Throughout the thousand-year history of world art, there are many talents and masters like the stars in the sky, and there are also many tragic figures like Van Gogh, Rembrandt and Caravaggio. The reason is that those who are talented and virtuous are more open-minded, so there are not many people who are famous in history and have a smooth life.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577- 1640) was a great baroque painter in16-17th century, and also one of the representatives of the Flemish school. Many people don't know that he is still the greatest diplomat of that era, and no one.
In addition to painters and diplomats, give him several labels: devout Catholic, jazz, white fat, sunshine. What the hell are white fat people and sunny days? ! You will understand after reading it)
And his most important label should be: winner of life.
Few people can clearly introduce his native place. Some say Belgium, some say Germany, some say Holland and Spain. In fact, the exact name is "Flanders painter". Flanders is a place that makes countless history teachers crazy. Because this place has been changing its shape, name and ruler, few people can tell the past life of this place clearly. Mainly located in western Belgium, including parts of northern France and southern Netherlands. The population is mainly Flemish, and Dutch (also known as Flemish) is spoken. "Flanders" means "low-lying land" in Dutch. And "Holland" and "Holland" also mean "low-lying land". In Rubens' time, all France was under the jurisdiction of Spain.
This place is not big, but it is worthy of a great book in the history of world art. Oil paintings with castor oil mixed pigments originated here and spread to southern Italy. With this technology, masters like Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael can completely complete the transformation from roof and wall decorators to a generation of masters. In this land and its surroundings, generations of masters have emerged, such as Van Eyck, Bruegel, Rubens, Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Vermeer and Margaret.
Rubens' father Jean Rubens is a Protestant lawyer in Antwerp, Flanders. He was educated in Italy in his early years and decided to believe in Protestantism as an adult. In order to escape the religious persecution in Duque de Alba, 1568, he fled to a city called Siegen in Protestant Germany (Holy Roman Empire).
Here, Old Rubens met Anna, who later became the second wife of Dutch ruler Orange William I and became her legal adviser. It was originally a business relationship between lawyers and clients, but it unexpectedly escalated into a lover relationship. I wonder if it's because I touched Wang's woman. Old Rubens went to prison because of the scandal.
1577, Peter Paul Rubens was born in Sigen. After the death of his romantic father, 12-year-old Rubens followed his mother back to his hometown of Antwerp under Spanish rule, where he was baptized by Catholicism. Rubens later became a famous Catholic anti-religious reform painter and completed the restoration of his father's religious belief.
As a teenager, Rubens worked as a waitress in a countess's house and received a very orthodox aristocratic education. Flanders, surrounded by many countries, spent his childhood in Germany, and with a good education, Rubens was proficient in Latin, German, Dutch (Flemish), French, Italian, English and other languages since childhood. It is said that Rubens 1 1 could speak seven languages when he was a child, and he could write in five different languages when he was an adult.
Jiwa's classmates, please stop staring at Tsinghua, Peking University, Ha, Ye and Pu. Those who enter Peking University also go to raise pigs, go on talk shows and go to the reception room. It is better to directly refer to the success track of the master: if your baby wants to be a winner in life like Rubens, you must attend cram school before 1 1 and learn seven foreign languages well, never losing at the starting line of life.
Rubens can speak so many languages, just like Iflytek's translator. It's a pity that such people should not do simultaneous interpretation at the United Nations. But because the United Nations was not established at that time, he decided to be a painter first. From 1592, his mother found several famous teachers to be his teachers. And he lived up to expectations. 1598 and 2 1 were allowed to join the Antwerp painters association and become professional painters.
/kloc-in 0/600, Rubens, the first aristocratic countess in his life, sent him to Italy at the age of 23 and introduced him to the Duke of Mantova. The Duke became the second nobleman in Rubens' life.
A natural winner in life like Rubens naturally won't make people worry about him. For him, there are thousands of ways to succeed. On the smooth road of life, one after another, the nobles waited in line for his super sponsorship, and Rubens could never succeed.
