Firstly, the main producing areas of tea in China, the growing environment such as soil and climate, and the properties and functions of tea were summarized. Second, the tools for making and processing tea at that time; The third creation is about the process of making tea; Four devices, talking about brew tea and tea drinking utensils; The fifth is cooking, which talks about the process and skills of cooking tea; Six drinks, talking about tea drinking methods and tea appreciation; Seven things, talk about the history of drinking tea in China; Eight out, recorded the tea-producing areas at that time in detail, and evaluated their advantages and disadvantages, recorded the tea-producing situation in more than 40 States across the country, and truthfully recorded the tea-producing areas in 1 1 States that I didn't know much about; "Nine Views" talks about what kind of tea drinking utensils should be complete and what kind of situations should be omitted: you don't have to pay attention to cooking tea in the field, the stove, and the bed delivery. Taking water from the spring can save some water containers. However, at the formal tea party, "Zhucheng is the door of princes" and "24 utensils are short of one tea waste."
Finally, Lu Yu also advocated painting the above contents into a picture frame, so that tea drinkers can look at pictures and taste tea while drinking tea, which is very refreshing and pleasing to the eye. This is a far cry from taking a ladle, a bowl and pouring it down in a few mouthfuls.
Lu Yu's Tea Classic is the crystallization of ancient tea people's diligent study, assiduous study, painstaking exploration and indomitable spirit. Treating guests with tea instead of wine, "a cup of green tea is intoxicating" is a true embodiment of the Chinese nation's cherishing the fruits of labor and thrift. The social functions of tea culture with tea characters as the head are "thinking about the source of tea, entertaining guests with tea, making friends with tea, socializing with tea, being honest with tea, educating people with tea, replacing wine with tea, keeping fit with tea, entering poetry with tea, entering art with tea, painting with tea, dancing with tea, singing songs with tea, rejuvenating culture with tea, giving gifts with tea, promoting agriculture with tea and promoting tea". Tea is the pride of China, the self-esteem, self-confidence and pride of the nation. You can think of the source when you drink tea. Dr Joseph Needham, a world-famous historian of science and technology, regards China tea as the fifth greatest contribution to mankind after the four great inventions of China.
Lu Yu despised the powerful, ignored wealth, loved nature and upheld justice all his life. There is a song by Lu Yu in The Whole Tang Poetry, which embodies his quality: "I don't envy gold, I don't envy white jade cups;" Do not envy entering the province, do not envy entering Taiwan at dusk; Thousands of miles to the Xijiang River, down to Jingling City. " -"Complete Tang Poetry", volume 308,007 [Song]. Postscript of another poem by Lu Yu: "The moonlight cold wave enters the stream, and the green ape is called Qinglinxi. The ancients have already flowed eastward, and they have seen fragrant grass every year. " -The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty (volume 308,008), the first Higashioyama Collection. Shen Wei and tea fairy wrote a couplet;
Liu Yu's "Lutong" envies the Xijiang River six times and Yuchuan Spring seven times.
Six envy songs
Don't envy gold, don't envy white jade cups; Do not envy entering the province, do not envy entering Taiwan at dusk;
Thousands of people raised the Xijiang River and went to Jingling City.
Keiji Dongshan
The moonlight cold wave enters the stream, and the green ape is called Duanlvlin West.
People in the past have fled to the east, and there is no sign of Jiang every year.
sentence
In the ancient forest, strange stones face each other.
If you find a dangerous stream, you will find a dangerous rock.
Xie Lishi, send Jiujiang boat. After Lu Yu, there was only the word tea, and there was also tea science.
Tea means "people are among the plants". Vegetation is like poetry, and beauty is like weaving. In the concept of China people, the harmony between man and nature is the way of nature. Tea comes from plants and trees and has unique value to people. To be exact, tea was liberated because Lu Yu got rid of the bondage of nature, which became the epitome of China's diet and spirit.
In the era before Lu Yu, tea literature was full of tea, and tea had the property of medicine. Shennong, the originator of the Chinese nation, has been looking for plants that are useful to people all his life. Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and became Shennong herbal medicine. Most of the plants recorded in Shennong Materia Medica are functional, reflecting China people's simple understanding of nature: which plants are bitter, which are hot, which are cold, which can satisfy hunger and which can cure diseases ... Shennong "seventy-two poisons a day can be solved like a raging fire." Obviously, the tea here is just medicine like Ganoderma lucidum.
