People are different, so the symptoms of depression vary from person to person. Are you familiar with one or more of the following symptoms?
I feel depressed almost every day.
Depression and sobbing are both symptoms of depression. However, many people with depression feel numb and not sad.
Lack of interest/fun and motivation in daily activities.
Depression makes people indifferent to things that are usually considered very important. You may have to force yourself to finish what you have to do. Even a small thing seems to be a burden. Many people with depression say that they are bored and lazy; Although they have no sleep problems, they always feel very tired. Decreased libido is also common.
You may often feel chest tightness and flustered. Going to the hospital for examination often fails to find out the reason.
Change of appetite.
Depression can lead to an increase or decrease in appetite, so people with depression may gain or lose weight.
Sleep problems.
Many patients with depression suffer from insomnia, which is often manifested as difficulty in falling asleep, shallow sleep and dreaminess, easy to wake up, and early awakening (waking up at 2-3 am, and then falling asleep is difficult). Early awakening is often one of the characteristic symptoms of patients with depression.
Other depressed patients may sleep too much, or need to doze off frequently in addition to normal night sleep.
Anxiety or fidgeting.
People with depression are often restless, sometimes reaching the level of agitation. Anxiety can lead to impatience and anger, and even low-level stress is difficult to cope with.
Tired or weak.
Guilt, uselessness and insecurity.
People with depression usually feel negative about themselves, the world around them and the future. They may feel guilty about the past. Many people with depression feel that they are useless and think that depression is a punishment for what they have done or not done. Depression can lead to insecurity and dependence on others, as well as untidy clothes and poor personal hygiene.
It's hard to concentrate on thinking normally.
Depression makes it difficult to think clearly and even make small decisions. People with depression usually have difficulty in concentrating. Patients' work and daily life become inefficient, and frustration and disgust may occur.
Most patients with depression have different physical symptoms and feel unwell all over the body.
Suicidal thoughts
Many people with depression want to die to relieve their pain. Patients often have thoughts and behaviors of death to end pain, pain and confusion. s
If you want to hurt yourself and others, please see a psychologist at once.
If you or someone you care about has the above four or more symptoms for more than two weeks; Symptoms are serious enough to interfere with daily activities or have suicidal thoughts; Then please see a psychologist in order to make a correct diagnosis. You or your loved ones may suffer from depression.
If you have depression, the symptoms that hurt you may also hurt your family, your work performance and your interpersonal relationship.
Remember: this is the real symptom of a real disease. Don't indulge in self-blame and bad emotions. On the contrary, you should see a doctor and follow his advice, so that you can return to your normal life as soon as possible.
CCTV International March 3, 200516: 06
Professor Chen Yanfang, deputy director of China Psychiatric Association, huilongguan hospital, Beijing, is engaged in the comparative study of drug treatment and psychological education for schizophrenia patients, the study of classification and diagnostic criteria of mental disorders, and the study of disease diagnosis scale. , and edited the book Antipsychotic Electrotherapy. (Left)
Chief physician Di Xiaolan, director of Beijing huilongguan hospital Department, Chinese Medical Association, China Mental Health Association, member of Beijing Post-disaster Psychological Crisis Intervention Committee and member of Beijing Scientific Research Achievements Appraisal Committee. He is good at the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of various mental diseases. Published more than 90 popular science articles. (right)
Hello, host, audience and friends! This is the live broadcast of the road to health. Welcome to watch and participate in our program. I pass by a community fitness center every day when I go to work. You can always see a group of old people playing Tai Chi and dancing Yangko there. There are two big characters written on the wall. Many people actually find it difficult to have fun, especially in the fierce social competition. It is really difficult for everyone to find happiness and keep a happy mood. Then, if this unhappy mood lasts for a long time, it will also lead to depression.
On the morning of September 8, 2003, Yang Yuqing, a female graduate student of a university in Shanghai, fell from the 23rd floor of the International Student Building and died. Why did she end her young life in such a tragic way?