Rubens defected to the Duke of Mantova with Lorenzo Medici's style. He likes Rubens very much, so he has no intention to help him travel to Italy. During this period, Rubens got close contact with the wet murals of the masters, especially learned the figures and muscles created by Michelangelo and other masters, the pursuit of color and light and shadow by Venetian painters, Caravaggio's description of conflict and drama, and Raphael's perfect brushwork. Through observation and copying, Rubens gradually formed his own style.
The duke discovered Rubens' amazing language talent and promoted him to ambassador. Rubens' slash youth career also began to be gorgeous. He thanked the duke for his kindness and often visited on his behalf. During his visit, he not only charmed princes and celebrities around the world with his super emotional intelligence, but also painted portraits of local dignitaries. His diplomatic mission was successfully completed and he became famous in one fell swoop. Duke Lema's riding portrait is such a masterpiece of "oil painting diplomacy". For a time, politicians from all over the world were proud to invite Rubens' portrait.
1608, the news that my mother was seriously ill came from far away. Rubens immediately returned to Antwerp and never returned to Italy.
His early works in these years' artistic career include St. Helena, On the Cross, On the Cross, On the Cross, and The Beijing Official put on by Christ, all of which have obvious characteristics of Renaissance masters.
On the cross, the iconic diagonal composition of Baroque painting has appeared. Compared with the stable triangle composition in Renaissance, this composition makes the picture full of dramatic movements. Michelangelo's taut muscles show strength and conflict, and Titian's light and color make this painting have epic power.
Back in Antwerp, 1609, 32-year-old Rubens came across 18' s beautiful Isabella (1591-kloc-0/626). As the saying goes, "The golden wind meets jade and wins countless people." They fell in love and got married in Antwerp.
This marriage was very happy and lasted 16 years. Isabella gave birth to two sons and a daughter. Life winner Rubens' career has steadily increased.
First, the studio has grown and developed, and excellent works have continued. At the peak, it is said that hundreds of painters worked for Rubens' studio, and so far more than 2,000 works signed by Rubens have been handed down.
Rubens completed a series of masterpieces during 1622- 1625, including 24 paintings of Marie de Medicis period (mostly in the Louvre). The most famous painting "Queen Mary Landing in Marseille Harbor" is also one of the 100 famous paintings in the world, and it is collected in Munich Art Museum, Germany.
Marie Medici is a very important and controversial figure in the history of medici family and even Europe. She is the queen of French King Henry IV and the mother of Louis XIII. After Henry's assassination, she used to be a regent. Later, she opposed Louis XIII and was exiled. It can be said that without her, the history of France is doomed to be different. Today, we may not drink Louis XIII remy martin, Louis XIV may not wear high heels, and then Louis XVI may not have to go to the guillotine, and even Napoleon's fate will be rewritten because of the butterfly effect!
Rubens recorded her main life with twenty-four masterpieces, each with profound implications, and the paintings contained the codes of European diplomacy and politics at that time. This is also an important case of oil painting diplomacy.
The painting "Queen Mary Landing in Marseilles" is half realistic and half mythical. It integrates real events into the unreal world, invites angels to receive guests, and the gods come to celebrate the wedding of Princess Florence and the king of France. This work has strong contrast, bright colors, smooth lines, drama and movement, and is permeated with a magnificent theme.
From 162 1 to 1630, Rubens accepted the diplomatic responsibility entrusted by the Grand Duchess of Flanders and the Spanish royal family who ruled Flanders. The diplomatic ability of slash youth can be fully demonstrated. Rubens' most famous diplomatic achievement is the successful conclusion of friendly relations between Spain and Britain, and his oil painting diplomacy has also developed to the extreme. His masterpiece "Peace and War" is one of the world famous paintings's 65,438+000 must-see works, and it is also the masterpiece of this period.
From 65438 to 0629, the peace talks between Spain and Britain were deadlocked. As a Spanish negotiator, Rubens knew that King Charles I loved art, so he painted this masterpiece: the god of war was pushed off the battlefield by Athena, the god of wisdom, and taken away by other goddesses. After the shadow of the war dispersed, the children were playing, the goddess of peace was nursing the baby carefree, and even the fierce leopard was spoiled and became a Hello Kitty. The animal husbandry god sent an ultra-luxury fruit basket symbolizing a safe and bumper harvest.
