Broad sense: plants and their parts that have ornamental value and are cultivated and maintained through certain techniques. The ornamental parts are not limited to flowers, but can be flowers, fruits, stems, leaves, roots, seeds and other parts.
Colorful and varied flowers are beautiful, vivid and unique, which can not only give people endless aesthetic enjoyment, cultivate sentiment, but also prevent and treat diseases, make people physically and mentally healthy and prolong life.
Flowers are beneficial to human health and have direct and indirect effects on body and mind. By appreciating the color and smelling the fragrance of flowers, taking flowers as food and taking flowers as medicine, and even through moderate flower cultivation and gardening, we can play a role in preventing and treating diseases and strengthening the body.
As we all know, flower cultivation is a mild physical labor. Sun Simiao, a famous medical doctor and health care scientist in ancient China, not only lived for more than 100 years, but also had a famous fitness saying: "If people want to work hard, all diseases cannot be achieved." If people often engage in moderate physical exercise or manual labor, they can improve their immunity and greatly reduce their chances of getting sick. Planting flowers is a good way to exercise, which is not limited by time, place and weather changes.
At the age of 96, Mr. Xu Deheng, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress, told reporters: "Me? Do you want to write L-mode? Do you want to see the beauty in your eyes? Hey? Pull? Hey? Hands? T? I'm sorry for the delay. I wonder if K didn't ask questions at the temple. Hello? Five years old. He loved flowers all his life, like plum blossoms, orchids and other flowers. Once he planted orchids and hostas, and wrote a poem: "Vanilla has moved all over the forest, why not plant hostas and ask for two clusters of fragrant lilies?" The old man is 70 years old and still looks like a child. "Playing with flowers and plants in your spare time, or fertilizing, watering, pruning, loosening the soil, or weeding ... can not only exercise bones and muscles, promote metabolism, enhance physical fitness, but also have a certain auxiliary treatment effect on some chronic diseases.
There are many "Longevity Houses" in China and other countries in the world. Most of these areas are beautiful and full of flowers. Why is flower viewing beneficial to people's physical and mental health? Modern medicine believes that an important factor contributing to health in human body is human spirit, and a full life and a happy spirit are important factors to maintain health and longevity. Watching flowers can divert people's attention, dilute bad emotions and eliminate bad interference. The charm, beauty, fragrance and elegance of flowers can give people unlimited beauty enjoyment. Over time, it can nourish feelings and eliminate fatigue.
2. How to enjoy flowers (the way to enjoy flowers)
Tomlinson
Flower viewing is a kind of enjoyment in people's daily life. There are four words to appreciate flowers: color, fragrance, posture and rhyme.
Appreciate the color of flowers. Pay attention to color, there are generally two hobbies: some people like heavy makeup and demand strong colors; Some like light makeup, requiring simple and elegant colors. The ancients enjoyed flowers, some liked the rich and gorgeous peony and peony, and some admired the elegance of orchids, chrysanthemums, daffodils and calamus. People of different times, nationalities, occupations and ages have different aesthetic standards.
Appreciate the flowers. Both color and fragrance are ideal; The fact is often that "good flowers are not fragrant, fragrant flowers are not good", and it is difficult to have both color and fragrance, which is a phenomenon in biological inheritance. Orchids win with incense in the group of incense. The so-called fragrant ancestors are respected as national incense. The former is fragrant, and it also puts forward four standards: thick, clear, far and long, and thinks that jasmine can meet these requirements.
Appreciate the gesture of flowers. Posture is posture, or plant form. Some flowers and trees, such as elegant asparagus, swaying palm, graceful lotus … and most flowers and trees need pruning and modeling. The highest artistic form of ornamental flowers and trees is bonsai. The modeling of bonsai, the actual operation is to deal with the posture of roots, stems, leaves and flowers.
