People bask in the sun by the sea.
Sunbathing is a method to prevent or treat chronic diseases by using sunlight, which mainly makes sunlight shine on human skin, causing a series of physical and chemical reactions, thus achieving the purpose of fitness and treatment. Sunbathing is often combined with cold water bath and air bath.
In the 1920s, when CocoChanel was traveling on a yacht, she was accidentally bronzed, which immediately caused a sunbathing trend in the fashion world. This is the origin of the modern sunbathing popularity. At that time, the Victorian era had just ended, and the young people who got rid of the shackles danced strange Charleston dances. Sunbathing, like gorgeous short skirts, short curly hair and cars, seems to have become a symbol of freedom in that era.
Sunbathing is also called tanning. Excessive exposure will form sunburn, which is called "sunburn". The earliest origin of tanning is like its name "tanning"-sunbathing. Tanning appeared in the west in the middle of last century, representing a sunbathing culture of Europeans and Americans-enjoying the sunshine. Suntan and vacation are directly linked, and vacation cannot be separated from sunny beaches. Suntan has almost become a status symbol.
People with bronzed skin show that they often go to sunny and expensive resorts to bask in the sun, so "dark skin" is the best business card to show their identity. Edit the origin and development history of this paragraph.
Anthropologist Taylor once said, "Where the sun shines, there is sun worship." People have always respected the sun in various forms. Many ancient civilizations regarded the sun as the only god. The Aztecs believed that the sun was the god in charge of rain and lightning. After the death of the Pharaoh in ancient Egypt, he will become the sun god-"La". The sphinx guards the entrance for the Pharaoh, and the pyramid symbolizes the light of the sun that penetrates the blue sky.
There is a sentence in the inscription on the pyramid: "The sky extends its own light to you so that you can go to the sky, just like it? The eyes are the same. "
Militant Assyrians advocate sunbathing. They believe that sunlight makes them an invincible nation. The ancient Egyptians used different colors of glass indoors to let sunlight shine on people's bodies through different colors of glass, which they thought could help with treatment. The ancient Greeks thought sunbathing was a good way to keep healthy. They built sunbathing cities on high mountains and treated tuberculosis with ultraviolet rays. The original intention of developing sunbathing is health and treatment, but with the changes of the times, tanning has become a fashion.
1927 In July, sunbathing equipment first appeared on the cover of British vogue magazine, which indicated that sunbathing began to attract the attention of fashion circles. In August, another article in fashion magazine further introduced, "People get bronzed skin by sunbathing every day, which has become a part of daily life."
1In June, 928, Fashion published an article, which wrote: "In the past, fashion and health were incompatible, but now they have become intimate. Any woman who is full of wisdom and pursues perfection will not neglect sunbathing if she wants to successfully stand at the forefront of society and fashion. " It imagines the future as a "new world full of sunbathing, good health and balanced nutrition".
Although it is concerned by the fashion world, bronzed skin is still not only an aesthetic standard at this time, but the health concept represented behind is that bronzed skin is only a manifestation of the new social atmosphere. This concept of health is exactly the same as that advocated by Dr. Kai Nuo Geiger forty years ago.
In this atmosphere, sunbathing is gradually accepted by the society. Before 1933 Hitler came to power, Germany had taken relevant measures to open sunbathing to the public, and Hitler banned it. There are also several beaches in Britain that can legally sunbathe and even have local body massage. There are also some designated beaches for sun therapy. Perhaps this rule is far from being "open" now, because it was after all in the 1930s, when it was forbidden to wear swimsuits to enjoy the sunshine on the beach.
Therefore, in the following decades, sunbathing is not so much a popular fashion that is constantly being promoted, but rather a goal that people strive for. 1928, a sunbathing supporter called on workers working in a dark and unlit working environment to fight for the sunshine. He suggested that all factories and offices should install sun lamps.
Henri lansbury, leader of British Labour Party and Westminster MP, also likes sunbathing. He told the Daily News: "In Germany, young people are healthy because they sunbathe and there are other factors. I hope young people in the British Empire can do the same. " It was he who contributed to the establishment of Hyde Park Bath, which was the first adult sunbathing place open to the public in London.
classify
There are two main ways to sunbathe: natural tanning and artificial tanning. Sunbathing, naturally.
