The name "Guizhou" began in the Song Dynasty. In 974, Pugui, the indigenous leader, surrendered to the controlled rectangular country. There is a saying in the Song Dynasty: "Only Guizhou is far from barren", which is the earliest record of this area in the name of Guizhou. In the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, Guizhou was established, its political history was declared, and a province named Guizhou was formally established.

In China, Guizhou is one of the birthplaces of ancient humans, and many ancient human fossils and ancient cultural relics have been discovered.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Guizhou was generally called "Nan Man". Among them, the eastern part of Guizhou bordering on Chu is called "the middle of Guizhou", and most areas belong to Pakistan, Shu, Guangxi, Chinese soft-shelled turtle and other countries respectively.

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang put forward the policy of "keeping fit" in view of the shrinking production and economic recession after the war, and paid more attention to the rule of Guizhou.

After the Ming Dynasty, the development of Guizhou further consolidated the unity of China's multi-ethnic countries politically, strengthened the ties between Guizhou and the Central Plains since the Qin and Han Dynasties economically, and promoted the economic and cultural development of all ethnic groups in Guizhou.

Guizhou is also one of the provinces with many important historical sites in modern times, such as anti-Qing scholars and Chiang Kai-shek.