Appreciate the charm of flowers. This refers to the elegance, morality and characteristics of flowers. If you don't know the rhyme of flowers, it is difficult to enter the realm of elegance. Chairman Mao's "Yongmei" linked the charm of plum blossom with the temperament of revolutionaries, which made the heartless flowers have a sentimental meaning and played a good enlightening role in appreciating flowers for future generations. Many people in modern times like potted plants such as pine trees and bamboo. They have no beautiful colors and no fragrance. Why do people appreciate them? Is to appreciate its charm.
The color, fragrance, posture and rhyme of flower appreciation are the traditional standards of flower appreciation in China. In this standard, rhyme is internal beauty, color, fragrance and posture are external beauty, and only the unity of internal and external beauty is the real beauty.
3. Turn over the history of China literature, from Qu Yuan's "The Sacrifice of Lampe", Tao Yuanming's "Picking Chrysanthemums", Li Bai's "Drunken Flowers", Du Fu's "Tears on Flowers", Bai Juyi's "Chanting Lotus Willow" and even Lin Bu's "Mei Feihe", China has countless romantic articles about flowers and plants, and created many excellent works with flowers as the theme.
Among China's flower literature works, the number is the largest and the achievement is the highest. China's earliest collection of poems-< <; & gt In 305 articles, there are 132 kinds of flowers. It was not until the Six Dynasties that there was a typical flower-chanting poem, which lasted for a long time and later extended to ci. Liu Yuxi has poems about peach blossoms and apricot blossoms; Du Mu wrote poems with apricot flowers and litchi flowers; Coupled with worship, many famous sentences about flowers by Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Lin Bu and poets of past dynasties, as well as their anecdotes about flowers, have been passed down to this day. Besides poetry, there are many famous novels and plays about flowers. For example, Tang Xianzu's famous drama & gt, Pingju << becomes a medium >>, and Pu Songling's famous collection of short stories in Qing Dynasty & gt have many chapters, such as>,<& lt Huang Ying >>,< Lotus Princess >>,< Lotus Sannianzi >> and so on. The protagonists have created literary images like Hua Xian and Hua Jing. Among China's classical novels, chanting flowers is the most abundant. The representative work of Cao Xueqin, GT, ingeniously "planted" dozens of famous flowers and trees in the Grand View Garden, and organically unified dozens of poems about flowers in the novel as clues to unfold the story, as a means to express the characters' character and the ending of the author's feelings. Happiness takes flowers as a play, sadness takes flowers as pain, and transforms the natural beauty of flowers into the beauty of literature and art in a superb way.
The same flower can be compared or symbolized by different authors. In addition, the same flower and the same author will create works with different contents and feelings due to different writing time and experience.
4, Lover Grass: fluffy and light, like a cloud, often scattered on the surface or gap of the main flower, increasing the sense of layering, playing a role in setting off, setting off and filling, the most indispensable flower in wedding flowers.
Carnation symbolizes maternal love and is a flower that sympathizes with mother, so it should be sent on Mother's Day and mother's birthday. Send this flower to show sympathy when you visit the patient in the hospital.
Sunflowers are bright and energetic and can be given to boyfriends in love; Golden color should be given to lovers.
Red roses symbolize love and sincere and pure love. People often regard it as a token of love, synonymous with love, and the first choice flower for Valentine's Day. Red Moon Ji also expresses cuteness. White roses symbolize respect and nobility. White rose buds also symbolize girls. Pink rose: for first love. Black rose: a symbol of individuality and creativity. Blue-purple roses mean precious and rare. Orange roses symbolize youth and beauty. Yellow rose apologizes. Green and white roses represent innocence, frugality or childlike innocence. Two-color roses indicate more contradictions or interests. The tricolor rose symbolizes erudition and affection. In the flower market, roses, roses and roses are commonly known as roses. Roses used as cut flowers are actually inbreeding varieties of Chinese rose. Therefore, it is not so much a rose as a rose. Rose is known as the "queen of flowers" because of its graceful posture and gorgeous colors. Rose is often used in various ceremonial occasions.
