Keywords: physical education curriculum physical education curriculum environment political environment
The particularity of physical education curriculum itself determines the diversity of physical education curriculum objectives. The value function of physical education curriculum is influenced by environmental factors in the process of realizing the transformation of self-life function through human life self-movement. Among them, political environment factors play a role in promoting or restricting the development of physical education curriculum, so it is an important subject to study the influence of political environment on physical education curriculum in physical education class.
1 physical education curriculum environment
Under the guidance of school sports objectives, physical training is the main means, and the specific goal is the harmonious development of students' body, sports cognition, sports skills, emotions and sociality. Physical education curriculum has the characteristics of multi-layer organizational structure, educational plan performance and educational information carrier performance, which is used to guide the implementation process of school physical education and physical education teaching activities. Physical education courses have distinct characteristics: physical education courses are sports cognition courses, life education courses, emotional courses and comprehensive courses. [1] Environment, from a philosophical point of view, refers to an object whose center or subject is relative. The surrounding things related to a central thing are the environment of this central thing. Physical education curriculum environment is an objective factor that takes physical education curriculum as the main body and revolves around physical education curriculum, and has an influence on the formulation and implementation of "educational plan" of physical education curriculum. These objective factors exist objectively relative to the physical education curriculum, and influence and restrict the physical education curriculum. The environmental factors of physical education curriculum include social factors such as social politics, economy and culture, students' factors, physical education curriculum itself and all related factors that affect the implementation of physical education curriculum. Such as various teaching management factors, teachers' teaching factors, teaching materials, teaching conditions and facilities, geographical environment factors and their relationships. [2]
2 physical education class Cheng political environment
The political environment of physical education class curriculum refers to the synthesis of factors that affect the goal setting, content selection and value standard of physical education curriculum. Political factors generally include political needs, political ideology and political system. Physical education class's political needs refer to the factors that the country should consider when planning physical education courses and determining the objectives of physical education courses according to the national conditions at that time and the political needs in the international environment. Physical education class Cheng's political and ideological factors refer to factors such as sports thoughts and values that affect the concept and development direction of physical education curriculum, reflecting the value orientation of the country in determining the objectives of physical education curriculum in different periods; The political system factors of physical education curriculum refer to the factors that promote the development of physical education class curriculum based on political needs, guided by political ideology and agreed by systems, regulations and policies, and provide institutional guarantee for the construction and implementation of physical education curriculum. Political system factors include sports system, sports policy and sports law. [3]
3 physical education class's political environment on the impact of physical education curriculum
From the establishment of gymnastics class in the Constitution of Playing School promulgated by 1903 to the present, this paper reviews the development of physical education class course in China and sees the influence of political factors on the development of physical education class course.
3. 1 Political needs determine the development planning of physical education curriculum and affect the value orientation of physical education curriculum objectives.
1903, the Qing government promulgated the "regulations on playing learning", requiring the implementation of modern sports in schools and the establishment of gymnastics classes, the main content of which is "military exercises". [4] Its goal is determined by the value orientation of national standards. 1950 In August, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Provisional Standards for Physical Education Curriculum in Primary Schools (Draft)", aiming at improving students' health level, ensuring students to complete their learning tasks and cultivating modern teenagers with strong physique. The determination of its goal is based on the value orientation of national standards. 1956 On March 5th, based on the Soviet Physical Education Syllabus, the "Draft Physical Education Syllabus for Primary Schools" and "Draft Physical Education Syllabus for Middle Schools" were promulgated. Through "replacing physical education with labor and military training", the "work-and-health system" was implemented, which directly affected the physical education curriculum. 1978 promulgated the physical education syllabus for primary schools in full-time ten-year schools (trial version) and the physical education syllabus for middle schools in full-time ten-year schools (trial version), further reaffirming the physical education idea of "strengthening students' physique". 1987 promulgated the "full-time primary school physical education syllabus (six-year system)" and "full-time middle school physical education syllabus (six-year system)", which established the general goal of "one purpose and three basic tasks" and put forward the idea of "making students know the basic principles of physical exercise and the methods of independent scientific physical exercise to meet the needs of lifelong physical exercise and life entertainment" and "developing students' personality". 1992 promulgated the "Nine-year compulsory education full-time primary school physical education syllabus" and "Nine-year compulsory education full-time junior high school physical education syllabus" to broaden the connotation of physical education teaching tasks, and establish a relatively clear target system and a content system combining theory with practice. 1996 12 The Physical Education Syllabus for Full-time Ordinary Senior Middle Schools issued by the Department of Physical Education and Health Art Education of the State Education Commission emphasizes "improving students' physical and mental health" and "laying the foundation for lifelong physical education", cultivating students' sense of social responsibility, developing students' personality, cultivating students' competitive consciousness, innovative spirit, cooperative spirit and adaptability, constructing a new syllabus structure system and promoting physical education. 2 1 century new physical education curriculum implements the guiding ideology of "health first" and puts the promotion of students' health, quality and all-round development in the first place; The target system includes four aspects: physical development, cognition, motor skills and emotional experience. It breaks through the traditional thought and mode of competitive physical education.