Narrator: 1978, Yang Yuqing was born in an ordinary family in Qingdao. As an only child, she has been smart and diligent since childhood. 1997, Yang Yuqing was admitted to the School of Journalism of a university in Shanghai with the first place in Qingdao. After graduation, she was admitted to the graduate school with the first place. In the eyes of ordinary people, Yang Yuqing has every reason to live in the future. However, when the graduate student was about to graduate, she chose to give up her life. What is the reason? In June, 2004, 165438+ 10, that is, one year after Yang Yuqing committed suicide by jumping off a building, Yang Yuqing's mother told her daughter the reasons for her suicide in a training course on depression and suicide prevention for college students attended by teachers from universities nationwide 150. It turned out that Yang Yuqing suffered from depression for a long time and could not bear the painful mental torture, so he finally chose to commit suicide.
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For a long time, due to the influence of secular ideas, Yang Mu has often been called a mental derangement and a literary fanatic by public opinion, which has caused great pressure on them, especially for college students or graduate students like my daughter, who are even more stressed after suffering from this disease and are afraid of being looked down upon by teachers and classmates.
In fact, with the accelerated pace of life and fierce job competition, the problem of depression in today's society has become increasingly prominent. Many familiar public figures also suffer from depression. According to the estimate of the World Health Organization, about1.26,543.8+0 billion people in the world will experience depression for a period of time every year. If mild depression is included, the incidence of depressive symptoms in the world is about 1 1%. At present, there are about 340 million patients with mental depression in the world. It is more than 7 times that of schizophrenic patients. Depression has now become the fourth largest disease in the world, and by 2020, it may become the first major disease after heart disease.
Moderator: I always feel that we will always see some reports, such as some public figures mentioned just now, and outstanding young people like Yang Yuqing. Because of depression, they ended their lives in this way. So how did this depression develop and keep pushing them to death?
Chen Yanfang, in fact, in life, everyone will be more or less depressed. On the long road of life, everyone will have bumps. But people like Yang Yuqing have their own physiological, psychological and social reasons. At the last moment, there was a feeling of detachment. At this time, when her own psychological endurance is poor, she will feel lonely and helpless. And all aspects, including the family, hope that she will always be excellent. Under such pressure, if she can't bear it and feels helpless, then this melancholy mood will become more and more serious and need people's attention.
The owner is unhappy, unhappy, which should be the simplest embodiment of depressed patients.
Depression is a chronic mental illness.
Di Xiaolan is unhappy and depressed, which we often encounter. But there may be some subtle differences between unhappy and depressed emotions and depression. When people talk about depression, they all think it is a disease state. As Yang Yuqing's mother said, her daughter has been suffering from this disease for a long time. When we talk about the relationship between disease and suicide, we have to mention some data. We know that there are many unhappy people in daily life, but not all of them are depressed. Depression can also be divided into mild, moderate and severe. For example, Yang Yuqing may be a patient with severe depression, which belongs to severe depression. About two-thirds of people have thought about suicide or tried to commit suicide. Some of them have a fleeting thought that life is worse than death, while others are persistent and try to commit suicide. This is real depression. According to statistics, there are still a few patients with major depression who end up committing suicide, accounting for about 15% of all major depression. But when it comes to suicide, we have to say sadly that according to international statistics, 90% to 93% of people who commit suicide may have a mental disorder or psychological disorder within one year before his death. Among them, 60% or 70% of this psychological disorder and mental disorder is precisely depression. The risk of suicide caused by depression is relatively high, and the domestic data is relatively low, but it also accounts for about 40% to 50% of the total number of suicides. Recently, we have reported more about the ending like Yang Yuqing.
After all, the result of the host's suicide is an extreme individual phenomenon, so from what they know, how high is the probability of depression?
Chen Yanfang has a high probability of suffering from depression. Why? Everyone's life is not smooth sailing, it is possible. Let's give the simplest example. Let's go to see a very sad movie and make you cry. At this time, your sadness and sympathy are melancholy. But this is short-lived. About half of the depression we are talking about is not a disease, but can be solved through self-regulation. Now let's talk about depression, which is a disease. There are several concepts of depression. First, feeling depressed and depressed, accompanied by many symptoms, are all followed by depression. I feel that my future is dim, my brain is dull, I can't act, I feel very tired, and I am not happy about what I am happy about now. There are also problems with sleep, especially waking up early. As we all know, sleep for a normal person, after a good night's sleep, the next day is happy. When he got up in the morning, he probably thought about how sad I would be today, how I should get through it, and all kinds of problems appeared.