Birds of paradise symbolize freedom, happiness, happiness, auspiciousness and freedom, and should be given to relatives and friends; It should be from my birthday. I wish the old man a long life as a crane.
Autumn, cotinus coggygria leaves, weathered, are still true, which means sincerity.
Gerbera, also known as hibiscus, symbolizes perseverance, is not afraid of difficulties, and likes to pursue a rich life. Single-petal variety represents warmth, and double-petal variety represents enthusiasm. Shanghainese like to decorate their new houses with hibiscus flowers tied in bouquets at wedding celebrations. With the meaning of harmony, the newlyweds respect and love each other, and the wife supports her husband's career. African chrysanthemums are radial, often used as the main body of flower arrangement, and are arranged together with ferns and asparagus.
Nandina domestica has smooth stems and thin branches, bleak autumn wind, full branches of red leaves and countless red fruits, which will not fade for a long time. It symbolizes longevity. The humble and affectionate single petal variety of carnation, known as "Daiyu in a flower", should be given to a weak and affectionate girlfriend. Double petals should be given to enthusiastic and free-spirited friends.
Jasmine symbolizes beauty. The flower language in western Europe is amiable. Filipinos regard it as a symbol of loyalty to the motherland and love, and recommend it as the national flower. When guests come, they often weave jasmine flowers into garlands and hang them around their necks to show their welcome and respect.
Lycoris radiata is beautiful and pure, and the success of the performance should be given to the artist; It is advisable to give a gift to your first lover to show purity.
Violet pedicels are stout, inflorescences are huge, flowers are rich, colors are bright, seasonal atmosphere is quiet, and water retention is lasting. Violets symbolize eternal beauty or eternal youth. It is deeply loved by people in Europe and other countries, especially Italians, and is recommended as the national flower.
Calla lily symbolizes "piety, eternal unity and good luck". At weddings in Europe and America, it is common for brides to hold flowers in their hands. Rich bamboo is elegant and exquisite, symbolizing good fortune. A little processing can produce the artistic effect of "green lily". It can also be used as a small and medium-sized potted plant to decorate the hall.
Anthurium is passionate and will last forever in festive days such as weddings and celebrations. Should be given to warm and generous friends; Monosyllabic branch means "it is difficult to sing with one hand."
Phalaenopsis is shaped like a colorful butterfly, and its flowers are beautiful and very decorative. . . Phalaenopsis represents that I love you and is an important flower material in the bride's bouquet.
The leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens are strange in shape, alternating with reality and reality, green and lovely. Tortoise shell bamboo symbolizes health and longevity, and it is a good product to bless the birthday of elders.
Baihui symbolizes holiness, holiness, purity and friendship, and Jin Baihe is gorgeous and noble; Bai Baihe is pure and flawless, expressing his support for the cause; It is advisable to send the bride, which means that the future life is full of sunshine.
A string of bright red flowers is suitable for film decoration, flower bed arrangement and holiday decoration. A string of red represents love, a string of white represents energy, and a string of purple represents wisdom. Haitang symbolizes the beloved. When people's love encounters twists and turns, they often use Haitang as a metaphor. The ancients called it heartbroken flower, which was used to express the sadness of parting between men and women.
In Ao Shuang, the weathered cockscomb is regarded as a symbol of eternal love or unchanging love. In Europe and America, the flowers given to lovers for the first time are flaming cockscomb flowers, meaning eternal love.
The leaves and branches of Cordyceps sinensis are evergreen and drooping, and there are many red fruits. It is often used as a filling material or background for flower arrangement. Cordyceps sinensis symbolizes coarseness and thinness, and its appearance is "majestic" but its heart is "considerate". From the solstice of winter to the spring, the longevity flowers with dense branches and leaves and flowers are in full bloom, hence the name. It is a good gift for the elderly or friends to celebrate their birthdays or Spring Festival.
