With a population of 630,000, Essen is the sixth largest city in Germany. It is the center of Ruhr, the industrial center of Germany. In fact, the large and medium-sized cities in Ruhr are almost completely connected. If you want to walk on the "path" instead of driving on the highway, you may not see the "path" at all, such as Murheim, Duisburg, Gelsenkirchen, Eisen and Dortmund. You just walked in the city, but you didn't pay attention, and you didn't know that you had entered another city. Germans may particularly like "Federation". Urban agglomerations like this should have been merged into one in China a long time ago, but the Germans seem to have never considered merging them into a city-a megacity with a vast area and a population of more than 7 million.
With the decline of sunset industry, great changes have taken place in Eisen area and Ruhr area. German industry has been transforming for decades. Most of the coal mines in those years were closed, and those coal mining areas were transformed into scenic spots with mountains and lakes. Even those large enterprises in Eisen have produced something completely different from what they did 20 years ago.
As an industrial center, Eisen is not ugly. It also has lakes, mountains and forests. The city is clean and modern. Industry and nature often combine well. Krupp, an old industrial family in Germany, is a typical example. Huegel, the villa where Krupp once lived, is a big landscape of Eisen, as grand as a generation of monarchs. It symbolizes Germany's transition from the feudal aristocratic era to the era of capital rule. There are two particularly interesting photos on display in the villa, one is Li Hongzhang's visit to Krupp's home, and the other is Krupp's visit to Premier Zhou Enlai in the 1990s.
There used to be no university in Ruhr. Since the 1960s, the German government has invested a lot of manpower and financial resources here and built a series of institutions of higher learning, such as Eisen University and Eisen College, which are the products of that era. Maybe you won't travel to Eisen on purpose, but if you go there to discuss business problems or study, you will find that this city is quite good.
In the past, it was the largest industrial city in Germany, but Essen was not a well-known city in Germany, but a gathering place of German factories in the past. The name of the city Essen is the same as Essen (food, eating) in German. Many people will ask curiously: "Why is Essen called Essen (eat) instead of Trinken (drink)? According to the local grandmother, this Essen is actually different from Essen (food). This Essen evolved from the plural Essen of DieEssen (chimney). In the past, Essen meant chimney because there were many factories and natural chimneys. So next time, don't think Essen is called Essen because there are many delicious foods!
In World War II, Essen was heavily bombed, so there are not many surviving monuments. Essendom, which has a history of 1 150 years, is one of them. Essener Dom is also called Münsterkirche (note: only the church with cardinals can be called Dom). According to the system and order of the Holy See, it is Pope. Kardinal (cardinal), Bischof (cardinal), Pastour (priest), Kaplan = priest (priest), and monasteries are called monks. According to the Catholic tradition, all priests are buried in the atrium garden of Kreuzgang in the cathedral after their death, and the Latin word "Vivas in deo" is engraved at the end of the tombstone. German means "Leben in Gott" (living in the Lord), while bishops and above wear coffins and are sealed in the stone wall in the basement of the cathedral. Essen Cathedral was built in 852 AD. After many expansions and renovations, the architectural style of Essen Cathedral has also evolved from the early Romanesque style to the early Gothic and Baroque styles. Finally, it is colorful because of the late Gothic style. There are statues of Jesus crucified everywhere in the cathedral, which read in Jewish: IN RI, meaning king of the Jews. Domschatzkammer has many hand-painted manuscripts of the Bible, which can be traced back to 800 BC, and there are many kinds of treasures. For example, there is a cross inlaid with precious stones, and the words Rex, Pax, Lux and Lex are written on the top, bottom and left and right, all of which are Latin, meaning: K? Nig (King), Frieden (Peace), Licht (Light), Gesetz (Law). Website:
The development of Essen is closely related to the Kuruppu family. It can be said that Essen would not be today without the Kuruppu family. The Kuruppu family started from scratch at the beginning of the19th century, and its success lies in its accurate vision. When Kuruppu heard that someone had just successfully invented the train in England, he immediately went to England to buy the inventor's manufacturing patent and seized the opportunity. This later angered the British, and Kuruppu expanded day by day. Because the construction of trains requires a lot of iron, and it must be imported by sea, Kuruppu turned from manufacturing trains, steelmaking and shipbuilding to weapons manufacturing. He often pays attention to new inventions and research and then buys patents. In terms of expanding the factory, he built many residential areas near the factory and provided free living for employees, so there were more and more factories in Essen, and there were more than 1600 chimneys everywhere during the peak hours.