3.2 Political and ideological factors affect the ideological concept and development direction of physical education curriculum.
Due to the diversification of sports functions and different social needs, political ideology has changed from "a strong country can strengthen the people and a rich country can stabilize the people" to "a strong people can strengthen the country and a strong people can enrich the country". The guiding ideology of school physical education has also experienced the development process from "military and national physical education thought" to "health first", and the concept of physical education in the new century is also changing from the concept of "social standard" to the concept of "individual standard". Before the founding of New China, the country first considered a strong country, so the "military and national sports thought" was popular for a period of time, with "strengthening the body and enriching the country" as its historical mission. 1In June, 952, President Mao Zedong put forward the inscription "Developing sports and strengthening people's physique", and the school physical education curriculum was launched around "the idea of physique education". In the early 1980s, "competitive sports thought" and "technical teaching thought" appeared in physical education curriculum. Since 1980s, there have been some ideas in physical education, such as "happy sports", "all-round development sports", "physical fitness training", "overall interest view" and "health first".
3.3 Political system factors provide institutional guarantee for the implementation of physical education curriculum, and promote or restrict the development of physical education curriculum.
The political system stipulates the types of sports system. China's sports practice a "national system" characterized by ethnic concentration, and follows the principle of "combining popularization with improvement". Its basic policy is "developing sports and enhancing people's physique". 1in February, 979, the national sports work conference formally put forward "making efforts to make China enter the ranks of world sports powers". In 1980s, the starting point of China's sports policy was to achieve good results in the Olympic Games and World Championships. The embodiment of "national system" in the goal of physical education curriculum is the establishment of the goal of "strengthening physical fitness", but in the content of physical education curriculum, it is usually called "competitive sports". There is a tendency to attach importance to technology, emphasize learning and mechanical training and ignore education in physical education courses, and there is a tendency to pay attention to sports performance evaluation and ignore behavior and attitude in learning evaluation. After 1990s, the guiding principle of sports in China is "coordinated development of mass sports and competitive sports". In April, the State Sports Commission launched the Olympic Glory Plan and the National Fitness Plan, 1994. 1In August, 1995, the Standing Committee of the Eighth NPC passed the Sports Law of the People's Republic of China at its15th meeting. "Coordinated development of mass sports and competitive sports" has become the most basic guiding principle of sports work in the new period. The objectives of physical education curriculum are as follows: (1) the emergence of junior high school physical education curriculum objectives based on educating people; The value orientation of physical education curriculum reflects the transformation from "social standard" to "national standard". The content, learning activities and learning objectives of physical education class course are coordinated by teachers and students, and the teaching organization form and time are highly flexible. At the turn of the century, under the background of the world basic education curriculum reform, the main theme of China's education development is to implement quality education. In 20001year, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Curriculum Standard of Physical Education (1-6 grade) and Health (7- 12 grade) in full-time compulsory high schools. In the autumn of the same year, the Ministry of Education established the National Curriculum Reform Experimental Zone in 38 districts (counties and cities) of 27 provinces and cities and began experiments. A series of reform measures have promoted a new round of basic physical education curriculum reform in China. [5]
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