Moderator: Here we have a message about depression.
Population data of depression
1 has become the fifth largest disease affecting human health and will soon rise to the second place.
2. worldwide depression1.2-200 million.
3. The prevalence of depression in western countries is 3-20%.
4. Every year, 1 1 10,000 people in the United States suffer from depression, and the annual loss caused by depression exceeds $20 billion.
5.25-64% of somatic patients are in line with depression.
When Di Xiaolan talks about these data, I also want to make some explanations. Just now we learned in the film that it is a serious disease that affects human beings. Although its severity ranks fifth, its economic loss is second, especially its severity is expected to develop into the second largest disease by 2020. Speaking of economic losses, there is another problem that needs everyone's attention. In the overall economic losses, only less than 1/3 of the losses are really caused by depressed patients. So where did more than two-thirds of the money go? One is that he can't work because of illness and others have to support him. Another is that when he can't realize that he is depressed, such as symptoms of poor sleep, such as headache and stomachache, he may go to the doctor according to these symptoms and spend a lot of money on other expenses. The other is that indirect costs exceed direct costs.
Moderator: Just now, we talked about many unnecessary expenses and performances after the occurrence of depression. Yang Yuqing and her mother are aware of this, so why didn't they get a good intervention? Let's find out.
Narrator 1997 Because of Yang Yuqing's extremely unconventional thoughts and behaviors in dealing with examination questions, her mother took her everywhere to find a psychologist. Because there was no officially listed psychologist in Qingdao at that time, they finally found a doctor who used acupuncture for psychotherapy. From the beginning, the mother and daughter were most worried that their illness would be known by others.
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Mother Yang doesn't want many people to know. Besides, her daughter won the first prize, which is also well-known in Qingdao. I didn't want people to know that her daughter had this problem when she was admitted to college, so she went to the neurology department, where there was no psychological consultation. He sent me to a mental hospital, which was a great blow. Of course, I took my daughter. Later, I heard that two people specialize in psychological counseling and went to the green doctor for another consultation. This seems to be a formal psychological consultation. Later, the doctor said that she had psychological problems and gave her medicine. That medicine is for depression.
After Yang Yuqing went to college, she insisted on going to a hospital in Shanghai.
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What does the reporter tell his classmates every time he goes to see a doctor?
Mother Yang didn't say that it takes two hours to get to the psychological hospital and she has to get up at five or six in the morning.
The reporter said that she was in a dormitory and got up at five or six. How did she explain it to her classmates?
Mother Yang always keeps secrets from her classmates when she talks about menstruation's family or going to other places.
How much do journalist psychologists know about her?
Mother Yang doesn't understand. We are pseudonyms. We were a mental hospital at that time. I don't think we can tell anyone at school, even my own relatives.
Narrator: Yang Yuqing often confides her loneliness and loneliness to her mother in Qingdao by phone, whether she is in university or graduate school. In September 2003, Yang Yuqing committed suicide by jumping off a building, leaving her with heartbreaking pain and endless sadness.
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After Yang's mother and my daughter committed suicide, we felt very ashamed. First of all, we feel ashamed and guilty. We are afraid of people's comments. I don't know what happened, so we avoided all our relatives and friends. But I don't want to think that my daughter is a disease. On the one hand, I want to tell my daughter about it, because my daughter is so poor. I think there may be such a poor child around us. She struggled, she tried. It was really the disease that took her life. Don't say she is weak in other ways.
In the process of seeking medical treatment, the host Yang Yuqing and her daughter have been avoiding, hiding and covering up, which actually reflects the process of seeking medical treatment for such patients.