Dendrobium is beautiful, brightly colored and has a long flowering period. It, together with Cattleya, Phalaenopsis and Bandai, ranks as the four ornamental orchids with the highest ornamental value and is indispensable in the bride's bouquet.
Tulips symbolize sacredness, happiness and victory. Different colors have different meanings: red tulip-it means I love you. Purple tulips-show loyal love. Yellow tulips-for hopeless love. White tulip-means lovelorn. In Europe, people express their deep love for their beloved lovers and often send a bunch of red tulips. Tulip is the national flower of Holland and Belgium.
5. Ten Famous Flowers in China
Ten famous flowers are our pride, because they belong to China.
Since the founding of New China, China has held two mass national famous flower selection activities. Plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, rose, azalea, camellia, lotus, osmanthus, narcissus and other 10 traditional famous flowers deserve this crown. Every face of them makes us feel kind and familiar, perhaps planted on our balcony, perhaps growing in our yard, or blooming in the garden where we often go for a walk. ...
The ten famous flowers belong to China and should belong to the world. It is also the wish of China flower lovers to let these traditional famous flowers go global and become famous overseas. Only by strengthening the protection of the germplasm resources of traditional famous flowers and cultivating more new varieties on the basis of rich resources can China's traditional famous flowers shine brilliantly in the world garden.
Shuang Ling aoxue plum blossom
Plum blossoms are native to southwest China and south of the Yangtze River, and can be cultivated in the open field and potted indoors in the north. Plum blossom is a deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae, with purple-brown or grayish-brown trunk, green branchlets and ovate to broadly ovate leaves. In early spring, flowers can be first and then leaves, 5 petals. The main colors are red, pink and white. , elegant and fragrant. Drupe is nearly spherical, and the fruiting period is June-July. Gardens are mostly used in courtyard greening or potted plants.
The spirit of plum blossom's proud snow and cold resistance symbolizes the indomitable great character of the Chinese nation.
peony
Peony is graceful and elegant, and is known as "the king of flowers". It is a symbol of prosperity, happiness and happiness of the Chinese nation. Peony is cultivated in Heze, Shandong Province and Luoyang, Henan Province, with about 500 horticultural varieties. Peony is a deciduous shrub of Paeoniaceae, with a plant height of 1 to 2 meters, alternate leaves, twice or thrice pinnate compound leaves, and flowers are solitary at the top of the branches of the year, with beautiful appearance and rich colors, including red, pink, yellow, white, green and purple. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruit ripens in September. You can sow seeds, divide plants and propagate by grafting.
Peony can be artificially flowered. If it needs to bloom in the Spring Festival, the seedlings will be potted and put in a cold room after the autumn begins. 1 11in late October, the seedlings were moved into a greenhouse at 18℃ to 25℃ for maintenance and management, properly fertilized and watered, and blossomed after 50 to 60 days. Peony flower branches can be used as cut flowers, and the root bark can be used as medicine, which has the effect of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain.
Chrysanthemum morifolium
Chrysanthemum is a traditional famous flower in China, which can be divided into three types according to plant morphology. One is a unique chrysanthemum with large flower heads and strong plants; Secondly, cut chrysanthemum is widely cultivated all over the world; The third kind is ground cover chrysanthemum, which has low plants, small flowers and strong resistance. Chrysanthemum is especially loved by people because it is independent and unyielding in first frost.
Chrysanthemum morifolium is a perennial herb in Compositae, with erect and multi-branched stems, ovate or broadly lanceolate leaves and deeply divided edges. Flower heads are solitary or clustered at the top of stems, and there are many horticultural varieties. Common cultivated flowers are rose red, purple red, dark red, yellow, white and green. There is also a flower and two colors. The flowering period is from June 10 to February 12. Cutting method is often used in production, and some chrysanthemums can be grafted with Artemisia annua as rootstock, such as cliff chrysanthemum and mixed chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, which can bloom in about 70 days with 8 ~ 10 hours of sunshine every day. Chrysanthemum can be used as medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat, improving eyesight and lowering blood pressure.
