The change of civil engineering, also known as the change of civil castles and the disaster of civil engineering, refers to the defeat of the Northern Expedition to Walla, Zhu Qizhen in the 14th year of the Ming Dynasty (1449). Tumubao is a castle, located in Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. Civil fort is located in the line from Juyongguan to Datong Great Wall, which is a part of the Great Wall defense system.
In June of the 14th year of the Orthodox Church (1449), a Vala also invaded other people's territory first. Egged on by eunuch Wang Zhen, Ming Yingzong made two-year-old Zhu Jianshen the Crown Prince, leaving his half-brother Zhu Qiyu to lead the army to war. Military and political affairs were arbitrary by Wang Zhen, the marching route was changed repeatedly, and the soldiers were exhausted.
Kuang Yě, the minister of the Ministry of War, repeatedly asked to enter Juyongguan to ensure safety, but Wang Zhen refused. When the logistics troops did not continue to retreat to the civil fort, Wang Zhen ordered the camp to be moved. The hungry and unbearable soldiers were anxious and the troops were in chaos. Valla army took the opportunity to attack. The Ming army rushed to the battle, and the result was a big defeat. Sixty-six ministers, including Kuang Yě, the minister of the Ministry of War, and Wang Zuo, the minister of the Ministry of Housing, died.
At that time, the elite of the capital had fallen into the civil fort, leaving less than 100 thousand old and weak soldiers. Yu Qian urged Wang Xi to send troops to Beijing and Henan for training, and the Japanese troops to the coastal areas of Shandong and Ningxia, and the grain transport troops from Jiangbei and Beijing came to help. People gradually decided to send Yingzong back first and ask the city guards to open the door. Yu Qian and other ministers made Wang Xi emperor privately, and personally refused to defend the city, sending Yingzong back to Beijing first.
2. The change of grasping the door
The change of seizing the gate, also known as the restoration of Nangong, took place in Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu in the Ming Dynasty. Shi Heng, a general of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Youzhen, a politician and Cao Jixiang, a eunuch, were equal to the coup in which Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen was imprisoned in Nangong by Zhu Qiyu in the eighth year of Jingtai (1457).
After the restoration of Zhu Qizhen, the title was changed to Tianshun. On the same day, Zhu Qizhen ordered the arrest of Yu Qian, a minister of the Ministry of War, and Wang Wen, a minister of the official department. On January 22nd, the first year of Tianshun (1457), Yu Qian and Wang Wen were killed for treason and abandoned the city. And persecuted the civil and military officials recommended by Yu Qian. During the restoration, Shi Heng, Zhang Di, Xu Youzhen and others were promoted to official positions and knighted.
On the first day of February, it was abolished as king and moved westward. On February 19, Zhu Qiyu died at the age of 30. He was buried in Xishan with the gift of a prince, saying that he was furious and buried in Jinshan, which destroyed the Shouling he built. His concubines were also given death and martyrdom.
3. The Ming Dynasty unified war.
The unified war of Ming Dynasty was a series of battles from the first year of Hongwu to the twenty-second year of Ming Dynasty (1368- 1389). In order to unify the whole country, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and eliminate the separatist regime and the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty. ?
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a peasant uprising broke out, mainly with the Red Scarf Army. Under the cover of the Red Scarf Army in Jiangbei, Zhu Yuanzhang, the leader of the Rebel Army, unified Jiangnan in the 27th year of Yuan Dynasty (1367) after defeating the regimes of Chen Youliang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Zhang Shicheng, Wu Wang. Zhu Yuanzhang sized up the situation and decided to set up the Central Plains in the north and the coast in the south in order to seize the sovereignty of the country.
Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da to be general Lu and Chang Yuchun to be deputy general, taking the Central Plains from the north and entering Dadu (now Beijing); Tanghe conquered the southern generals and wiped out Fang Guozhen forces in eastern Zhejiang.
Hu Tingrui captured Fujian as a general of conquering the south; Yang Jing and others from Huguang Province attacked Guangxi. In the first month of the first year of Hongwu (1368), on the occasion of successive victories of various armies, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Yingtian (now Nanjing), with the name Daming, who was the founder of Ming Taizu.
4. Battle of Jingnan
The Battle of Jingnan, also known as the Jingnan Revolution, was a battle for the throne within the ruling class of the Ming Dynasty from the first year of Wen Jian (1399) to the fourth year of Wenjian (1402).
When Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty was in power, his children and grandchildren were enfeoffed to be vassals everywhere, and the influence of vassals was expanding day by day. Due to the premature death of Prince Zhu Biao, in the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yunwen, the great-grandson of the emperor, succeeded to the throne.
Wen Jian and his cronies Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng took a series of measures to reduce the number of vassals. At the same time, troops were deployed around Beiping and in the city, and the guards of Judy, the fourth son of Ming Taizu, were transferred to the Great Wall to get rid of the Prince.
5. Beijing Defence War
The Battle of Beijing, or the Battle of Defending the Capital, the Battle of Defending the Capital and the Battle of Defending the Capital, refers to a battle of defending the capital under the leadership of Yu Qian, the Minister of War 1449.
In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), on August 16th, the main force of the Ming army was defeated in the civil fort, and Ming Yingzong was also captured. The change of civil engineering made the Ming Dynasty encounter a serious crisis. At the critical moment, Yu Qian, then the minister of the Ministry of War, stepped up his readiness.