After Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty pacified Chen in the Southern Dynasties, he concentrated soldiers, astronomical phenomena and astronomical books in Chang 'an, and ordered him to refer to the star officials and draw a star map with the tombs of Zhou Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. Zhou Fen, Yuan Chong and others are still teaching astrology in Taishi Museum. According to the Star Palace set by Chen Zhuo in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Dan Yuanzi of the Sui Dynasty composed a seven-character Long song, which is called "Song of the Heaven", which is simple and easy to recite. At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, Li Bo wrote "Astronomical Image Fu", describing all-star officials with poems and fu. The system of star officials in Sui Dynasty was very developed, but it had two weaknesses: at that time, the division of three stars was overemphasized, which made the starry sky divided into two star systems; There are still some blank areas between the polar region and the ecliptic, and there are still not enough named stars. Natural history was advocated in Sui Dynasty, when a large number of local chronicles (or maps and ancient books) appeared. The Sui Dynasty ordered the compilation of local chronicles in all parts of the country, and finally it was written into Local Records of Various Counties, Local Records of Yu and Atlas of Various Countries. Emperor Yang Di also ordered the mapping of customs and products of various countries in the world, and compiled them into "Local Records of Products" and "Records of Regional Utopia". Lang Zheng took photos from all over the country and compiled 200 volumes of Suizhou Atlas. During the Daye period, Pei Ju was in charge of Zhangye mutual market. He collected information such as mountains and rivers, surnames, customs, costumes and products in the western regions from books and speeches of businessmen in the western regions, and wrote a map of the western regions. This book also records the three Silk Roads from Dunhuang to Central Asian countries and then to the Mediterranean.
In architecture, Li Chun, Yu Wenkai and He Chou are famous. In 6 10, Li Chun built Anji Bridge on the Weihe River in Zhao County, Hebei Province. Anji Bridge is the oldest existing long-span single-span flat-arc stone arch bridge with open shoulders in the world. The arch of the bridge adopts a single-hole 1/4 circular arch bridge structure with long span and low flatness, which is very convenient for water ships to pass through, and it is one of the great achievements in the history of Chinese architecture. Yuwen Kai once built a very popular temple for Yang Di. Your highness set up an axle to facilitate clutch. He can act alone, or he can be combined into a hall with hundreds of people. He Chou built Liuhe City for Yang Di. During the siege, a big city with eight miles and ten feet high in Fiona Fang can be synthesized overnight, and soldiers can be lined up and flags erected on it. In addition, He Chou can use celadon as glass, which is no different from real glass.
The medicine in Sui Dynasty was quite developed, and the medical department was huge. Clinical medicine tends to be classified, and the medical department is divided into two parts: medicine and pharmacy. Medicine is divided into four branches: medicine, acupuncture, massage and curse. Among them, medicine is divided into five majors: physiotherapy (internal medicine), juvenile (pediatrics), sore (surgery), ear, eye, mouth, tongue and horn (cupping). Due to the progress of medicine in the Southern Dynasties, the communication between doctors in the North and the South and the circulation of medical books in the Sui Dynasty were conducive to the introduction of medicine. There are many works in Sui Shu's Economic and Zhi Zi's Bad Arts, which were written by people in Southern Dynasties. Xu Zhizang, a famous doctor in the south, once treated Yang Di. The Sui Dynasty also translated more than ten kinds of Tianzhu and Western medical prescriptions, which were very rich in knowledge. . Chao was the most famous doctor in Sui Dynasty, and he wrote Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases. This is the first book in China detailing the classification, etiology and pathology of diseases. According to the book, intestinal anastomosis is a great achievement in the history of surgical operation in China. However, there are many mistakes in the theory of disease and syndrome. For example, "Nine Diseases" said: "Enterobius vermicularis changes greatly in the human intestine, and it can also be tinea at the time of onset, but there are insects in tinea." In fact, pinworm has nothing to do with tinea. Yang Di the Great compiled the Four Seas Gathering Prescriptions in the Great Cause Period, with a total volume of 2,600 * *, focusing on theory and complementing the Theory of Stages of Evil.
Compared with the previous generation, the science and technology of the Tang Dynasty made remarkable progress. There are many scientific and technological inventions in the history of China. Two of the so-called four great inventions were born in the Tang Dynasty, namely gunpowder and block printing. Sun Simiao, who is regarded as the king of medicine, wrote Qian Jin Fang Yao and its supplement Qian Jin Fang Yi, both of which are rare medical monographs on the origin of drugs, diagnosis and treatment tactics, acupuncture methods and health preservation techniques. Newly Revised Materia Medica is the earliest national official medical book in China, which was written in the fourth year of Tang Gaozong (659). Astronomer Monk and his team measured the length of meridian for the first time in the world. He also cooperated with Liang Lingzan to make bronze zodiac and water-based astrolabe. He used quadratic difference interpolation method to innovate the interpolation formula of approximate cubic difference in the almanac of Dayan calendar, which laid the foundation for later generations such as Wang Xun. Wang Xiaotong, a mathematician in the early Tang Dynasty, wrote "Ji Gu Shu Jing" in the ninth year of Wude [626], which is the first time in the world to systematically establish cubic polynomial equations, which is of great significance to the development of algebra. Li's revision of Ten Books of Arithmetic is an important achievement of arithmetic in Tang Dynasty.
In the early Tang Dynasty, a 550-volume large-scale geographical work, Broad Zhi, was rich in content and had a far-reaching impact on the geographical research of later generations. Jia Dan's Flowers at Home depicts hundreds of countries close to the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are political works such as Yuanhe County Annals written by Li Jifu, Zhouxian Dian written by Du You, and People's Book about Nanzhao written by Fan Chuo. The expansion of Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, and Luoyang, the eastern capital, on the basis of the prosperity of the Sui Dynasty, was also well-planned and large-scale, which was the most rigorous and correct capital planning in the history of China. At the peak of the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an City had a population of 800- 1 10,000, which was the largest city in the world at that time and left a model for later generations. At that time, the capitals of neighboring countries, such as Ping An Jing in Japan, Silla Jincheng, Koguryo Pyongyang and Shangjing Longquan House in Bohai, were all modeled after Chang 'an. Daming Palace covers a vast area, and today's ruins are equivalent to three times the total area of the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In the Tang Dynasty, the scale of wood structure building was magnificent, the construction technology was further finalized, and the construction speed was improved. The form of the stupa also combines the shapes of China and India, which is ever-changing and changeable. In 868, the printing of Diamond Sutra in China was the earliest block printing known in the world. Engraving printed Dalagni Classics were found in Chengdu and Dunhuang. Block printing created conditions for the mass distribution and popularization of books after the Five Dynasties. China's papermaking, textile and other technologies were introduced to the major grain-producing countries in the Battle of Juan Ross in 75 1 year, then to Spain in12nd century, to Italy in13rd century, and to Europe at the beginning of14th century. In 646, sugarcane cooking was also introduced into the Tang Dynasty from Mejietuo.