Elegant orchid
Orchids are known as "gentlemen in flowers" and "the fragrance of kings". China orchids, also known as terrestrial orchids, can be divided into Cymbidium, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum. Wild species are distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Central Plains and mountainous areas of North China. Orchids like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment, and are suitable for growth and reproduction in loose humus soil, which requires proper fertilization and timely watering. Generally speaking, after May Day, the seedling pots should be moved to a cool and ventilated shade shed for maintenance and management, and then moved indoors after beginning of autumn, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds and timely flowering. Orchids can decorate the study and living room and purify the air. Branches of orchids can be used as cut flowers.
Passionate rose
Rose is not only a traditional flower in China, but also a famous flower in the world. It is widely cultivated all over the world. According to the size and morphological characteristics of flowers, Chinese rose can be divided into four categories: modern Chinese rose, abundant Chinese rose, vine Chinese rose and miniature Chinese rose. As the name suggests, Chinese rose flowers have flowers in every month and bloom in all seasons. Modern Chinese rose is a hybrid of China Yueyuehong rose and European Rosa grandiflora, with the highest flowering period in May and September. Vines have vine-like branches and big flowers. The flowers of the rich rose are medium and dense, and the flowering period can last from mid-May to 10. Miniature rose has low plant type and small flowers, which bloom all year round and is suitable for indoor potted plants. Roses are mostly used in gardens in courtyard greening and can also be planted in characteristic gardens. Cutting and grafting propagation can be bud grafting or grafting. Chinese rose can extract essence, which can be used as food and cosmetic perfume; Flower as medicine has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
Azaleas in full bloom
Rhododendron is an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub of Rhododendron in Ericaceae, and it is a world-famous ornamental flower. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 800 species of rhododendron in the world, and as many as 650 species are native to China.
In recent years, China has introduced a large number of rhododendrons. Rhododendron occidentalis has low plant type, dense flowers and rich colors, which is suitable for indoor potted plants. The flowering period coincides with the Spring Festival in China and is favored by flower lovers. Rhododendron likes warm and semi-cloudy environment and is suitable for the growth of acidic humus soil. Cutting, high-branch layering or grafting propagation. Indoor potted plants should be watered after flowering, and the soil can be "wet and dry alternately". Too dry or too wet soil can easily cause a lot of fallen leaves. Usually in the middle of April, move the seedling pots to outdoor ventilated trees, and do not expose them to strong light. Regular watering of fermented grass water or 0.2% ferrous sulfate water can prevent the leaves from turning yellow. Rhododendron can be used as medicine, especially the wild Rhododendron in Northeast China and North China, and the curative effect is very remarkable.
Fresh and refined lotus
Lotus, also known as lotus and water hibiscus, is a famous aquatic flower in China with a long cultivation history. Lotus is a perennial aquatic herb of Nymphaeaceae, commonly known as "lotus root", with thick roots and many nodes, and shield-shaped leaves, which are divided into "floating leaves" and "standing leaves". Flowers can be divided into single petals and double petals, and the colors are pink, yellow and white, as well as multi-color varieties. Lotus is cultivated all over China, some of them are considerable flowers, some can produce lotus roots, and some specialize in lotus seeds. Lotus is an important aquatic flower that adorns waterscape gardens. Water lilies, water onions and cattails are planted here, which makes the waterscape garden particularly beautiful and spectacular. The flowering period of lotus is from July to August, and the fruit ripens in September. Sowing, planting lotus root and breeding. Lotus root and lotus seed are edible, and lotus root and lotus plumule are used as medicine, which have the effect of clearing away heat and calming the nerves.