Di Xiaolan is very representative. The so-called sense of shame may come from two aspects. On the one hand, it comes from a fear of social prejudice, which he dare not say. Yang Yuqing is very typical. It was almost unacceptable to go to a mental hospital, but she was treated rationally. I don't want to admit that some patients have typical depression, which is unacceptable. Speaking of which, let me give you an example: I study psychiatry. When I just graduated, I went to a general hospital for an internship in neurology. There is a female patient who has a headache twice a week. We did all the tests, but we couldn't find the situation. At that time, because I had some basic knowledge, I said something nearby, and I asked you if you could go to a mental hospital. I think you seem depressed. She was angry when she slapped the table. Why are you accusing me of mental illness and even arguing? That was in the 1980s. If someone advises you to see a doctor in a psychiatric department, the patient will never accept it, even if he is in pain. This sense of shame has affected the process of many people seeking medical treatment.
How hidden is the host's attendance up to now?
There are three lows in Chen Yanfang.
Characteristics of Depression in China
1, low awareness rate: most depressive symptoms were ignored, and about 30% patients were never diagnosed.
2. Low recognition rate: the missed diagnosis rate is as high as 60%.
3. Low treatment rate: Only 10% of patients in general hospitals get reasonable treatment.
Our psychologist Di Xiaolan called on the society and our colleagues to understand this disease and actively seek medical treatment.
Moderator: We don't always want to use a public figure to attract everyone's attention because of the trend of depression. Just now we mentioned a word-shame. Professor Chen also talked about many characteristics of depression just now. Let's take a closer look at these symptoms to see if they have a sense of shame, morality and personal qualities. Let's find out.
Chen Yanfang: When we experts study depression, what are the common phenomena? Is not the reason why stigma should exist.
How to identify depression
Mainly depressed, and at least the following four:
1, no interest, no pleasure.
2. Energy loss or fatigue.
3. Mental retardation or excitement.
4, low self-evaluation, self-blame or guilt.
5. Lenovo is difficult or the ability to think consciously declines.
6. Repeated thoughts of wanting to die or suicidal self-harm behavior.
7. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, early awakening or excessive sleep.
8. Loss of appetite or significant weight loss.
9. Loss of libido.
In these manifestations of depression, the host actually pointed to himself. He didn't put any responsibility on the other side, nor did he hurt others. What's the shame? There is no moral problem. What about depression?
When it comes to depression, Di Xiaolan is a little broader. What I just said is a typical manifestation of depression. Depression may be manifested in some negative ideas, or it is easy to be sad, easily influenced by others and have more connections. These are all negative associations. In terms of thinking, I may feel that my efficiency is a little poor, and I am not as agile as I first reflected. In behavior, we can see, sigh, beat our chest, or
For example, some families in Chen Yanfang used to have children together. Now that parents are old, it should be a good thing for children to go to school or work. However, what we call "empty nest syndrome" will appear in the minds of negative people with such emotions.
The owner will have some sense of loss, but he must be alert to the downward development of depression and become depression. I think the words and deeds of these people will definitely give you a hint, and our reporter has also made a special reproduction of their possible performance.
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Narrator: Hello! Psychological crisis intervention hotline, do you have anything to say to me?
Patient 1: I have some troubles recently, and I can't sleep all night. I used to be very capable, but I couldn't do anything well after I got hepatitis. I don't have the spirit to do anything. I know I have to do it, but I'm too lazy to do it. What's the use of people like me? I might as well die of illness.
Patient 2: I am a student. Last month, one of my classmates committed suicide. Since then, his appearance has been in my mind. As soon as my mother forced me to study, I always imagined him like that, and I was relieved. I really hate people laughing and laughing in front of me now. There are too many happy things. I think they are too lacking in depth. I don't think it makes sense to be with anyone now.
Patient 3: I am having an affair. I have been with him for three years. We met at a meeting in Shanghai. I gave him everything I could, but now I don't think that man is worth it I really regret it, but it is too late. It is too late. I don't know how to face it. My husband and children, I can't stand it. I really don't want to live.
Patient 4: I may be depressed, but everyone is happy. I just can't be happy. My wife left three years ago and my only daughter has been working in Guangzhou for more than two years. I don't know what happiness means, and I have no appetite to eat. People in their sixties have passed, and I don't think there is anything to worry about. I always want to cry and I will never be happy again.
