Basic introduction of Chinese name: Ceramic cup raw materials: ceramic uses: drinking wine, water, tea and other properties: vessel composition, technology, characteristics, differences, according to the structure can be divided into, cleaning, how to buy, component ceramic cups are mainly composed of kaolin, clay, porcelain stone, porcelain clay, colorant, blue and white materials, lime glaze, lime alkali glaze and so on. Jingdezhen ceramic cups are mainly kaolin ceramics, and kaolin is a kind of clay mainly kaolinite. It was first discovered in gao ling cun, northeast of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. Its chemical experimental formula is: Al203 2Si02 2H20, and its weight percentage is: 39.50%, 46.54%, 13.96% in turn. Pure kaolin is a dense or loose block with a white and light gray appearance. When contaminated by other impurities, it can be dark brown, pink, beige, etc. It has a satiny feeling, is easy to knead into powder by hand, turns pale after calcination, and has high fire resistance. It is an excellent raw material for making porcelain. Process 1. Mud refining: Porcelain stone is taken from the mining area, ground with water, washed, removed from impurities, and made into brick mud after precipitation. Then mix the mud with water to remove slag, rub it with your hands or step on it with your feet, and squeeze out the air in the mud to make the water in the mud uniform. 2. Blanking: throw the clay ball in the center of the turntable of the pulley car, and draw the rough shape of the blank by bending, stretching and retracting. 3. Blank printing: rotate the shape of the seal according to the arc in the blank, cover the semi-dry blank on the mold, pat the outer wall of the blank evenly, and then demould. 4. Blanking: Cover the blank on the roller of the pulley car, rotate the wheel and cut it with a knife to make the blank have a proper thickness and a smooth surface. This is a highly technical process. 5. Sun drying: put the processed blank on the wooden frame to dry. 6. Carving: Carving patterns on dry or semi-dry blanks with bamboo, bone or iron knives. 7. Glazing: the common round mouth is dipped in glaze (the blank is immersed in the glaze basin, and the mouth edge is lifted immediately when it is flush with the glaze surface) or glazed (the glaze slurry is injected into the blank, shaken to make the glaze slurry glaze evenly up and down, and then the excess glaze slurry is quickly poured out), and the cutter (compared with the "rounder", the "rounder" refers to a round vessel, such as a bowl, drawn from the blank. Vessels with complicated molding process, such as bottles, statues, pots, cans, etc. , both called "cutter") or big circular machine blowing glaze (the method is to cover the bamboo tube with spun yarn, dip the glaze and blow it with the mouth, and repeat this for many times to obtain a glaze layer with uniform thickness on the surface of the blank). 8. Kiln firing: The time course is about one day and night, and the temperature is about 1300℃. First, build a kiln door, ignite and burn the kiln, and the fuel is pine. Provide technical guidance for piling, measure the fire duration, master the change of kiln temperature, and decide the ceasefire time. 9. Colored glaze: The glaze colors such as multicolor and pastel are painted on the fired porcelain glaze, and then fired in a red furnace at a low temperature of about 700℃-800℃. In addition, paint on the blank before firing, such as blue and white, underglaze red, etc. , known as underglaze red, is characterized by never fading under high temperature glaze. The main raw material of characteristic ceramic cups is mud, not rare metal, which will not waste our living resources, pollute the environment and destroy resources, and is non-toxic and harmless. The choice of ceramic cups reflects the understanding of environmental protection and the care for our living environment. Ceramic cups are environmentally friendly, durable and practical, and are the crystallization of soil, water and fire. Natural raw materials, combined with the power of nature and human science and technology, have created indispensable daily necessities in our lives. The invention of pottery is an important process of human civilization-it is the first time that human beings have created new things by using natural things according to their own will. According to the pottery fragments found in Nihewan area of Yangyuan County, Hebei Province in the late Paleolithic period, China's pottery has a long history of many years. Types can be divided into 1 according to temperature. The firing temperature of the low-temperature ceramic cup is 700-900 degrees. 2. Medium temperature ceramic cups generally refer to ceramics with a firing temperature of about 1000-1200. 