Magnificent camellia
Camellia is a "charming guest among flowers", which is evergreen all the year round and blooms in red and pink in winter and spring. Flowers are like peony, single and double. Camellia is an evergreen shrub or tree of Theaceae, with alternate oval, tough and shiny leaves. Produced in China, Yunnan and Sichuan, it is mostly used in courtyard greening in the south and potted indoors in the north. Camellia likes warm and humid climate and needs shade in summer, which is suitable for acid soil growth. Sowing, cutting and grafting propagation. The flowering period of camellia can be controlled artificially. If it is necessary to bloom in the Spring Festival, the light and temperature can be increased in early February. Under normal circumstances, flowers can bloom in 40 days at the temperature of 25℃. If it is necessary to delay flowering, the seedling pot can be placed in a cold room at 2℃ ~ 3℃. If May Day flowering is needed, it can be heated 40 days in advance.
Shili piaoxiang osmanthus
Osmanthus fragrans bloomed before and after the National Day, and "golden wind is cool and ten miles are fragrant" is a symbol of good luck. Osmanthus fragrans is a small evergreen tree of Oleaceae, which is mostly used in courtyard greening in southern China. Indoor potted plants in the north. There are many varieties of osmanthus fragrans, and four kinds of osmanthus fragrans are commonly cultivated: Jingui (golden yellow), Yin Gui (yellow white), Dangui (orange red) and Sijigui (ivory white). Osmanthus fragrans can be cultivated by grafting and layering. Branch grafting or docking in spring and bud grafting in autumn. The rootstock can be osmanthus seedlings or Ligustrum lucidum. Osmanthus fragrans has high economic value. Flowers can be used to extract spices and smoke scented tea.
Ling Bo Yuli Narcissus
Narcissus, known as "Ling Boxian", is a traditional famous flower in China. Zhangzhou narcissus is the most famous. It has a big bulb, beautiful shape, many flowers and rich fragrance, which is deeply loved by Chinese people and sells well in the international market. Narcissus is an ornamental flower in winter, which can be cultivated in water or potted. It can be propagated by bulbs, and the common cultivated varieties are "Jinzhan Yintai" (single petal flower) and "Yulinglong" (double petal flower).
Narcissus stems and leaves are delicate and fragrant. It can be used to decorate the study and living room, which is particularly energetic. Narcissus stems and leaves are juicy and poisonous, and should not be eaten by mistake. Eating by mistake can cause livestock to twitch. External application of mashed bulbs can treat sores and carbuncle.
6. The product name is called the famous country of origin.
Jin Fenghua in the plum blossom snow in Wuxi and Hangzhou.
Peony kings Luoyang and Heze
Hermits in Chrysanthemum Beijing and Shanghai
Orchid Konggu Jiaren Guangzhou
Queens among Chinese rose flowers in Beijing and Changzhou
Beauty is in Yunnan and beauty is in Tibet.
Concubine in Camellia of Yunnan and Zhejiang
Gentlemen in Lotus: Wuhan and Hangzhou
Xianke in Osmanthus fragrans in Jiangsu and Hubei
Shanghai Zhangzhou Shuixian Ling Boxian
7. Rose
Modern rose
Deciduous shrubs or vines of the genus Rosaceae. Also known as Chinese rose and modern Chinese rose. It is a hybrid variety group of Rosa plants through interspecific hybridization and long-term breeding. There are thorns on the stem. The leaves are odd pinnate compound leaves with 3-9 leaflets. Flowers vary in size, solitary or corymbose, solitary or double. When the receptacle matures, it will become a fleshy berry-like false fruit, which is called strong micro-fruit, and the fruit contains most achenes. It is one of the highest achievements of modern plant breeding because of its diverse colors, good fragrance, beautiful shape and endless flowers in four seasons. Modern rose is different from ancient rose in ornamental characteristics and chromosome composition, and also different from rose and rose: "rose" refers to rose; It blooms in China, Japan, North Korea and the Far East of the Soviet Union in one season; Roses generally refer to Rosa plants, such as Rosa, Rosa multiflora and so on.
