies? The Yellow Emperor is better than the Four Emperors.

Where the army is high in evil, Guiyang is low in yin, health is practical, and the army is disease-free, it is said that it will win. Hilly dikes must be in the sun, but right back. The advantage of this soldier is also the help of the land.

When it rains, water comes, and those who want to get involved wait.

Wherever there are ravines, yards, dungeons, tight encirclement, sinkholes and gutters, you should go and stay away. I am far away and the enemy is close; I welcome it and the enemy supports it.

People with military obstacles, such as Huang Jing, reeds and mountains and rivers, will certainly answer, and this is where the treachery lies.

Those who are near and quiet depend on their risks; Away from the challenger, he wants people to enter; Those who live in comfortable places are also beneficial.

All the trees are moving, come on; Those who have many obstacles in the grass are suspicious; Birds rise and fall; The beast is scary, cover it; Dust is high and sharp, and the car comes; Humble and broad, only come; Those who come scattered, firewood mining also; Those who travel less will camp in the army.

Humble and benefit from the preparer, enter also; Those who argue irrationally advance will retreat; Kerwin Chen who went out first without finding a good job; Those who seek peace without agreement will also seek peace; It is also expected to run the old ice car; Those who half advance and half retreat are lured.

People standing with sticks are hungry; People who drink water first are thirsty; Those who fail to see the benefits will work hard; Bird gatherers are empty; People who call at night are afraid; Those who disturb the army are not heavy; Those who move the standard are chaotic; Angry people are tired; Millet and horse meat, there is no hanging in the army, and those who do not return are also poor; Earnestly, Xu talked with people and lost his job; Counting rewards is embarrassing; People who are punished several times are sleepy; Those who are first violent and then afraid are not refined; Those who come to thank you want to have a rest. The soldiers greeted each other with anger, and for a long time, they did not leave each other. We must observe them carefully.

There are not many soldiers, but there is no Wujin, which is enough to meet the enemy and take people. A husband who is careless and easy to make enemies will be captured by others.

If there is no personal attachment to the death penalty, it will not be accepted, and it will be difficult to use if it is not accepted. If the chess piece has been seized and punished, it is not available. Therefore, it is necessary to use both words and efforts together. If you teach your people, the people will obey you; If you don't do what you want to teach your people, the people won't accept it. Let vegetarians live in harmony with others.

Translation and annotation translation

Sun Tzu said: when marching and observing and judging the enemy's situation, the army should pay attention to: when passing through the mountainous area, it should be close to the valley with aquatic plants; When you stop, you should choose "raw land" and bask in the sun high; If the enemy occupies high ground, don't attack from behind. The above are the disposal principles of marching in mountainous areas. When crossing the river, stand a little far from the river; If the enemy attacks when crossing the river, it is more advantageous not to meet him in the river, but to attack when the enemy has partially crossed the river and partially failed to do so. To engage the enemy, don't go to the river to meet; When camping in rivers, you should also stay high in the sun, and you must never station or deploy downstream of the enemy. The above are the disposal principles of river marching. After passing through the saline-alkali swamp area, leave quickly and don't stay; If you meet the enemy in the saline-alkali swamp, you must occupy the place with aquatic plants and close to the Woods. The above is the disposal principle of marching in saline-alkali swamp. To station troops in the plain, you should choose a flat place, and it is best to keep your back to a high place, with the front low and the back high. The above are the disposal principles of marching operations in plain areas. The advantages of the above four principles are the important reasons why the Yellow Emperor can defeat the "Four Emperors".

Generally, defenders always prefer dry highlands to wet and low-lying places, and ask the sun to stay away from the humidity, so that soldiers will not suffer from various diseases, which is an important condition for the army to win. Garrison troops on hills and dikes must be stationed on the sunny side and backed by it. These favorable treatments for the use of troops are assisted by the terrain.

When it rains heavily in the upper reaches of the river, wait until the water level is stable to prevent flash floods.

