Abstract: There are many kinds and forms of national percussion instruments in China, and there is no recognized classification. Some common classification methods are based on shape, pronunciation and whether there is a fixed pitch, but they all have certain limitations. Here, we will introduce these instruments according to the classification method of pronunciation materials.

Keywords: percussion instruments; structure

First of all, clanging bronzes refer to all percussion instruments made of copper, including cymbals, gongs, cymbals, bells and bells.

Cymbal: Also known as? Hey? Disc percussion instrument Cymbals are divided into big cymbals, small cymbals, water cymbals and Beijing cymbals. Large cymbals and water cymbals are bulky and have low pronunciation. Among them, water cymbals are named after the sound of splashing water. Small cymbals and Beijing cymbals are small in size and have high and clear voices. The cymbals can't play very fast, but the cymbals can play quite fast.

Gong: Gong is a copper disc percussion instrument. It has no bowl-shaped protrusions, but it has edges. In addition to gongs, folk music teams also use Yungong for a long time. Yun Gong is a high-pitched percussion instrument, with dozens of gongs hanging on a shelf and hammered with both hands.

Ring the bell: also known as? Star? Or? Touch the clock? Shaped like a clock When playing, they collide with each other to make sounds, which are crisp and pleasing to the ear and very penetrating.

Chime: Chime is an ancient and changeable percussion instrument in China, which consists of several or dozens of clocks of different sizes hanging on a clock stand. Each clock can produce two different pitches at different positions, which is very unique.

Followed by wood sound, refers to wooden percussion instruments, including bangzi, wooden fish, wooden boards and so on.

Bangzi: The stick consists of two sticks with different lengths and thicknesses. The long and thin stick is a cylindrical stick, and the slightly short and thick stick is a cuboid stick. Bangzi's voice is crisp and solid, and it has strong penetrating power, which is mostly used in Bangzi opera.

Muyu: Muyu was an early Buddhist instrument, and now it has become a necessary percussion instrument for national orchestras. The pitch of wooden fish of different sizes is different. According to the commonly used tones, you can combine 5 tones or 7 tones.

Board of Directors: Also called? Bandram? 、? Make a decision? Wait, it's all made of hardwood. In traditional rap art, the actors sing by themselves. China traditional opera band also has a board, which is played by drums and drums.

Thirdly, the rattle skin refers to percussion instruments that make sound by tapping the tight skin, such as drums, Hua Pengu, Paigu, Tanggu and Bangu.

Drum: The drum body is made of common wood such as Ailanthus altissima, Betula platyphylla and Poplar, and the drum surface is made of buffalo hide. It has a big body and needs to be played with a thick drumstick. The playing modes include clicking, double clicking, boring and scrolling. Drum strength range is large, dynamic range is also large, rendering atmosphere is its specialty.

Hua Pengu: Also known as? Drum? Yes Hua Pengu's voice is deep and powerful, softer than a drum. Nowadays, Hua Pengu is multi-toned. The drum stand is made of metal, and there are pedals under it. You can change the pitch by adjusting the tension on the drum surface with the pedal.

Drum arrangement: evolved from medium-sized hall drums and waist drums, with five or six drums arranged from big to small in shape and low to high in sound, becoming the current drum arrangement. The drum row has a tuning device, which can reach 4 to 5 degrees. Its two sides are supported by the steel frame in the center of the drum body, and the drum surface can be changed up and down by rotation.

Tanggu: There are many kinds of folk Tanggu, with different sizes and the same shape. There are click, double click, scroll, boring and so on. Change the timbre by hitting different positions and changing the strength.

Drum board: the drum frame of the drum board is made of hardwood and covered on one side, so it is also called? Dan Pigu? . The pitch of the banjo drum center is different from that of the drum side, and the timbre of percussion and full percussion is also different, so the combination strength can be changed a lot.

Finally, sounding stones refer to percussion instruments carved and polished with stones or jade, such as braiding and Qin Shi.

Radical: It is an ancient stone percussion instrument in China, which consists of 16 to 36 stones with different pitches.

Qin Shi: It is also a stone percussion instrument in China. It is shaped like an aluminum piano and a Qin Shi of a western orchestra. Its history and origin are still inconclusive.

For a long time, our national percussion instruments have been passed down by word of mouth, and there is no unified compilation and standard. But in the specific application, we can pay attention to the following aspects.

First, color contrast. The outstanding personality of percussion instruments is mainly manifested in that each instrument has its own unique sound characteristics. When arranging music, we should make use of these characteristics to enrich the expressive force of music.

We can set different musical instruments to different ones. Role? And arrange each other for them? Relationship? Organized in this environment? Role? what's up Communication and conflict? . Of course, this is just a metaphor. For percussion music without pitch, because there is only rhythm and no melody, the contrast of timbre has become one of the important ways to express the music content.

Second, the rhythm changes. Rhythm is an important manifestation of percussion instruments, and repetition is a major feature of percussion instruments. The rhythm of percussion is mostly regular repetition, also known as rhythm type.

Musical instruments with different timbres play alternately according to their own rhythms, forming the relationship between calling and responding, asking and answering, which is a common arrangement method for percussion music. In modern music, there are many forms of rhythm changes, which not only change the rhythm pattern, but also like to break the beat frame and change the stress position to achieve the fresh effect of chaotic beats.

Third, strength comparison. The change of strength is the main way for percussion instruments to express the change of musical mood. Percussion solo, the strength between the weakest and the strongest is often excessive, in order to show a huge emotional contrast or the gradual process of the scene.

When different instruments are alternately played, great dynamic contrast can also be used, which forms the dynamic contrast of different instruments, and this contrast often produces humorous effects.

Fourth, the level of percussion. In the national orchestra, the acoustic effect of percussion instruments should be balanced with other kinds of instruments. When the band plays weakly, or only has one or a few silk and bamboo instruments, percussion instruments generally only use wooden fish, chimes and other instruments with small volume and light pronunciation as the melody background.

As the volume of the band increases and the number of musical instruments increases, brass instruments such as gongs and cymbals should be gradually added. By the time the band performed in an all-round way or reached its climax, drums, gongs and cymbals had all increased. Although these are not theorems, they are all general laws, and all factors need to be considered comprehensively to achieve the ideal effect.