Yunnan minority sports events and forms are diverse and rich in content. These sports are not only the main form of people's fitness, but also the skills that people of all ethnic groups must have. Here are some examples.
(1) Wushu.
Wushu has a long history and is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan. The Neolithic rock paintings found in Cangyuan, Yunnan Province show us the primitive forms of martial arts, including sticks, gifts, shields, crossbows, bows and similar weapons, such as pestles and maces. It shows that the martial arts popular among local ethnic minorities have begun to take shape. Among the bronzes unearthed from Shizhai Mountain in Jinning, Yunnan and Lijiashan in Jiangchuan, there are a large number of weapons such as knives, spears, mallets, axes, swords and crossbows. In particular, the group sculptures fighting against the short soldiers in the Battle Scene with Shell Cover show a mature martial arts action, which is an example of Yunnan primitive martial arts and is of great significance to establishing the position of Yunnan national martial arts in the development of China martial arts. In the later development, according to their different characteristics, various ethnic minorities created martial arts forms suitable for their own nationalities. For example, among the numerous boxing methods created by Hui people, the most influential ones are "Heart Six Boxing", "Octupole Boxing", "Stop Boxing" and "Teach Men to Kick". Among them, "Heart Six Boxing" is called "Hard Boxing" in Wulin, which is a boxing method that combines rigidity with softness and has good fitness and defense effects. Lusheng Boxing, popular among Miao people, is a kind of boxing that combines practicality and appreciation. It is the product of Miao people's clever combination of Lusheng dance and labor boxing in long-term practice, and Shenzhen Special Zone is deeply loved by Miao people everywhere. Wearing martial arts is also extremely rich in content. The murals of Menghai Buddhist Temple in Xishuangbanna retain the precious image of Dai Wushu. It is estimated that there are hundreds of Dai Wushu routines popular in Xishuangbanna alone, and each has its own merits. Among them, "Peacock Boxing" is a set of distinctive boxing methods created by Dai people who have observed their favorite peacock behavior for a long time, imitated its movements, and integrated it with Tai Ji Chuan, Changquan, Mianquan and Qigong.
Instrumental fighting plays an important role in China Wushu, and there are many kinds of instruments used. The "overlord whip" performed by the Bai people in Dali during the festival is not only a whole set of dance movements performed by the Bai people, but also a combination of many traditional whip and stick movements. There are more than a dozen performers in the "Flower Dance" performed by the Yi people in Mopi Dazhai, Xinping, Yunnan. Some of them are armed with broadsword, nunchakus, trident, double knives, double hooks, fire and water sticks and other martial arts equipment. In addition to performing various plots of ancient wars, they also performed martial arts and recreated the killing scenes of the war. The performance was fierce, the scene was fierce and vivid. Besides fitness, it is also very ornamental. In addition, Miao's double-ring knife, Jingpo's long flat-headed knife and Achang's "Hu Sa Dao" are also the main instruments in the martial arts equipment attack.
(2) Horse racing and archery.
Since ancient times, horse riding and archery have been indispensable traditional sports activities for ethnic minorities in Yunnan. On the bronze drums, shells, ornaments and swords unearthed in Jinning and Jiangchuan, there are many patterns showing hunting images, which are of great scale and momentum. During the traditional festival-"March Street", the Bai people in Dali must hold traditional competitions such as horse racing and archery. Horse racing of Yi people is usually held on Pingba, and riders gallop on the circular track, and the first one wins. In the archery competition, the Yi people take the cow leg hanging from a tree 50 meters away as the target, as the prize of the piper. Crossbow shooting is also popular among Miao, Dai, Yi, Wa, Nu, Dulong, Jinuo and other ethnic groups, and many unique forms of crossbow shooting are exhibited, such as Nu's crossbow shooting, where experts can shoot fish swimming in the water.
(3) racial crossing.
Commonly known as dragon boat rowing, it is a very popular sports and entertainment activity among ethnic minorities in Yunnan. There are generally four boats on bronze drums unearthed in Jinning, Jiangchuan and other places, and the number of boatmen on the crew varies. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the custom of horse racing has gradually become a traditional sports activity of ethnic minorities in this area, and it has become an integral part of a traditional sports activity in the traditional sacrifice activities of ethnic minorities in the whole southwest region. The Dai people in Xishuangbanna will hold a grand dragon boat race on the Lancang River in the Dai New Year (namely the Dai Water-splashing Festival). This kind of "dragon boat rowing" activity with a broad mass base can not only entertain the body and mind, but also play an obvious role in cultivating the spirit of unity, cooperation and tenacious struggle.
