Some people say that this is because the child was squeezed by the birth canal at birth. But why do children who have caesarean section also have it?
Some people say that this is caused by beating the nurse, in order to make the child cry.
Is that really the case?
First, what is the "bruise" on the baby's ass? The "bruising" on newborn babies is not really bruising, but a normal skin phenomenon, which is called "congenital dermal melanocytosis", also called "Mongolian spot". Simply speaking, it is a kind of birthmark, which is a pigmented skin abnormality after birth. Generally speaking, the color of patches will gradually become lighter, even disappear from Qing Wu, and a few will remain in adulthood.
Congenital cutaneous melanocytosis is a birthmark carried by a baby at birth. It can appear in any part of the baby's body, mostly in the buttocks, back and waist, and the size can range from a few millimeters to more than ten centimeters. The color is mostly blue-green, and there are no protrusions on the skin. The touch is as smooth as normal skin.
Congenital dermal melanocytosis is the accumulation and precipitation of melanocytes in the dermis. When the baby is still in the embryonic state, melanocytes move from neural crest to epidermis and fail to penetrate the junction between epidermis and dermis, which makes melanocytes "trapped" in the deep dermis. This is a genetic disease that appears on the skin, which is harmless to the human body and will disappear on its own within a few years.
Second, how did the name "Mongolian spot" come from? 1885, "Mongolian spot" was first proposed by German doctor Edwin Baltz. At that time, Dr. Baelz worked in a Japanese clinic. At work, most of the babies he met had irregular blue spots, which he had never met in Europe.
At that time, western colonialism prevailed and the yellow race suffered racial discrimination. Although the doctor has no motive of racial discrimination, the medical term "Mongolian spot" has been branded with the brand of the times, and it is also considered by some pseudo-scientific western scholars as an "atavism" of racial discrimination.
But soon, the name "Mongolian spot" was challenged.
1903, a Japanese doctor found that white people would have similar phenomena, and then proposed several disease names as substitutes. Finally, in 1988, two Japanese scholars put forward the name "congenital dermal melanocytosis".
Many diseases, such as suppurative granuloma and allergic purpura. It is still in use today because of the limitation of the cognition of the times, so we can't guess the essence of diseases completely by their names.
Third, how to distinguish whether the pigmentation of the newborn is "Mongolian spot"? So how can we tell whether the pigmentation of newborns is Mongolian spots?
We can start with the place where it happened. Mongolian spots mostly occur in the waist, buttocks and sacrococcygeal region. More than 90% of the skin pigmentation in these areas is Mongolian spots.
Secondly, it can be distinguished by color. Mongolian spots are basically gray-blue, and the color is relatively uniform, the boundary is not clear, and there will be no protrusion from the skin.
Although Mongolian spots are often confused with coffee spots, they are different. Coffee spot is a spot or plaque on the skin surface of a newborn after birth. The color is mostly brown or yellow-brown, usually smaller than Mongolian spots, with more diverse shapes and uncertain positions.
Coffee spots may be caused by pathological reasons, such as neurofibromatosis, and most of them will not disappear by themselves, so parents need to distinguish them clearly.
Fourth, there are ectopic Mongolian spots, how to treat them? Ectopic Mongolian spot, different from Mongolian spot, can occur in limbs and trunk, usually in scapula, above clavicle and deltoid muscle innervated by posterior supraclavicular nerve and lateral arm nerve. Melanocytes may come from local nerve tissue, and some people may be accompanied by ipsilateral or bilateral nevus OTA and nevus flammeus.
If the ectopic Mongolian spot affects the appearance, it can be removed by surgery, freezing, carbon dioxide laser, pulsed laser lamp and other methods. At present, the effect of laser treatment is the most ideal, and the specific treatment scheme should be selected according to the depth, distribution and skin quality of pigment. Some patients can use a variety of lasers to complement each other and improve the treatment rate.
Under normal circumstances, Mongolian spots will not have much problem, and most of them can gradually disappear with age. It is worth noting that a few children's Mongolian spots grow in obvious positions such as face, which is easy to cause trouble to children and cause inferiority complex, which is not conducive to psychological development. This condition can also be diagnosed and treated in dermatology as soon as possible.