A brief history China is the hometown of Chinese rose (R.chinensis), perfume rose (R.odorata), giant rose (R.gig antea), wild rose, rose, rose and its varieties and varieties, with a long cultivation history. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, roses were planted in the palace garden. It was cultivated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty. Rose was first recorded in the Northern Song Dynasty, and many new varieties with different shapes and colors appeared. By the Ming dynasty, the cultivation scope was wider and there were more varieties. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records that "Chinese rose is planted everywhere". Wang's Qunfangpu lists 20 different types and varieties. By the Qing Dynasty, the species and quantity of roses and Chinese rose in China were among the highest in the world.
Written records of roses in Europe can be traced back to the 9th century BC. But the long-term cultivation and breeding are mainly French roses, Venetian roses and Turkish roses. Until the end of 18 and the beginning of 19, many rare varieties of Chinese rose were introduced, and after repeated hybridization, new breakthroughs were made in modern Chinese rose breeding. 1. Lafite 1837 bred the earliest hybrid Changchun rose line (HP for short) near Paris. After France, Yue Ji crossed with the perfume rose variety, and the first hybrid perfume rose variety was bred in 1867, which created a new system of modern rose. Its main advantages are that the pedicels are tall and straight, the Hua Lun is huge and plump, the double flowers bloom all year round, the color and fragrance are rich, and the buds are sharp and beautiful (Figure 1). This system is still the main body of modern Chinese rose, with many famous varieties. Another new rose system, chrysanthemum rose (abbreviated as F. or F 1. ), which was bred by Danish breeder S. Pu in 19 1 1. It has the advantages of beautiful flower shape, long stalk, cold resistance, heat resistance, flowering and richness (Figure 2), and has now become a new system second only to hybrid perfume rose. Zhuanghua Rose (Gr for short) bred by 1950 has the intermediate characteristics of hybrid perfume rose and multi-flowered rose, and is gradually becoming popular.
In recent years, miniature roses (abbreviated as Min) have also attracted people's attention, and formed a new small, exquisite and colorful rose system. In addition, the climbing rose with vine characteristics has also experienced a complicated variety evolution process, which has played a certain role in climbing greening and the development of rose garden. (see color map)
Cultivation management: Chinese rose likes sunshine, fertilizer, drought resistance and water accumulation, so it should be planted in a sunny and ventilated environment. It is cold-tolerant, can tolerate the low temperature of-10 ~- 15℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃. When the temperature is 30℃ in summer, it is in a semi-dormant state. I like the slightly acidic soil with rich organic matter, good air permeability and pH 6.5 ~ 6.8. The relative humidity in the growing period is 75 ~ 80%. In spring, new buds grow vigorously, and water and fertilizer should be sufficient; When it is hot in summer, fertilization should be stopped to prevent sun exposure, but there should be no shortage of water. When new shoots grow again in autumn, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to enhance the cold resistance of plants. It takes about 5-6 weeks from germination to flowering. Apply more fertilizer after flowering until the next round of flowering begins to sprout; After germination, do not apply fertilizer or lightly apply thin fertilizer water. Fertilization is based on the principle of less application and more application.
Pruning methods vary with region, climate, variety and type. The basic purpose is to cut off the staggered branches and lateral branches to keep the plant shape symmetrical, ventilated and transparent; Cutting off adventitious buds and root tillers sprouting on the rootstock; Cut off dead branches, weak branches and properly cut off old branches to gradually update them; Selecting annual branches with outward axillary buds to form suitable buds. The incision should be smooth, close to the top of the outward axillary bud, with an inward angle of 45, and pruning should generally be carried out before the growing season. Shrubby rose varieties with weak growth should be re-cut, and those with strong growth should be lightly cut. Re-pruning can delay the flowering period, so pruning is also a way to adjust the flowering period. The purpose of pruning climbing roses is to make them grow and climb within a predetermined range, which usually takes 3 ~ 4 years or more to form.