Artificial tanning is divided into bed tanning and artificial tanning. Sunbed is based on the principle of sunlight, and imitates the irradiation of solar ultraviolet rays through artificial ultraviolet rays. It produces ultraviolet rays from the sun, which is medically proved to cause skin cancer. Artificial ultraviolet rays are much healthier than direct solar ultraviolet rays after filtering out harmful rays. The method of artificial tanning is realized by artificial tanning cream or bronze products.
A comprehensive introduction to sunbathing
principle
According to the different wavelengths of sunlight, there are three kinds of light that can be used: infrared light with a wavelength above 760 nm, visible light with a wavelength of 400 ~ 760 nm, and ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 180 ~ 400 nm. The above three kinds of rays have different effects on human body.
Sunlight has invisible and warm infrared rays, chemically active ultraviolet rays and visible light. Ultraviolet light can transform 7- dehydrosterol in skin into vitamin D, which can improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism, prevent rickets and osteomalacia, promote calcification of tuberculosis focus, heal fracture after reduction and prevent tooth loosening.
Infrared rays can penetrate the epidermis and reach deep tissues, which will increase the temperature of irradiated tissues, dilate blood vessels, accelerate blood flow and improve blood circulation. If the radiation is intense for a long time, the whole body temperature can be raised.
The visible light in sunlight can cheer people up and make them feel comfortable mainly through vision and skin.
Ultraviolet light is the spectrum with the strongest effect on human body in sunlight, which can strengthen blood and lymphatic circulation and promote the process of substance metabolism; It can convert ergosterol in skin into vitamin D, regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism and promote normal bone development. However, a large amount of ultraviolet radiation can cause erythema, protein decomposition, degeneration of skin cells, release histamine into the blood, increase red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, and make phagocytes more active.
Repeated exposure to sunlight, due to ultraviolet light, melanin in the skin is transformed into melanin, and the exposed skin presents a uniform and healthy black color. Melanin can absorb more solar radiation and convert it into heat energy, which is secreted by sweat glands. Sunlight is also a natural disinfectant, and various microorganisms quickly lose their vitality under ultraviolet radiation.
way
Generally, direct irradiation is used, and it is advisable to lie or sit. According to the principle of * * *, the irradiation site should be gradually expanded and the time should be extended, so that the human body can gradually adapt to the sunshine. Generally, lower limbs and back are irradiated first, and then upper limbs and chest and abdomen are irradiated; In order to protect your head and eyes from exposure, you can cover your head with white towels and straw hats and wear sunglasses. The irradiation time should be controlled according to altitude, season and individual reaction after irradiation. For example, the sunshine on the plateau is stronger than that on the flat ground, and it contains more ultraviolet rays. The sunshine is strongest at noon in summer, and the irradiation time is shorter; Generally, you can sunbathe all over the body, and you can also take reverse light bath, facial light bath and local whole body bath according to different lesions.
Sunbathing all over, etc. Full-body sunbathing requires being naked and constantly turning over the body, so that all parts can fully accept the sun. When sunbathing for the first time, you can shine every time, and you can gradually increase it later. Local sunbathers can use umbrellas or cloth to cover them. After each sunbathing, they can take a bath at 35 degrees Celsius and then lie down and rest. It usually lasts about 20 days.
The amount of ultraviolet rays in the sunlight in winter is about 1/6 of that in summer, and the irradiation time can be appropriately extended. Sunbathing usually starts in 5 minutes, and then it can be increased by 5 minutes each time. If the whole body reacts well, it can be extended to 1 ~ 2 hours.
Sunbathing places should be clean, flat and dry, especially green spaces; It should not be carried out on the asphalt floor or near the stone wall to avoid asphalt vapor poisoning and high radiant heat.
protect
There are several kinds of dried milk. DHA with one-time effect has higher concentration, higher price and higher failure rate. If you don't exfoliate the whole body in advance, the skin will absorb DHA unevenly, resulting in a deep situation between the east and the west. Slowly developing sun-like milk, DHA with lower concentration was added to moisturizing milk. When rubbing every day, the skin color will gradually deepen, the success rate is high, and there will be no uneven terror. When you reach a satisfactory color, you can stop using it for a few days and then maintain it once or twice a week.
There is also sun-dried milk with added pigment, which is equal to the combination of sun-dried milk and bronze milk on the surface. When smearing, it is like an instant tanning, which is convenient to identify the scope of rubbing, but it will still change color when smearing, and the real DHA component under it should work slowly.