Moderator For people with depression, we need to do a good job of protecting their privacy, so we can't express these stories in their original voices, but there are only a few examples that focus on these contents.
These examples of Di Xiaolan are all very good. They fully show the typical thinking mode of patients with depression, that is, the thinking and behavior mode, which is the so-called "three lows". One is depression, which is the core symptom of depression. All these stories tell us that they are not happy. What is the second core symptom? One of the inefficiencies of thinking activities is dull thinking, and the other is low will, behavior and desire, and lack of motivation.
Early manifestations of depression
1, emotional aspects: depression, sadness, depression, etc.
2. Thinking: the thinking efficiency is reduced, the attention is not concentrated, and the thinking is slow.
3. Behavior: sigh, cry, and sometimes get excited.
Chen Yanfang, everyone seems to have heard of this thing, but the degree and duration of patients are different from those of normal people. His expression of this situation and his negative thoughts are called "unusual", so when this happens, we should be highly vigilant. Poor food, poor sleep, etc. It may happen temporarily, but it will never be so profound and lasting. This is something we should be careful about. Once this happens, you should seek the help of a psychologist as soon as possible, or go to a psychologist for treatment.
Di Xiaolan, we gave it a two-week deadline. Everyone should be vigilant. If this negative thing, such as nothing happened, makes you very negative and lasts for more than two weeks, you must invite an expert to have a look at it at this time.
Moderator: So what is its development track after these two weeks?
Generally speaking, two weeks later, there are two situations in Chen Yanfang. One is that he gradually gets better after self-adjustment. If he can't control himself, he will be in the early stage of depression. At this time, he needs to deal with it most. It is best to combine them by taking medicine or psychological counseling. In this case, he can be dealt with quickly. In this case, we should remind everyone that once you have unusual depression, you are very unhappy in thinking, depressed, mentally unmotivated, and your work and study efficiency is obviously reduced. You must see a doctor early.
Some manifestations of the host's pre-depression symptoms can be adjusted by themselves, but it is really difficult for them to adjust themselves. We say that this herringbone can only stand up if it is supported. Physically, it may be possible to survive, but psychologically, it is a minority. If this emotion lasts too long and needs treatment, what is the content of treatment? Let's find out.
Narrator: In huilongguan hospital, we met Liu Jing, who is in charge of hospital office affairs. After chatting with her, we realized that this is also the location of Beijing Psychological Crisis Research and Intervention Center, and this is where the staff of the intervention center answer calls from the masses. Every day, these staff members need to answer various requests 24 hours a day. According to rough statistics, they answer about 60 calls every day. Their main task is to listen to people who ask for help, prompt and guide them to solve problems correctly, and help them minimize possible crises. In a room not far from the telephone technician, we saw this scene.
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Ma 'am, my husband said he likes her, so they have been dating for more than a month. As for the extent to which this relationship has developed, I don't know, so I am particularly uncomfortable after learning it, and my heart has been very wronged. I don't know who to tell. I can't eat well, sleep well and lose weight these two days. My colleagues all say that I am a different person. Can you help me?
Narrator: The staff of the original intervention center are conducting a telephone answering drill. According to Liu Jing, they often use this training method, so that employees can better listen to calls for help and constantly improve their ability to judge and solve problems.
Narrator: After coming out of the intervention center, Liu Jing took us to visit the inpatient department of the hospital, from which we also learned some treatment methods for depression patients in huilongguan hospital. This is a psychological testing center, where patients' functions such as personality, intelligence, cognition and memory can be tested. Through the measurement of international scale, the symptoms of patients can be quantitatively and digitally displayed, so as to determine the degree of depression of individuals. This is an eye movement analyzer that can only be used when the patient is awake. It provides specific biological indicators and diagnoses depression through infrared ray and computer technology analysis.
Narrator: This is electroshock therapy for depressed patients. This treatment is general numbness. Take two electric shock points on the patient's head for electric shock connection. When the patient's muscles are completely relaxed, the electric shock treatment can be completed in two to three seconds.
In the psychotherapy room of the hospital, we met a depressed patient who came to the hospital for the first time.
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Doctor, do you think something will really happen if you don't check it?
