Data map: The elderly exercise in the community.
The "silver wave" strikes
China's old-age care focuses on family and community.
According to the data of the seventh national census, the population aged 60 and over in China has reached 264 million. It is predicted that the elderly population in China will exceed 300 million during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
For a long time, China's old-age care has formed a "9073" pattern, that is, about 90% of the elderly care at home, about 7% rely on community care, and about 3% live in institutions. In recent years, with the elderly groups such as "living alone", "empty nest" and "disability" being focused by public opinion, it is more urgent to improve community and family pension services.
On June 5438+ 10 this year, Wang Haidong, director of the Department of Aging Health of the National Health and Wellness Committee, told the media that in the future, the focus of aged care services should be on home and community, and the supply of aged care services at home and community should be strengthened, and a 15-minute aged care service circle should be built to improve the accessibility and quality of aged care services at home.
A few days ago, the Opinions on Strengthening Aging Work in the New Era issued by the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Province also proposed to "build an old-age service system and a health support system that coordinate home community institutions and combine medical care with nursing care" and "improve the ability of community old-age service through new construction, renovation and leasing based on home-based care." In addition, the document also proposes to "encourage adult children to live near their elderly parents or * * *.
Data map. Photo by Beebee Cheng
How to "move" the nursing home into the home?
Explore the construction of new old-age community in many places
In recent years, in view of the supply of home community pension services, many places have innovated ideas and services, and actively explored community pension models that meet local needs.
For example, in Guangzhou, Guangdong, a nursing station focusing on door-to-door nursing services is built in the community to undertake medical care services for the aged care institutions, community-based nursing institutions and elderly people at home. Carry out home-based aged care services, promote the construction of family beds for the elderly, and provide home-based services by aged care service institutions, so as to realize "three households" with aging adaptation, intelligent equipment and professional services.
In Qingdao, Shandong Province, the Bai Yang Oasis Home, which is being built in the city's international big health industrial cluster, aims at a sanatorium-level health community, and creates a new community combining medical care with health care that "every family has a doctor who can take care of them at any time, often does physical therapy, and everyone knows how to keep in good health".
The community takes family doctors as the core, collects health data in real time through smart wearable devices and feeds back abnormal situations in time, providing residents, especially the elderly, with five levels of health services: safety first aid, diagnosis and treatment referral, prevention and early warning, management improvement and group ecology, and establishing a professional and personalized life-cycle health management service system.
In Sichuan, since last year, Sichuan has fully implemented the project of improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of home community care services, piloted the construction of smart care communities, created a "15-minute care service circle" for home communities, and established an information platform for the elderly, which can collect and analyze the information data of the elderly in its jurisdiction; Through the platform and the Internet of Things and other technical equipment, we will provide first aid, safety protection, remote care and other pension services for the elderly.
Data map.
The key that cannot be ignored
The elderly community should not emphasize development and ignore services.
The "silver hair wave" has brought new challenges to economic and social development, and also spawned huge new consumption potential, providing a broad space for the development of aging industries. Recently, enterprise survey data show that there are more than 280,000 pension-related enterprises in China, and the number of registered enterprises will exceed 5 1 10,000 in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 22%. This year 1- 1 1 * * more than 49,000 affiliated enterprises were added, up 19% year-on-year.
The market space is vast, and there are many exploration cases in various places, but the problems existing in the construction of old-age community combining medical care with nursing care in China can not be ignored.
China Community Development Report (2019 ~ 2020) published by Social Science Literature Publishing House and other institutions in June last year, 5438+01mentioned that China's "combination of medical care and nursing" old-age service model started late, and most community health service institutions were not strong in service awareness, medical service ability and residents' sense of identity, so they could not really provide convenient services for community residents.
In addition, the contents of community residents' health records are incomplete, inaccurate, inconvenient to consult and low in actual utilization. Lack of unified planning and design with relevant medical institutions outside the jurisdiction, unable to achieve interoperability and information sharing, resulting in data separation between systems, forming an "island phenomenon" of vertical information systems, unable to provide effective information for disease prevention.
Yang Ge, an associate researcher at the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, recently wrote that community-based care and home-based care are effective supplements to the traditional family-based care model, which can reduce the pressure of home-based care and provide services such as life care, domestic service, rehabilitation care, medical first aid, cultural entertainment and spiritual comfort for the elderly at home. However, at present, there are still some problems such as insufficient coverage, limited service capacity, lack of professionals, low degree of diversification and marketization.
Song Qing, director of the World Chinese Medical Association and member of the General Practitioner Branch, analyzed the shortcomings of the current pension community, saying that most of the current pension communities focus on development, ignoring supporting facilities, emphasizing real estate sales and neglecting supporting services. "Some pension communities will implant some supporting facilities and wearable devices, and even some developers will buy a hospital near the community to support the elderly, but they still lack professional supporting services and health services. Hardware devices may bring more anxiety and confusion.
Data map: Old people rehearse the program carefully. Tan Weiqi photo
How to combine "medicine" with "nourishment"
Really integrate health services into family life.
Obviously, in China in the future, families and communities are bound to bear the burden of providing for the elderly, and how to promote the gathering of quality service resources around the elderly and how to fully combine the "medical care" of families and communities are questions that must be answered.
"The core of the old-age community is service, not how advanced the living environment is." Song Qing said that the old-age community should redefine the relationship between people and the community, upgrade health management services in terms of living functions, and integrate health management with family doctors as the core and the old-age care system supported by nursing into life.
Song Qing said that in terms of personnel, family doctors should establish a long-term and stable service relationship with residents, manage residents' health throughout the process, provide professional, convenient and continuous basic medical services, and solve common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases and sub-health conditions of residents.
"Many elderly people may not get sick in the next twenty or thirty years, and they don't necessarily need to see a doctor, but they do need professionals to help them with nutrition, exercise, health care and other nursing services."
In terms of facilities, Song Qing said that community health hardware facilities should be fully integrated with health management soft services, and health services should be truly integrated into community management through the combination of residential health element design, smart wearable devices and total health data management.
"Take first aid as an example. If an old man falls, his family can catch the signal of the patient's fall in time through the biological radar and convey it to the property and family doctor. At this moment, the community will open the access control, elevators and barrier-free passages for the first time to ensure the smooth passage of ambulances. At the same time, the family doctor will come to the door in time to give first aid to the patient until the ambulance arrives. "
Experts said that the community for the aged, which combines medical care and nursing care, should completely break the separation of community life functions and health services, provide differentiated, professional and accurate services for the elderly, and deeply integrate the elements of old-age care and health into the familiar life scenes of the elderly.