In addition to the risk of uneven smell and color, dried milk also has the risk of turning orange. If the pH value of formula milk powder is acidic, DHA will develop into orange tone. Many types of sun-dried milk on the market are easy to turn orange, so be careful when buying.
In addition, sun-dried milk is completely different from milk. Be sure to wipe the milk clean after use to resist ultraviolet rays. Don't buy imitation milk with sun protection coefficient, which is not only poor in blackening effect, but also unsafe in sun protection.
Most tanned milk contains dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHA). DHA is a chemical substance processed from sugarcane. DHA was found to be an effective temporary tanning ingredient in the 1920s, and it has been used ever since. It reacts with keratin to produce a brown color on the skin surface. Erythrose is a kind of ketose. When used together with DHA, it can prevent uneven color and create a deeper, more uniform and more natural black.
Because the surface skin is constantly changing, artificial tanning can only last for a week, but its biggest advantage compared with the other two methods is absolute safety. Therefore, artificial tanning is becoming more and more popular. According to statistics, a bottle of Saint Tropemei black milk is sold every ten seconds in the world.
Because DHA, as a substance, can be used in almost any kind of cosmetics, and manufacturers try to diversify their products in order to maximize their interests, there are many kinds of artificial tanning products. It can be said that everything is available from being dedicated to the face to being used all over the body. taboo
When you have serious heart disease, tuberculosis, fever and hemorrhagic constitution, it is forbidden to sunbathe;
If there are any reactions such as nausea, dizziness and heat annoyance during irradiation, stop immediately and rest in the shade; After re-irradiation, it should be reduced appropriately; When fatigue, insomnia and loss of appetite occur after sunbathing, it may be the accumulation of sunshine, so you should rest for a few days and continue irradiation after the symptoms disappear; It is best to take a short air bath before sunbathing, and then wipe your body with cold water after sunbathing.
The temperature is too low to sunbathe. You can sunbathe all year round, usually at 8~ 10 in the morning and 2~4 in the afternoon, so the ultraviolet rays are sufficient and the temperature is suitable.
The irradiation time depends on physical fitness, the time for the weak is shorter, and the time for the strong and the chronically ill is longer.
Cover your head to avoid dizziness and headache.
Matters needing attention
Sunbathing is a method to prevent or treat chronic diseases by using sunlight, which mainly makes sunlight shine on human skin, causing a series of physical and chemical reactions, thus achieving the purpose of fitness and treatment. Sunbathing is often combined with cold water bath and air bath.
1 It is forbidden to sunbathe in case of serious heart disease, tuberculosis, fever and bleeding;
2 If you have nausea, dizziness, irritability and other reactions during irradiation, stop immediately and rest in the shade; After re-irradiation, it should be reduced appropriately;
3 when fatigue, insomnia and loss of appetite occur after sunbathing, it may be the accumulation of sunlight, so you should rest for a few days and continue irradiation after the symptoms disappear;
It is best to take a short air bath before sunbathing, and then wipe your body with cold water after sunbathing.
In the eyes of the public at the beginning of the 20th century, sunbathing was a "good medicine" to treat diseases. At this time, bronzed skin is only a by-product of this therapy, not the purpose of sunbathing. The founder of sunbathing therapy can be said to be JohnHarveyKellogg, who is a famous doctor. He not only advocated holistic therapy, but also invented corn flakes, peanut butter and electric blankets. Most importantly, he invented an indoor sunbathing device-"sunbed", on which people can turn black when they lie and are irradiated by certain rays.
The first tanning bed equipment in Kai Nuo was completed in 189 1, which soon became popular in western Europe. King Edward VII of England even installed sunbathing facilities in Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle for easy enjoyment. In fact, most of the light emitted by the early indoor sunbathing devices in Kai Nuo is infrared, and occasional use can't make the skin black.
Only after long-term use, a small amount of ultraviolet radiation will cause skin color changes. Later, Kai Nuo continued to improve his device, combining incandescent lamps with arc lamps or special arc lamps, thus releasing a large number of ultraviolet wavelengths.