Sir, I think something will happen. Why did the leader let me do it? Just because I believe in me, I work very carefully and seriously, so the leader believes in me. The leader said that I can rest assured of my work. I said don't worry, I don't worry myself.
Narrator: Following Liu Jing, as soon as we arrived at the behavioral therapy area of the hospital, we heard a dance music. Look at this neat and diverse piece of soft pottery art. Who can imagine that they are all from the hands of depressed patients who are being treated? Look at this painting and calligraphy treatment room again. People who can write a good hand are really everywhere. Look at this again. It seems that many patients like computers. Look at this. Look at this again. There are really many treatments for patients with depression. Just as we were about to finish this interview, the sound of tapping in the piano room once again attracted our attention. Looking at the patients receiving treatment and listening to the melody that sounds like an explosion, we sincerely wish all depressed patients a speedy recovery under the careful care of medical staff!
The host has some cheerful decorations and some sweet music, which our reporters can hear and see. What is invisible and inaudible?
When Di Xiaolan talks about the treatment of depression, you see the bright side. In fact, this treatment is a very strict and systematic process, which requires a systematic whole treatment process. It can be divided into three aspects, one is physical therapy, the other is psychotherapy, and the third is rehabilitation.
Treatment of depression
1, physical therapy: such as drug therapy and electrotherapy.
2. Psychotherapy: such as psychoanalytic therapy, behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, family therapy, etc.
3. Rehabilitation: such as physical rehabilitation and psychosocial rehabilitation.
The host can say that what we just saw and heard is only part of the treatment. The treatment process is very long. When light, medium and heavy are different, there may be some key requirements, which we can learn from the treatment curve.
Chen Yanfang, we can see what this curve looks like. When the weather is light, we should have psychological consultation and cooperate with psychologists to correctly handle our psychological problems. If mild sub-health is not treated well, then he may develop into depression, which is a process from light to heavy. When he is on the edge, this is very critical. At this time, if he can take some antidepressants properly and carry out psychotherapy, the patient can get rid of his own psychological depression and stress, as well as some negative social factors, social support and family care, so he can also get rid of it.
Moderator: We have noticed that when bad emotions bother us, that is, when we are in a sub-health state, we need to intervene in psychological counseling, but the key time is the treatment of marginal state.
Patients with mild depression in Chen Yanfang generally do not like to go to mental hospitals, but prefer to go to general hospitals. We believe that non-psychiatrists in general hospitals can master the treatment methods after learning. It's better to let non-psychiatrists deal with their problems and solve their problems. Only in serious cases, such as the case of Yang Yuqing, have suicidal thoughts at the beginning. Like this, we must invite experts to deal with it, because it is very serious and the consequences are unimaginable. Treatment is more important and the dosage is relatively large. If necessary, electrotherapy should be used to solve the problem. Only when large-dose non-convulsive electrotherapy solves this problem can we keep up with psychotherapy to solve other psychological problems. Another very important treatment for this patient is family therapy. Because he is going back, he may relapse, so his family should be kind to him and care about this problem. In this case, Yang Yuqing's mother had an incorrect understanding. If she received health education, she could receive family treatment and handle it correctly. We said that this tragedy would not happen, so we think that different patients should be treated in stages according to the severity of their illness.
Moderator: I think experts in treatment can provide a lot of objective support, but our focus today is to come out subjectively and go to the scope where doctors can help. Some of our summaries about depression need you to tell us.
Di Xiaolan First of all, don't describe depression as mental illness or psychosis. We now have a very humanized word called the cold of the mind, which has two meanings. A cold is easy for everyone, so it may belong to the cold of the mind. The other, there should be no sense of shame. Schizophrenia is a completely different disease from what we are talking about, so we will give you a few words like this.
About depression
1. Depression is a mental illness.
2. Depression is a curable disease.
People of all ages may suffer from depression.
4. People with depression need not feel sick and ashamed.
5. Depression needs comprehensive treatment.
The host is really just a disease. I feel depressed because I have a sentimental heart, which is not shameful. Tomorrow's program, we pay attention to a birth story, and tomorrow a mother and son walk into me.
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