It can be said that Yunnan's numerous nationalities and rich national cultures determine that traditional national sports are typical representatives of different forms and styles of national cultures. Throughout the traditional sports activities of various ethnic groups in Yunnan, we can see their obvious characteristics.
(4) Mongolian wrestling
Mongolian wrestling is one of the traditional Mongolian sports, which has a broad mass base on Mongolian grassland. It is a typical representative sport that embodies the strong character, tenacious fighting spirit, hard struggle and perseverance of the Mongolian people. In order to spread this national traditional competition to the whole country, the relevant departments have revised and tested the competition rules many times, and now the competition rules of Mongolian wrestling have been formally determined, and five national Mongolian wrestling invitational tournaments have been held in Hohhot and other places. From 65438 to 0990, the first international large-scale "Nadam" conference was held in Hohhot, which made Mongolian wrestling, a traditional national sport, attract worldwide attention.
(5) Activities around the forest
Walking around the mountain forest is a large-scale sports activity of the Bai people, which has a history of more than 1000 years. According to Yang Qiong's Notes on Central Yunnan, "There was a forest walk in Dali in the Qing Dynasty. Every spring, men and women get together, with nearly 10 million people in groups of 100. Men are like riding a fan with a towel, stepping, singing, or patting the whip. " Modern people's activities in the mountains broke superstition and advocated science. Young people, in particular, look for love and fun in activities around the mountains, regardless of the ranking and rewards of running, beating the whip, money drums, swimming, boating and horse racing. They mainly devote themselves to nature, enjoy the beauty of natural scenery and experience the fun and happiness of sports.
(6) Yugur horse racing
Yugur horse racing is located in the middle of Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, at the northern foot of the majestic Qilian Mountain, where the Yugur people live with a long history. With a population of more than 10,000 people, nearly 90% live in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, and the rest live in Huangnibao area of Jiuquan. Both the Yugur and the Uyghur originated from the Uighur in the Tang Dynasty, and their customs and habits are the same as those of the Tibetans. Engaged in animal husbandry production has a long history and rich experience, and now it is still based on animal husbandry and develops diversified operations around animal husbandry production. Sports are also very active. Since 1950s, Sunan Yugur Autonomous County has held many county sports meetings. Their traditional sports activities are mainly horse racing, and horse racing, wrestling and shooting are more popular. Yugur people hold horse races at weddings. Most weddings last three days. On the first day, the wedding was held at the bride's house. Relatives and friends brought wine and Hada to congratulate the bride's family. At dawn the next day, the bride was refitted and put on a headdress, accompanied by "depending on the wishes of the other party" (the captain of the farewell party), bridesmaids and new friends, and sent to the man's house by horses and camels respectively. As the farewell party approached the parents-in-law's house, several riders rushed to the counting room in front of the groom's house. Some relatives and friends of the groom's family knocked at the cashier's office, and some shouted loudly, making the horses afraid to approach. Then the camel rider rushed over again, and finally the camel rider and the camel rider rushed over together. Rushed up and walked around the tent three times.
It seems that there is no movement in the Hui nationality, but a devout Muslim has to pray five times a day, namely morning ceremony, afternoon ceremony, general ceremony, faint ceremony and night ceremony. The morning ceremony is a service before sunrise, the afternoon ceremony is a service at noon, and the general ceremony is a service between sunset and sunset, the faint ceremony is a service between sunset and the appearance of stars, and the night ceremony is a service between complete darkness and dawn the next day. In this way, we clearly know that in the morning, Muslims get up early, finish their prayers and start their day's work. At noon, when they can't work, they have seats for a week. In the afternoon, after the work is basically completed, they will work for another week. Before dark, they do it for a week before eating and then for a week before going to bed. It is difficult to describe the action of worship, and almost every part can be exercised. Moreover, do it five times a day and exercise every day. No matter how tired, no matter the weather, no matter how busy, you need strong perseverance. Compared with other ethnic minorities, although it is not as splendid as they are, it is not every day and there is no persistence. Isn't that what physical exercise is all about? The perfect combination of Muslim worship and work and rest is the best physical exercise to live in harmony and enrich the soul.