Since 1875, Kuruppu has formulated the company trademark (mark), which is a combination of three rings, symbolizing the division of labor and cooperation among employees, society and enterprises. Kuruppu built a family villa in Essen Hugel. Later, due to World War II, many factories were bombed, and the Kuruppu family signed a document prohibiting the manufacture of arms and weapons in the future. Later, Kulupu successfully became a listed company. In addition to building a hospital, a foundation was set up to support the development of photography. However, at present, the Kuruppu family has separated due to family struggle, and the Villa Hügel has become a museum for the public to visit. Li Hongzhang came here on behalf of the Qing court to discuss the purchase of arms with the Kuruppu family. So, you can also see photos of Li Hongzhang in Kuruppu family villa!
Many museums and theaters in Essen are converted from abandoned factories, even IKEA! The famous Red Dot Design Center in North Rhine-Westphalia is also one of them. Essen Zollverein was originally the largest above-ground coal mine in the world, and the mining industry is not backward. North Rhine-westfalen has transformed abandoned coal mines into museums. Including North Rhine Design Center, Red Dot Design Museum, Coal Mine Museum, Casino and Open-air Cinema, etc ... Red Dot Design Center holds an international red dot design competition every year, which is divided into industrial design and visual communication design, and publishes an authoritative design yearbook. The winning design works will be exhibited at the Red Dot Design Museum.
In addition, the graduation design works of students from Duisburg-Essen University will also be exhibited in Zollverein. The architectural design of the Red Dot Design Museum is very unique. The original mining facilities with slight rust corrosion are combined with the newly-built exhibition hall, and the surrounding walls are covered with conveying pipes and giant exposed steel bones, and the surface is covered with red rust. In the dim light, it was impressive to see a silver car hanging upside down on the three-story steel frame ceiling, skillfully combining the ancient miners' yard with the modern design exhibition hall. In the Red Dot Design Museum, you can not only enjoy the contemporary top industrial design works, including furniture, kitchen utensils, computers, cars and other works, but also shuttle through the original space of ancient mines, which is also a kind of fun and special experience. In order to welcome the World Architecture Congress in 2005, Zollverein will build an international design school, a design craft park and an international architecture, design and art laboratory near the original site. After the international competition, SANAA, a female architect of SANAA Architecture Office in Tokyo, will be responsible for the architectural design of the International Design Institute. The architectural form of the International Design Institute is a big dice with many square windows, which will be completed in 2005.
In addition, Lichtburg, the largest and oldest cinema in Germany, is in Essen! The Lichenburg Cinema in Essen has 1.302 seats, and its movie screen is also the largest in Europe, with an area of 1.50 square meters and a 360-degree movie screen. Fort Licht has been listed as a historic site protection by Essen municipal government for about 75 years since its establishment, mainly showing art films. Speaking of movies, Hollywood movie star Arnold Schwarzenegger, who was elected governor of California, also lives in Essen. 1972, Arnold, whose ancestral home is Austrian, won the world bodybuilding Olympic champion for the third time in Saarbourg (now Essen Philharmonic Hall). At that time, Arnold lived in a friend's house for several months and often went to the signing ceremony held by Essen gym and bookstore. Arnold's last visit to Essen was invited by Essen International Fitness Equipment Exhibition ten years ago. Arnold doesn't know when the next visit will be. Essen people are good at climbing relationships!
Overbeck, a coffee shop located in the center of Essen, is a famous traditional European coffee shop in Essen. Their fruitcake is very delicious, not only not sweet, but also very suitable for oriental tastes. Cafe Overbeck is not too expensive. A pot of coffee (two and a half cups) with a piece of fruitcake and biscuits is about 5 euros.
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