Since 1876, Beit Bay Sanatorium has been carrying out sunbathing treatment under the supervision of professional doctors. Although Kai Nuo designed indoor sunbathing equipment, he was more interested in natural sunlight. He thinks it is better to bathe in the sun outdoors than to receive the arc light indoors. In the book, he emphasized that "sunbathing is best done outdoors. The spacious deck and sunny beach on the yacht are ideal choices. Same-sex patients can bathe in the sun together, and male patients only need to wear ordinary shorts to sunbathe. "
Fensen still tried to make a breakthrough in phototherapy, filling a hollow plano-convex lens with ammonia solution containing copper sulfate as a condenser and filter, using a carbon arc lamp as a light source, using a timely prism to split light, and then using two plano-convex lenses to condense light. In this way, he got focused chemical light. He confirmed in bacterial culture that this focused chemical light does have bactericidal ability. 1895, 1 1 In June, 2006, Finson tried his treatment on the first lupus patient. After a period of time,
The lesion disappeared and the skin surface returned to normal. Finson gave this instrument as a gift to Queen Alexandra, the Danish wife of King Edward VII of England. Perhaps it is the gloomy weather in Britain that makes the Queen miss the sunshine in her hometown. She loves this indoor sunbathing device very much.
1900, this instrument was also installed in London hospital to treat lupus. 1903, Finson won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his contribution to the treatment of lupus dermatosis, which is the pinnacle of the scientific honor of sunbathing therapy.
By the 1920s, sunbathing had been widely used as a treatment. In a medical manual "Sunshine and its Usage" 1926, it is described that the North Islington Newborn Center in London, England uses sunbathing to promote the health of newborns. This is the first sunbathing treatment center in London, which has remarkable curative effect and brought great benefits to children from many poor families.
Influence and doubt
affect
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, the popularity of sunbathing also led to the worship and revival of the sun. Originated from ancient Greece, the ancient Greeks believed that the human body was the most beautiful thing in nature. They are naked in sports activities and festivals, and express and praise human nudity in various artistic forms. Babylonians, Assyrians and Romans all practiced nudism in the form of sunbathing.
After the silent Middle Ages, the popularity of sunbathing in the 20th century also led to the development of nudity. Modern nudity began in Germany. After the war, people paid more attention to the beauty and nature of life, so nudity received a lot of responses. This nude movement not only pursues healthy and beautiful body, praise and sunshine, but also rebelles against the rigid moral concept of European society at the end of 19 century.
1900, Health and Efficiency, the longest-running nudist publication in Britain, was published. This magazine was originally named Vitality-a magazine about natural culture, which had a strong racist tendency until the end of World War II. With the two world wars, nudism spread widely to other European countries and the United States.
ask about
In the 1920s, sunbathing was regarded as a panacea. After the baby is born, parents will give them sunshine to prevent tuberculosis and rickets. However, the current atmosphere is very different. Many people think that it is dangerous for children to be exposed to ultraviolet rays, and there is even a wind to avoid the sun.
Now, it is the medical experts who advocate sunbathing who strongly prohibit sunbathing. Some medical circles think sunbathing is stupid, superficial and even dangerous, which leads to many problems.
Some experts say that ultraviolet rays are the chief culprit of skin cancer, and frequent exposure to the sun is considered to cause skin cancer. Only "rich people who travel around the world by jet" like CocoChanel think that "tanning is a symbol of beauty, health, wealth and happiness", and the industry cultivates and promotes this concept among the public for the benefit: bronzed skin is the standard to measure handsome guys and beautiful women.
The view against sunbathing is so popular that if you enter the keywords "tanning" and "tanning+Coco Chanel" in Google, most of the results you find are not fashion websites, but medical websites that discourage people from sunbathing. They condemned this close contact with the sun, and the website of a British cancer charity even said that it was necessary to debunk the so-called "tanning myth" such as "bronzed skin is a symbol of health".
Strong opposition may have played a role In today's cities, the summer sun umbrella has become a beautiful scenery. Even if the weather is gloomy, countless girls can still cover themselves up with sunglasses and umbrellas for fear of being burned by the sun-because experts say that the lack of strong sunlight does not mean that the intensity of ultraviolet rays is weak.
At the same time, beaches all over the country are always bustling, and many men and women lie on the beach and enjoy the sunshine without shelter. Many countries have set up celestial baths, where people take off their clothes and get in touch with the sun to the maximum extent.
There are two ways to sunbathe when the voices for and against are arguing endlessly. The more lovers love, the more opponents object.