First, build a backbone.
1, create a body
(1) Avoid mechanical correspondence of subjects.
There is more rain in this area.
It often rains in this area.
(2) Positional words or time words are in the subject position.
There lived an old woman at the foot of the mountain.
There lived an old lady at the foot of the mountain.
(3) Use it as the subject to translate Chinese with a compound structure.
Example 1: Believe it or not is your business.
Whether you believe me or not is your business.
Exodus 2: Better wait for them to come back.
It is wise to wait until they come back.
Example 3: Diligence makes up for the deficiency.
Diligence makes up for the deficiency.
2. Establish predicates: English verbs can usually only be served by a certain verb or system structure.
Exodus 1: Don't be too romantic in interpersonal relationships.
We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationships.
Exodus 2: As long as he lived, he always tried his best to work and study and refused to waste his time.
As long as he lives, he always works and studies as hard as possible, and he doesn't want to waste his life, not to mention wasting even a minute.
Second, word order adjustment.
1, the position of attribute: In English, words are mostly prepositions when they act as attributes, and phrases and clauses are mostly postpositions when they act as attributes.
For example, fishing is a sport that can cultivate temperament and be beneficial to physical and mental health.
Fishing is an outdoor sport, which can cultivate sentiment and be beneficial to physical and mental health.
2. The position of adverbial
For example, he, 1970, was born in Chaoyang District, Beijing on May 20th.
He was born in Chaoyang District, Beijing on May 20th, 1970.
3. Chinese and English have different narrative emphases: Chinese first narrates, then makes statements or comments to highlight the theme, which is called topic sentence. Chinese-English translation is sometimes translated into periodic sentences, that is, statements or comments are made first, and then narratives are made to highlight the theme.
Write to us in case of any difficulties.
In case you have any difficulties, send us a message.
4. The order of strong and weak words in Chinese and English is different: English follows the principle of lightening the former before the latter, and simplifying the former before the latter.
Example 1: Heal the wounded and rescue the dying and implement revolutionary humanitarianism.
Heal the wounded and rescue the dying and practice revolutionary humanitarianism.
Exodus 2: In an instant, a burst of grief and indignation that was abandoned and forgotten by the world came to my mind, and I couldn't help crying.
Soon, I fell into a sad and angry mood that was forgotten and abandoned by the world, and I couldn't help crying.
5. Negative migration
Example 1: Not all metals have the same good conductivity.
Not all metals conduct electricity equally.
Exodus None of my friends smoke.
None of my friends smoke.
6. Style
Exodus 1: Food, clothing, housing and transportation are the major concerns of ordinary people.
Food, clothing, housing and transportation are the most concerned issues for ordinary people.
Exodus He was cold and hungry and suffered a lot.
He suffered from hunger and cold.
Third, positive and negative swaps.
1, Chinese is correct, English is reverse translation.
The window in that room is always closed.
The window of that room has never been opened.
2. Chinese irony and English translation.
1) Chinese uses words like "nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing" to express all negatives, while in English, words like "nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing" can be used for corresponding translation, and the prefixes and suffixes of negatives can be used.
For example, learning a foreign language is inseparable from a good dictionary.
Learning a foreign language is inseparable from a good dictionary.
2) In Chinese, words such as "never, never, never" are used to express absolute negation, which can be translated into "never, not at all, never" in English.
Under no circumstances should we give up hope.
Under no circumstances should we give up hope.
3) Chinese uses "not always" and "not too" to express partial negation, while English uses "not every, not more, not always" to translate.
He doesn't always eat cakes.
He doesn't always eat cakes.
4) In Chinese, "almost, rarely" means semi-negation, which can be translated as reluctantly, almost, rarely in English.
She seldom goes to the gym except on holidays.
She seldom goes to the gym except on holidays.
3. Chinese Irony and English Literal Translation: There is a word in English that is positive in form and negative in meaning, and can be used directly when translating Chinese negative sentences.
Example 1: Life is far from pure happiness.
Life is far from satisfactory.
Ex. 2: The scenery is beyond description.
The scenery is too beautiful to describe.
4. Double negation translation: Double negation in Chinese-English translation is handled by "negative word +not".
I couldn't have finished the work on time without your help.
But for your help, I wouldn't have finished the work in time.
Exodus 2: It is impossible for people not to make mistakes.
It is impossible for one not to make some mistakes.
Fourthly, phonetic translation.
1. Many implicit passive structures in Chinese have become dominant in English translation.
I was recommended by a professor.
I was recommended by a professor.
2. When Chinese common nouns such as "someone" and "everyone" are used as subjects, the passive structure is often used in English translation; Words with indefinite person, such as "said", are usually translated into English in a fixed passive structure.
Some people say that he went to new york yesterday.
It is said that he went to new york yesterday.
3. When translated into English, Chinese passive sentences may also be converted into active sentences: first, intransitive verbs indicating "start" and "end"; Second, verbs that mean "shift" and "run"; Third, the action of inanimate subject is in progress.
Vegetables are cooking in the pot.
Vegetables are cooking.
V. Translation of Long Sentences
1, original translation: For long sentences with single subject, the key is to distinguish between logical center and hierarchy.
Exodus 1: I quietly opened the curtains in the cabin on the hillside and caught a glimpse of the world in the garden, which was full of people.
No one noticed that I lifted the curtains of my small room and saw only a noisy kaleidoscope world in the garden.
Example 2: The most common thing is that a person suddenly stops while walking and stares at the screen of the mobile phone to send a text message. He doesn't care whether to park in the middle of the road or next to the toilet.
We are very familiar with such a scene: a person suddenly stops his/her steps to edit short messages, and his/her eyes are fixed on the mobile phone, regardless of whether he/she stops in the middle of the road or next to the bathroom.
2. Combination translation of clauses
Exodus 1: Almost none of them want to look up at this beautiful night.
Few people want to look up at the beautiful evening.
Exodus 2: How meaningful is a person's life? Is there any standard to measure it?
Is there any standard to measure the meaning of a person's life?
3. Sentence Segmentation and Translation
One spring evening, flowers were in full bloom in the garden, and parents held a banquet in the garden. In an instant, guests gathered and laughter overflowed.
One spring night, my parents held a party in the garden, where all kinds of flowers were in full bloom. At once, a group of guests gathered together and their laughter spread all over there.
4. Primary and secondary information sentences
In the great era at the turn of the century, our motherland is moving towards prosperity and strength, and people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait will also strengthen exchanges and promote the early completion of the great cause of the motherland's reunification.
At the turn of the century, with the growing prosperity and strength of the motherland, people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait will strengthen exchanges and make joint efforts to realize the great cause of the motherland's reunification.
Sixth, the main sentence
But generally speaking, it is not difficult to make an appropriate estimate of the meaning of this person's existence by looking at whether a person's attitude towards life is serious or not and how he treats his work and life.
However, if we, on the whole, can