Soldiers in special forces can also refer to special forces in general. Refers to soldiers who can perform some unconventional tasks. The organizational structure of special forces is generally not very large, accounting for less than 3% of the whole army, but the combat effectiveness of special forces is very strong, so now all countries in the world are vigorously developing special forces.
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Marathon was originally a place name in Greece. In 490 BC, the Greek army repelled the invasion of the Persian army in the Marathon Plain. The messenger Fedipides ran from marathon to Athens. After reporting the news of victory, he fell to the ground and died of exhaustion. 1896 In the first Olympic Games, Coubertin adopted the construction of the competition event set up by the historian Michel Breal and named it "Marathon". The race follows the route run by Ferdinand Peters, with a distance of about 40 kilometers. After more than ten years, the distance of the marathon has been kept at about 40 kilometers. 1908 when the 4th Olympic Games was held in London, in order to facilitate the British royal family to watch the marathon, the starting point was set under the balcony of Windsor Palace and the ending point was set at the Olympic Stadium. The distance from the starting point to the finishing point is measured as 26 miles and 385 yards, which is converted into 42. 195 kilometers. IAAF later determined this distance as the standard distance for marathon running. The women's marathon started late, and 1984 was included in the 23rd Olympic Games.
1896 After the first Olympic Games, marathons were widely held all over the world. The United States began to hold the Boston Marathon from 1897, and in 2000 it held 104, making it the oldest marathon in the world. Marathon is held on the expressway, which can be a round-trip route with the same starting point and ending point, or a one-way route with different starting points and ending points. During the competition, a kilometer sign marked with the distance traveled must be placed along the way, and a beverage station should be set up every 5 kilometers to provide drinks, and a water station should be set up between two beverage stations to provide drinking water or water. Only those who pass the pre-competition physical examination can sign up for the competition. Due to the great differences in competition routes and conditions, IAAF does not set a world record, but only announces the best results in the world.
On June 65438+1 October1day, 2004, IAAF announced a new decision: road races and walking races, including marathons, will bid farewell to the era of only the best results in the world and begin to have a world record.
After IAAF announced this decision, British long-distance runner Radcliffe was officially recognized as the world record holder of women's10km, 20km and marathon, while Polish Craiz Nowski was the first world record holder of men's 50km race.
(As of May 2007, 13)
Men's Marathon World Record:
Kenyan Paul Tergat (born in June 1969, 17) scored 2 hours, 4 minutes and 55 seconds. The 30th Berlin Marathon, founded on September 28th, 2003.
Women's Marathon World Record:
Paula Radcliffe (born on19731February 7, 2003 17) was created in London on April 3, 2003, with a time of 2 hours 15 minutes and 25 seconds.
In the spring of 492 BC, Persia wanted to conquer the beautiful and rich Greek city-states. Persia sent a large number of warships to invade Greece across the sea with them, which started the famous Greek-Persian war in history. The Persian navy was hit by a hurricane at sea, and 300 warships and more than 20 thousand naval officers and men were all buried at the bottom of the sea. The Persian army lost the echo of the navy, like a single arm, and was attacked by the Thracians. The Persian commander was seriously injured. The military invasion of Greece had to be abandoned halfway.
The Persian king flew into a rage. The next year, he fantasized about surrendering to Greece without fighting. He sent messengers to the Greek city-states to ask for "water and soil", which meant to make them surrender to Persia. The small city-states in central and northern Greece were afraid of the Persian Empire's force and all bowed their knees and surrendered. But can Athens and Sparta, the two largest city-states in Greece, keep their heads down? The Athenians threw the Persian emissary into the sea from the cliff, and the Spartans threw the emissary into the well, so that they could get "water and soil?" .
Darius had never been so humiliated in his life. He became angry from embarrassment and decided to send the most experienced general to Greece for the second time.
In 490 BC, Persian troops crossed the Aegean Sea and landed in the Marathon Plain on the outskirts of Athens.
Athens, in a dangerous situation, while mobilizing and strengthening its alert, sent Filipi Des, a long-distance runner at that time, to seek help from the Spartan city-state more than 200 kilometers away day and night. The long-distance runner reached Sparta at an amazing speed in a little more than a day. But the Spartans refused to send troops on the grounds that their ancestors stipulated that they could not send troops before the full moon. Philip Bede begged, the Spartans were indifferent, and Philip Bede had no choice but to rush back to the marathon to save his life.
The Athenians were not discouraged when they heard that the Spartans would not send troops. They immediately organized all citizens, even slaves, to join the army, rushed to the marathon and occupied a powerful terrain.