Tea in eryali is a classification of tea, especially tea with bitter taste, which is a direct experience on the level of sensory taste. At that time, people in China thought that vegetation was an organic whole, not the names of trees and shrubs in the botanical sense today. The Book of Songs says that "there are young women", which refers to the color scale. People at that time would not drink tea every day unless they were really ill.
Other words listed by Lu Yu, such as "Shi (shè)", "Ming" and "Chu (North)", are only further classifications of tea, which makes it have seasonal differences. That is to say, in the tea age, tea is only an available herb and will not change because of its name in different places and seasons.
And "tea" is different. At the beginning of the Book of Tea, with tea as the main body, Lu Yu described it in the tone of historians' biography: "The tea maker is the first in the south." From then on, a comprehensive anthropomorphic definition of tea began. Lu Yu made a critical comment on tea in an unquestionable tone, involving birthplace (place of origin), shape (appearance), title (name), growth environment (growth education), habits (character, quality) and so on. The relationship between tea and people, just like tea itself, needs to be treated differently because of its growing environment.
Lu Yu said: "People who are thrifty and thrifty can compete with dewdrops if they are hot, thirsty, bored, have a headache, have dim eyes, and their limbs are out of control. Sometimes it is not refined, mixed with flowers, and it becomes sick. Tea is tired, and ginseng is needed. The upper one gives birth to the party, the middle one gives birth to Baekje and Silla, and the lower one gives birth to Korea. People born in Zezhou, Yizhou, Youzhou and Tanzhou are ineffective because of drugs, which is not the case! Taking water chestnut makes six diseases disappear. Knowing that ginseng is tired, tea is exhausted. " Tea soon broke away from its medicinal properties and other plants. Once you drink tea, ancient wonderful drinks such as quince and manna have to give in and become vassals.
If you want to drink good tea, you have to work hard. If you don't drink tea in the right season and method, not only will your spirit not improve, but you will get sick and suffer, and eventually you will lose tea. The pursuit of tea cannot be completely opposite, because tea needs people to give it new life and value. For this reason, people should also have a religious attitude.
The Secret of Tea is written in three volumes and ten sections. However, in the 7,000-word tea classics, Lu Yu inherited the mantle of Shennong, and all teas are experiences, showing a pious attitude of "kissing and comparing", "kissing and sipping" and "chewing and smelling". Since then, drinking tea in China has been fixed in Lu Yu's exposition.
In the later chapters of the Book of Tea, tea utensils are discussed, such as tea picking baskets, steaming ovens, tea drying sheds and so on. Making tea, discussing the types and collection methods of tea; Tea set describes the utensils for cooking and drinking tea, that is, twenty-four things for making tea sets, such as wind stoves, teapots, paper bags, wood mills, tea bowls and so on. Cooking tea, talking about the methods and water quality of making tea in various places; Lu Yu thinks that water has three boiling points: water with one boiling point and three boiling points is not desirable, and water with two boiling points is the best, and it should be taken when water drops like pearls and jade jump into the spring pool by the pot. Previous tea drinking history; Tea, describing the story, origin and efficacy of ancient and modern tea; When tea came out, the distribution of tea areas in Tang Dynasty was summarized as Shannan (south of Jingzhou), Huainan, West Zhejiang, Jiannan, East Zhejiang, Central Guizhou, Jiangnan and Lingnan, and the advantages and disadvantages of various local teas were discussed. This paper briefly introduces tea, and analyzes the appliances for picking tea and making tea, and omits some appliances according to the present environment; The picture of tea teaches people to write tea classics in silk, and all the seats are witnessed and preserved.