If you encounter any terrain such as "Juejian", "Patio", "Tianlong", "Luo Tian", "Tianjing" and "Tiankai", you must avoid it quickly instead of approaching it. I stay away from it and let the enemy get close to it; I face it and turn my enemy's back on it.

When the army is active in low-lying areas with dangerous mountains and rivers and forest areas with lush reeds, it must search carefully and repeatedly, because these are places where it is easy to hide ambushes and spies.

The enemy remained calm when he was close to me, relying on its dangerous terrain; The enemy is far away from me to challenge me and try to lure me forward; Let the enemy live on the ground instead of in danger, there must be advantages and intentions.

Many trees in the Woods are shaking and the enemy is attacking me; There are many hidden places in the grass, and the enemy is trying to confuse me; The bird suddenly flew, but there was an ambush below; The beasts were frightened and fled, and the enemy attacked on a large scale. The flying dust is high and sharp, and it is the enemy's chariot coming to me; The flying dust is low and wide, and the enemy is coming to me; Scattered slender flying dust is the enemy's firewood; It is the enemy who inspects the terrain and prepares to camp when there is little flying dust.

The enemy emissary, with humble words, is actually stepping up preparations in an attempt to attack me; The enemy messenger is tough, and the army is advancing on me, ready to retreat; The enemy chariots come out first, occupy the flank, and are in mine formation, ready to fight; If the enemy suddenly makes peace without prior agreement, there must be a conspiracy; The enemy who rushed to deploy the chariot was eager to engage us; The enemy advanced half and retreated half. Probably pretending to be chaotic to seduce me.

The enemy soldiers standing on their weapons are hungry and lack of food; The enemy soldiers who draw water from the well and are eager to drink first are thirsty for water; The enemy's reluctance to advance for profit is due to fatigue. If there are birds in the enemy camp, it means that the camp is empty; Someone in the enemy camp exclaimed at night, indicating that the enemy was afraid; What makes the enemy camp chaotic is that its generals have no dignity; What makes the flag of the enemy camp move is its chaotic formation; The enemy officer's impatience and irritability is the enemy's excessive sleepiness. The enemy who feeds horses with food, kills animals to eat, cleans up cooking utensils and does not return to camp is a "poor robber"; Enemy soldiers get together and whisper in private, which is why their generals can't unite; Reward foot soldiers repeatedly. Explain that the enemy has no other way; The trouble is to punish the enemies of his subordinates repeatedly; A general is cruel to foot soldiers first, and then he is afraid of foot soldiers, which shows that he is too unwise; The enemy sent envoys to negotiate on the pretext of a truce. The enemy came down in a rage, but for a long time, he didn't join the fight or leave. We must observe their intentions carefully.

Fighting is not an army, the more the better. As long as we don't underestimate the imprudence of the enemy, we can concentrate our forces and find out the enemy's situation, which is enough to defeat the enemy. Those who have no foresight and underestimate the enemy are bound to be captured by the enemy.

The general does not approach the soldiers, rashly uses punishment, and the soldiers do not accept it, so it is difficult to use it to fight; If soldiers approach the general and still don't enforce military discipline and state laws, such an army can't fight. Therefore, it is necessary to use the means of "culture", that is, to educate soldiers with political morality, and to use the method of "force", that is, to unify the pace with military discipline and military law. Such an army will certainly win the battle. Usually, if you can seriously carry out orders and educate foot soldiers, foot soldiers can form the habit of obedience; Usually, if you don't seriously carry out orders and educate the foot soldiers, the foot soldiers will form the habit of disobedience. Usually, he can seriously carry out orders because the generals and soldiers have gained mutual trust.

To annotate ...

Arranging for the enemy: Arranging means leading the army to March, camp and fight. Set up troops against the enemy, lead troops to March, camp and fight, and observe and judge the enemy's situation.