Roses are relatively cold-resistant, and generally do not need to take cold-proof measures except for varieties with poor cold resistance in the north. Potted roses should be put into the greenhouse or cellar when the temperature drops to 5℃ at night, and the temperature should be kept at about 0℃, and the pot soil should be moist, and can only be removed when the temperature is stable at 5℃ at night. Cold-tolerant varieties can be allowed to overwinter naturally. Powdery mildew is a serious disease, which spreads fastest when the temperature difference between day and night exceeds 10℃ in late summer and early autumn, while black spot mostly occurs in humid climate. Common pests are aphids, red spiders and scale insects.
Roses are usually propagated by cutting or grafting. When cultivating new varieties, they are propagated by sowing. Grafting mostly adopts bud grafting method, and rootstock mostly adopts Rosa davurica or Tang Baiyu with strong stress resistance.
The application of roses can be planted in flower beds, flower borders, or lawn edges, or as the prospect of evergreen trees, and can also be arranged into rose gardens according to types and varieties. Climbing roses can be used as decorative materials for scaffolding, fences, arches and walls. Potted roses and cut flowers can be used for interior decoration. In addition, Chinese rose can be used as medicine. Some flowers can extract essence.
8. Chlorophytum: It can absorb 95% of carbon monoxide and 85% of formaldehyde in the air. Generally, 1-2 pots of chlorophytum are raised indoors, and the toxic gases in the air can be completely absorbed.
Osmanthus fragrans: After 48 days of planting in chlorine polluted areas, one kilogram of leaves can absorb 4.8 grams of chlorine and mercury vapor.
Asparagus: It can absorb harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and chlorine gas, and can also secrete gases that kill bacteria, reducing the occurrence of infectious diseases such as colds, typhoid fever and laryngitis.
May: It is particularly sensitive to sulfide and fluoride pollution. Once it appears in the environment, stripes will appear on the leaves, or even yellow and fall off, which is a warning to people.
Iron-bearing: also known as Juyucca, it has a strong absorption capacity for a variety of harmful gases (such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine gas, ammonia gas, etc.). ). It is an ideal plant for indoor and outdoor greening and decoration.
Cactus: It releases oxygen, absorbs harmful substances in the air and decomposes them into nutrients for absorption and utilization. Its ability to absorb harmful gases ranks first among plants, so it is known as "air purifier".
Rose: can absorb hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen fluoride, benzene, ethyl phenol, ether and other gases; It is also quite resistant to sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
Rhododendron: It is an ideal flower to resist sulfur dioxide pollution, such as Rhododendron rockrock, which can germinate and sprout normally at a distance of more than 300 meters from the sulfur dioxide pollution source.
Hibiscus: It can absorb harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride and zinc oxide, and can grow normally at a distance of150m from fluorine pollution source.
Wei Zi: Also known as Hundred Days Red. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, chlorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and other harmful gases.
Camellia: After absorbing about10g sulfur per kilogram of dry leaves, it can still grow well. It can resist the invasion of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, chromic acid and nitric acid smoke, and purify the atmosphere.
Milan: It can absorb sulfur dioxide and chlorine in the atmosphere. Smoked in the air containing 65438±0 ppm chlorine for 4 hours, the chlorine absorption of one kilogram of dry leaves was 0.0048 g.
Peach tree: it is particularly sensitive to sulfide and chloride that pollute the environment and can be used to monitor the above harmful substances.
Pomegranate tree: it has a wide range of pollution resistance, can absorb sulfur dioxide, and has absorption and resistance to chlorine, hydrogen chloride, ozone, salicylic acid, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
Rhizoma Arisaematis: It can absorb 80% benzene and 50% trichloroethylene in the air. Magnolia grandiflora can absorb toxic gases such as carbon dioxide and chlorine.
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