According to the laws of Athens, the 10 generals in Athens should take turns to control the military power during the expedition, each for one day. Major military actions must be discussed by General 10 in advance, and finally a resolution is made on the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority. A military conference was held under the auspices of Kalius, the military consul of Athens. At the meeting, General 10 had a heated debate on passive defense or active attack. A general named Miltiades advocated taking the initiative. When voting, 5 votes to 5 votes. Consul Kalis supported General Miltiades. In order to give full play to Miltiades's command ability, other generals voluntarily gave up the right to take turns as commander-in-chief, leaving Miltiades to command the war alone.
At that time, there were 10000 troops in Athens, plus reinforcements 1000, but the total number was only 1 1000. The Persian army has 65,438+10,000 people and is well equipped. In the case that the enemy was strong and we were weak, Miltiades decided not to fight recklessly with the enemy, but to lengthen the front slightly and arrange elite infantry on both sides, so that the troops on the front line were weak.
On the morning of September 2, 490 BC, on the eve of the Great War, Miltiades mobilized Greek soldiers. He said, "It is up to you whether Athens will remain free forever or put on the yoke of slavery." His inspiring words inspired the soldiers' determination to defend their motherland. The fierce battle began and the Greek soldiers attacked below. The Persian army didn't know what it was, so they fought back immediately. The Greek army retreated while fighting, and the Persian army advanced step by step. At the critical moment, the soldiers lying in ambush on both sides rushed out with lightning speed and attacked the Persian army from both sides. The Persian army chased the Greeks for too long. At this time, surrounded by Greek troops, they could not care for each other. It hurriedly fled to the seaside, trying to get on the boat and escape. The Greek army chased to the seaside, engaged with the Persian army and seized the warships. Kinal, a Greek warrior, desperately grasped a warship with his hand, and his hand was cut off by the enemy. He held back the pain, grabbed the warship with his other hand, and finally caught a warship with his comrades. In this battle, the Persians left 6400 bodies and 7 warships. The Athenians sacrificed 192 people, including consul Kalius and several generals. That night, when 2000 forward soldiers sent by Sparta arrived, all they saw in the moonlight was the battlefield full of dead bodies.
Miltiades was anxious to tell the people of Athens who were anxiously waiting for the news of victory, and he chose long-distance runner Ferdinand Peters to deliver the news. The long-distance runner was injured at that time, but in order to let his compatriots know the news of victory earlier, he ran desperately. When he ran to the central square of Athens, he was out of breath. He shouted excitedly, "Athenians, let's have fun. We … won!" " As soon as the cry fell, he fell to the scene and never woke up.
The Persian war lasted nearly half a century. Marathon was the first battle between the Greeks and Persians, which greatly inspired the Greeks to strive for freedom and independence.
In order to commemorate the victory of this battle and commend the contribution of dutiful hero Ferdinand Peters, 1896, the Athenians stipulated a new race-marathon. The distance is the distance from the marathon to Athens, which is determined to be 40 kilometers and 200 meters according to the route that Fidi Pides walked in that year. 1920, after careful determination, the distance was changed to 40km195m. The names of Phidippides and Marathon will remain in the world for generations with the Olympic flame.
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(2) Greek place names. 30 kilometers northeast of Athens. In the Greek-Persian War (492- 449 BC), in 490 BC, King Darius I of Persia invaded the west across the sea, attacked the North Pole, and landed in Marathon Bay northeast of Athens. The Athenian army fought bravely and defeated the Persian army in the Marathon Plain. History is called the battle of marathon. In order to quickly tell the Athenians the news of victory, Greece sent Phidippides, the champion of long-distance running, from marathon to Athens Central Square (42km 195m). Pheidides fell to the ground and died after receiving the news. To commemorate this event, 1896 set up the "marathon" project when the first Olympic Games was held in Athens. Up to now, historical sites still exist, making it a tourist attraction.
Marathon is an ancient town in southeastern Greece. Its name comes from Phoenician marathus, which means "rich in fennel", and it is named after countless fennel trees growing here in ancient times. This is the name of marathon in sports.
New York Marathon
The New York Marathon held in June 165438+ 10 attracts a large number of participants from all over the world every year. The motorcade departs from Staten Island at 10: 30 in the morning and passes through Willazano Bridge, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Central Park, with a distance of 42.195km. Gé rard Athlan, a 56-year-old information engineer, said, "I have participated in the New York Marathon for 10 years. As long as I can run, I will come again. "