From the physical objects of tea to utensils, to the choice of water, and the appearance of local conditions and customs, the Chinese territory of tea has also become clearly visible. Eventually, the totem and ceremony of tea were formed, and the intention of Tea Classic was also very clear: people should integrate their own spirit into the transformation of things, and only by integrating with nature can they return to nature. (Zhou's Spirit of Tea) When did Lu Yu start writing Tea Classics? When will it become a book? There is no clear record. It is generally believed that The Book of Tea was completed in 780 AD. If Lu Yu was born in 729, the year of the Book of Tea Classic was exactly fifty-one. If he was born in 733, he would have been 47 years old. Judging from the rich content and concise words of the tea classics, it seems to be beyond the ability of young people. Some people think that The Book of Tea was written in 764. According to the biography of Lu Yu, "the early Yuan Dynasty was more secluded and wrote books behind closed doors". The year of Shang Dynasty is only two years, and the early Yuan Dynasty should refer to 760 years, which means that that year may not be completed. According to the "Four Instruments" of the Tea Classic, the ancient Chinese character "Destroy the Tang Dynasty and Zhu Hu Next Year" was cast at the foot of the stove. Eradicate the weeds and eradicate the roots refers to the Tang Dynasty's suppression of the Anshi Rebellion in 763 A.D. and the following year's 764 A.D.. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Book of Tea was written after 764 AD, and according to the record of Comfort in the South of the Yangtze River, Lu Yu was often appreciated and recommended. After Lu Yu was invited, Li did not treat him with courtesy, which made Lu Yu furious and "wrote the theory of destroying tea." It is proved that the Book of Tea has been circulating in the society from 767 (the second year of Dali) to 768. If the Book of Tea was written by Lu Yu in 764 when he was only 365,438+0 years old (or 27 years old), it is hard to believe that such a profound Book of Tea was written by him. In fact, after Lu Yu lived in Tiaoxi, his residence changed frequently and he often went out instead of writing books behind closed doors. This can be seen from the poems of Jiao Ran, Huangfuran and Ye Li. Lu Yu spent a lot of time studying tea, traveling to Suzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, Danyang, Yixing, Changxing, Hangzhou, Shengxian in Zhejiang, and then to Shangrao in Jiangxi. In-depth research and practice on tea picking, drinking and tea affairs have accumulated rich knowledge about tea affairs. More importantly, when I was in Huzhou, with the support of Yan Zhenqing and the help of Jiao Ran, I had a lot of documents to refer to, and the Book of Tea was written. When Li Jiqing preached comfort to the south of the Yangtze River, he invited Lu Yu, who likes tea, to cook tea or recommended Yixing tribute tea according to Lu Yu's recommendation: "... Lu Yu, the barbarian, thought that tea was sweet elsewhere, but he still recommended it to the world. Yun Qi (Changzhou Secretariat of Li Qiyun) started from this and began to enter Wanliang. " I think Lu Yu has become an authority on tea. Without the birth of tea classics, it is difficult to become a social authority. This inference is not comprehensive enough, because Lu Yu is good at cooking and tasting tea, and he can become an authority everywhere. He doesn't have to write a book to become an expert.
According to The Complete Collection of Tea Classics: "Lu Yu held a high position in his later years and was highly valued by the Tang Emperor. In order to seek the mystery of life, 1975 became a hermit, published the Tea Classic five years later, and 1984 died. In the ten years after Lu Yu crossed the river, most of them had no fixed place, traveled around and lived a wandering life. According to Shangrao's Local Records, Lu Yu's trust city (now Shangrao) was named Donggang. Sex loves tea, and most of them are planted with tea. Because of the name of Chashan, Chashan Temple is located in the north corner of the city, and a Guangjiao Temple has Lu Yu Spring. According to official records, "Tang Lu Yu once lived in the Chashan Temple in the north of Fucheng, that is, the mountain planted tea, and the spring was the fourth spring in the world. Its water is like a well, white and sweet, and it is a milk spring, also known as rouge well. Changting Li Shihong was changed to "Lu Yuquan". Textual Research on Liu Longxiang, Wuyuan Tea Factory Wang Zhongyin and Shangrao Agricultural Bureau in Jiangxi Province. It is considered that Lu Yu moved to Shangrao from Tiaoxi (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang Province) after 76 1 year and planted tea. According to the time required for tea harvesting and processing after growth, it should be more than 5 years. However, it is not enough to think that the Book of Tea was completed in Chashan Temple in Shangrao period. After 765 years, Lu Yu lived in Miaoxi Temple in Shushan, Xing Wu for a long time and became friends with Jiao Ran. Yan Zhenqing (709-785), secretariat of Huzhou. Yan was a minister, calligrapher and upright official in the Tang Dynasty. He first made a suggestion in the temple, and then made a secretariat in Huzhou, which was called Yan. He was highly valued and recommended to the Tang Dynasty. It makes sense to appoint Lu as Taichang Temple. Yan is still building a "Sangui Pavilion" for Lu Yu.
The Record of Scenic Spots contains "Sangui Pavilion, which was built for Hung-chien by Duke Lu on Yishan." It was the eighth year of the Tang Dynasty, and it was completed on1October 2 1 day.