Stress is also a "stimulus" reaction, which can also be called "strain". It responds to stimuli, usually repeated stress in the body, which can lead to adaptation. For example, scientific and regular physical exercise can improve physical fitness. Of course, not all stress will have a benign reaction. For example, smoking is also stress, but it will not increase lung function.
Physiologically, any training class is a stress and adaptive response of the body. When the training plan can produce appropriate sports stress, it will significantly improve the sports ability. From the point of view of training, the magnitude of exercise load is relative, as long as the subjects can adapt to the maximum load of the body, it is beneficial. If it is not suitable and people can't stand it, it will cause injuries or overtraining.
Hans, the "father of stress", a Canadian physiologist and psychologist, has done a lot of work on stress (stress) response, and gained a deeper understanding through his corresponding stress → reaction → adaptation.
Seli is called "General Adaptation Syndrome" (gas). In his view, active response has three stages: vigilance stage, resistance stage and failure stage.
Early warning stage: a series of changes in sympathetic nerve excitement under the stimulation of the body (stress), such as blood sugar, blood pressure, accelerated heartbeat and increased muscle tension. During exercise, the pressure related to running, breathing and cardiac output increases, and the transport of oxygen is enhanced and redistributed to the muscles participating in exercise in the blood.
Resistance stage: if the pressure source is placed, the main body enters the resistance stage. During this period, all the characteristics of alarm response disappeared, but the resistance in the body was higher than the normal level, which made the body just face the pressure source. Confrontation has two results: first, the body has successfully withstood the pressure and the internal environment is stable; The second is to continue to exist and enter the failure period.
From the training point of view, the body's successful resistance to pressure or pressure is "physical adaptation", which represents the improvement of physical function. However, after the body enters the adaptive state, the body is not a response to any pressure. If the stimulus is too weak, it will not work under the standard. For example, it is meaningless to do 530 stretching exercises, which are extended for men's 3-hour runners. Similarly, if it is the other extreme, it will lead to injury or training if it is too exciting. The effective pressure to get an appropriate response also varies from person to person and is closely related to the mobile environment. A 40-year-old man runs a few kilometers in his office, but for a professional long-distance runner, it's just a warm-up activity. For the same person, different physical conditions are also enormous. People who are sick or discontinuous for a long time will also be very moved by the amount of training, which was easy to complete before. If the sports environment is cold, it will also have a great impact on the local sports performance, such as the plateau.
Failure stage: because there is no stressor (pressure), the adaptive resources of the body are exhausted, and the individual has no energy to resist the stressor, so there will be adverse physiological reactions. Finally, the individual's resistance will be reduced, failure and even death. The stress of failure may be acute, such as fracture, sprain and fatigue in a short time; It can also be chronic, such as overtraining (rich experience during illness can easily overload carriers). Chronic failure includes emotional problems.
Load refers to the intensity of exercise pressure, including exercise amount and exercise intensity (speed). Overload principle describes that overload methods may lead to habitual reaction and adaptation. Load is determined according to repetition times, time and frequency, and overload is active. Generally speaking, the greater the load, the deeper the fatigue and the longer the recovery time. No fatigue, no training, no training, no recovery. Because the corresponding stress adaptation needs enough rest and recovery, the fatigue recovery week starts from the whole training process. As a spare time, running is only a small part of life, and most of it is to deal with more important things, so the recovery during training is far greater than training. It is also clear that the higher the training level, the higher the recovery ability of the body.
Stress usually spreads in a specific system or body part, and rarely affects other systems or other parts of the body. For example, fully stimulating the right biceps will only produce the right biceps. As a marathon runner, routine aerobic training improves the cardiopulmonary function and muscle aerobic metabolism ability without increasing exercise muscles and inhibiting explosive force. Therefore, any training plan should reflect adaptive goals. The closer the training result is to the requirements of the competition, the better the effect will be.
This is another aspect of the repetitive overload principle. Training can improve athletic ability, but not training will also reduce athletic ability. Retired athletes are examples. A typical endurance event is the load of preparation, which must be done now. For runners, except patients, interval training should not exceed one week. Scientific Training | Main Factors Affecting Sports Ability
Everyone knows that running fast and slow and athletic talent. We are all independent individuals. Although the physiological response to special stimuli is predicted, different individuals have different responses and adaptations to accurate stimuli. People with good fitness talent are very positive and train very fast. The benefits of training are different for everyone. Hired runners make their bodies more meaningful than Marasson runners themselves, or this is the value of marathon.
Operation and lubrication are essential. For people who are running, they can take part, but the marathon is different. This is the extreme running of human pursuit of speed, which is a great challenge for professional athletes. For male runners, what they bring to the marathon team is "products", not "spells".
"Product" needs time and mentality. Without the ability of "product", we have to run more marathon changes, not too much for others.