This painting finally touched Charles I, and the two sides signed a contract. Rubens was knighted by Spain and Britain for the first time. The kings of the two countries are also big clients of Rubens. Spanish King Philip IV ordered more than 150 paintings from Rubens, while King Charles I of England entrusted him to make a zenith painting called Blessing Peace for Whitehall Palace in London, and also hired Van Dyke, the best student of Rubens, as the chief court painter.
Rubens himself likes diplomacy very much. He said: "Painting is my profession, and being an ambassador is my hobby." He did both to the extreme. You can't call him the best diplomat. In his time, he was undoubtedly the best diplomat and the best master of painting, no one. Painters who have made great contributions to chivalry are rare in the history of western art.
1626, shortly after Rubens reached the peak of her life after finishing the series of masterpieces of Queen Mary, Bai's wife Isabella died of plague at the age of 34. Rubens encountered a rare trough in his life. He was depressed for four years. 1630, he met 16-year-old Helena, known as "Helen of Antwerp". Helena's father is a fan and client of Rubens. They are all his fans. Helena and her sister Susanna grew up watching Teacher Lu's works.
Rubens came out of his sorrow and stood up again! This year, he married the national goddess Helena in Antwerp.
Rubens married 16-year-old wife at the age of 53, aiming for thousands of miles. Nine years after her death at the age of 62, Helena gave birth to five more children for Rubens.
If Master Lu has any regrets in his life, it is that he died without seeing the last daughter born.
Rubens once said, "My passion comes not from the earth, but from the sky."
As a representative master of Baroque, there are several works that he must introduce:
Suzanne in Rubens' painting is the sister of his bride Helena. She is 16 years old. This painting was painted in 1622, when Helena was only 7-8 years old. Many Chinese articles, including an encyclopedia, also conveyed the wrong information, and took this portrait as Helena's portrait. Although my sister is more beautiful, she is more like a 16-year-old girl than my sister. It is shameful to copy and paste without textual research! !
Rob, daughter of Liusipas: The theme of this painting is still taken from Greek mythology. Or the tiger king snatches the bride! The official's son robbed a good wife again! Gang crime! Grab two at a time! ! From Botticelli in the early Renaissance to the three masters of Venetian painting school, to Baroque painting and sculpture, similar themes have been depicted again and again. Spring, the iconic work of the Renaissance, describes a rape scene. If you are interested, please read Botticelli's Crime Scene Investigation in Spring.
This painting is a masterpiece of baroque painting style: diagonal composition, meticulous painting of skin, silk and hair, gorgeous light and shadow effect, dramatic spiral rise, dynamic throughout the whole picture ... it is worthy of being a textbook of baroque painting.
The other is Rubens' work Three Guanyin in his later years. Starting with the three angels in "Queen Mary Arrives in Marseilles", the women depicted by Rubens are getting fatter and fatter, and their skin is wrinkled into orange peel! That's ridiculous. This is the pinnacle. The little buddy who sent the little card at the gym door couldn't wait to climb into Master Lu's painting and give the goddess a fitness card.
Rubens likes to use the color of Haitian soy sauce as the background in his portraits (which was later carried forward by Rembrandt), and other paintings are always sunny, so in addition to the label of "white fat man", he has to label the master as "sunshine". If you don't listen carefully in this class, just remember: in a painting, if there is a "white fat man" whose skin is wrinkled like orange peel under the "bright sunshine", then this painting must be painted by Master Lu. Remember, remember.
As a slash youth, Master Lu had a smooth life, and his diplomatic and painting achievements were unparalleled. He gained fame and fortune and was promoted to a knight. There are countless nobles in his circle of friends: neither kings nor dukes nor famous masters in history are embarrassed to leave messages in his circle of friends. He also married Bai (always two * * *) and had a large family of children and grandchildren. His artistic style directly influenced the later masters Villar Katz and Rembrandt, and indirectly influenced the romantic master Delacroix, the impressionist master Renoir, and many later painters and schools. The number of more than 2,000 signed works is also a record.
After Master Lu ascended to heaven, the stars became more and more brilliant and were deified by later generations. His lifestyle of "never being chased and never being surpassed" is the highest realm pursued by countless artists for more than 400 years.
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