Shanyi Valley: The army must March along the valley when crossing the mountain.

Depending on the height of life: life, vividness and vitality, here it is extended to openness. According to the height of the students, the troops should be camped in places with high terrain and broad vision.

No landing in the battle: dragon, here refers to the highland. Don't attack enemy troops occupying high and low positions.

Water is far away from water: water, generally referring to river areas. As soon as the water comes out, it will be far away. When the army crosses the river, it should stay away from the river to avoid death in the last battle.

There is no oncoming current: don't station in the lower reaches of the river, lest the enemy fail by cutting off water or poisoning in the upper reaches.

Want to go without staying: haste makes waste. Go without staying, go quickly without staying.

Carry trees by the water grass: camp by the water grass and back to the Woods.

Advantages of the Fourth Army: The Fourth Army refers to the principle of marching and fighting in mountainous areas, rivers, saline-alkali marshes and plains to win.

The reason why the Yellow Emperor is superior to the Four Emperors is that the Four Emperors are tribal leaders around the time of the Yellow Emperor. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di, Chiyou and other tribes and unified the Yellow River basin. The reason why the Yellow Emperor gave birth to four emperors is that the Yellow Emperor can defeat the four emperors.

Where the army is high and evil: the army refers to the garrison. Where the army is high and evil, the army always prefers to choose dry places with high terrain and hates wet places with low terrain.

Health-preserving practice: health-preserving, here refers to abundant water plants and food, which is convenient for the army to cultivate self-cultivation and improve interest. Real estate refers to a place where military supplies are convenient. Practical health care means that troops should choose places with abundant water plants, adequate food and convenient military supplies when camping.

Rain: Up, refers to the upper reaches of the river. It's raining, and it's raining in the upper reaches of the river.

Water foam: the foam of the river is the expression of the arrival of the flood.

Juejian: the dangerous terrain between the steep mountains on both sides of the river and the current.

Courtyard: Surrounded by Jun Gao, the middle is low-lying. Heavenly prison: refers to a terrain with sinister surrounding terrain, which is easy to enter and difficult to get out.

Heavenly subsidence: Low-lying, muddy and easily subsidence terrain.

Natural barrier: the terrain with high mountains on both sides, narrow middle road and difficult marching.

Vitex negundo: Vitex negundo, ponding pool. Vitex negundo is a place with low terrain and plenty of water.

Reed: reed, generally referring to aquatic plants. This refers to the place where there are many weeds.

Hui Hui: Lush vegetation, which means dense vegetation and many obstacles.

The enemy who is close to our army can keep quiet.

Live in an easy place: easy, here refers to a flat area. The enemy troops were stationed in a flat area.

Scattered: the flying dust is scattered and slender. Chopping: refers to the enemy cutting wood and logging.

Push forward with strong words: use deceptive words as a cover to force the army forward.

Kerwin Chen: The "array" here in Chen Tong refers to disposal.

Uninvited invitation: the enemy takes the initiative to ask for peace without causing trouble.

Running and Chariots: The enemy runs quickly and fights with chariots.

Standing with a stick: a stick, a weapon. The enemy is armed with sticks and weapons.

Draw water first, drink water first: the enemies who draw water compete to drink water first.

No hanging in the army: hanging, generally referring to drinking utensils. There is no hanging in the army, and the army has packed drinking utensils.

Sincerity: This refers to the sincerity of the enemy commander when he speaks to his soldiers.

Enough to anticipate the enemy: as long as we can fully judge the enemy's situation and concentrate on using troops.

Only those who change their enemies carelessly: only those who lightly underestimate their enemies.

Punish soldiers for getting close to them: If punishment is imposed before soldiers get close to them, soldiers will resent it.

Su Xing was ordered to teach his people: We should educate our soldiers with what military orders issued by Su Xing must be resolutely carried out.

Get from others: gain, affinity. Get along with people, here refers to the harmonious relationship with subordinates.