3. The firing temperature of the high-temperature ceramic cup is above 1200℃. Poor (1), temperature: the firing temperature of high-temperature porcelain is above 1200 degrees; The firing temperature of medium temperature porcelain is1000-1150℃; The firing temperature of low-temperature porcelain is 700-900 degrees. (2) Color: The color of high-temperature porcelain is fuller, more delicate and crystal clear; Medium and low temperature porcelain is dull in color. (3), feel: high temperature porcelain is smooth and delicate; Medium and low temperature porcelain is slightly rough. (4) Sound: high-temperature porcelain is crisp; Medium and low temperature porcelain is relatively low and stuffy. (5) Texture: The hardness of high-temperature porcelain is relatively strong; Medium and low temperature porcelain is fragile. (6) Of course, the most obvious difference between high-temperature ceramics and low-temperature ceramics is water absorption. The water absorption of low-temperature ceramics is high, and that of high-temperature ceramics is lower than 0.2%. The product is easy to clean, will not absorb peculiar smell, and will not crack the glaze and cause local water leakage. The water absorption rate of medium and low temperature ceramics is much higher than this standard, and it is easy to enter sewage, not easy to clean, and it will emit an unpleasant smell. It will crack and leak after a long time. It can be divided into 1 by structure. Single ceramic cup 2. Double-layer ceramic cups can be divided into 1. Mugs are transliterated from English mugs, which refer to cups with handles. The Chinese transliteration of mug-cup is "mug". 2. Insulating cup 3. Insulating cup 4. Coffee cups Coffee cups can never react with coffee, so active metals can never be used as coffee cups (of course, if you want to pursue an alternative taste), such as aluminum cups. The body of the coffee cup should be thick, and the mouth of the cup should not be too wide or too open. The cup condenses the hot air of coffee, which is not easy to cool quickly and will not affect the taste and taste of coffee. 5. Personal Office Cup 6. The energy health cup is weakly alkaline, which can eliminate acidic metabolites in the body, eliminate toxic alcohol, remove excess fat, adjust the acid-base balance of the human body and prevent diseases. With small molecular groups, it can improve human microcirculation, clear bowels, accelerate the excretion of toxins in the body and promote metabolism. Having negative potential can eliminate excess free radicals in the body and delay aging. High oxygen content can provide oxygen and nutrients needed by human cells and enhance immunity. It contains minerals and trace elements in a proper proportion, which is convenient for human body to absorb and promote health. Containing negative ions, it can kill viruses and bacteria in body fluids, purify blood, eliminate fatigue and regulate gastrointestinal system. Cleaning tea stains and coffee stains in cups with toothpaste or edible salt has a good effect. Usage: Wash the cup with water (anhydrous), then rub it on the cup wall with dry salt or toothpaste, and then wash the salt with clear water, whether it is salt or crude salt, which can help us remove tea stains from the cup. After we touch it with our fingers, we brush it back and forth above the tea stains. Within two or three minutes, we will find that the tea stains have magically disappeared. And that cup body is not easy to be hurt. Citrus peels sometimes touch old soil. What if the brush is not clean? Don't worry! At this time, you might as well look for the lemon left in the kitchen, or the peel you want to throw away after eating oranges! For coffee cups, we wipe the rim with sliced lemon or a little vinegar. For the coffee pot, we can slice the lemon, wrap it in cloth and put it on the top of the coffee pot, and add water to it. Boil the lemon with coffee and let it drip into the pot below. Yellow water drops flowed from the coffee pot, which is the evidence that citric acid removes coffee stains. Generally speaking, it is enough to clean the coffee pot twice or so. Add salt to the peel. If you use peel instead of cabbage cloth and use it to scrub tea stains after dipping in salt, you can also achieve unexpected good results! If there is no peel, a little vinegar will have the same effect. Kitchen Bleach Dilute the kitchen bleach in a large basin, and then soak the cup in it for one night. After washing with clear water the next day, the tea stains will magically slip away cleanly. How to choose 1? First of all, pay attention to whether the cover is suitable. We know that ceramic covers will make water cool less quickly. If the cover is not suitable, it may be inferior and will also affect future use. 2. Listen to the sound and snap your fingers. If it makes a crisp and pleasant sound, then this porcelain tire is fine and dense. If it is hoarse, it is inferior porcelain and can't be bought. 3. When drinking water, the mouth will touch the cup wall, so the top of the outer side of the cup wall, that is, where the mouth touches, should not have patterns, and it is best not to have patterns on the inner wall. Because these glazes contain trace amounts of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, they are not easy to be used for a long time. Harmful to human body. 4. Touch the surface. Look for smoothness, cracks, holes and black spots. If it is as smooth as glass, the product is better.