Xiangjiang Campaign, known as Quanzhou Campaign in Kuomintang, is a battle related to the life and death of the Central Red Army. 1 934165438+1October 27th to 65438+February1day, the Central Red Army fought hard with the Kuomintang troops in Xing 'an, quanzhou county and Guanyang counties in the upper reaches of Xiangjiang River for five days and nights, and finally crossed Xiangjiang River from Quanzhou and Xing 'an, breaking through the fourth blockade of the Kuomintang army. However, the Central Red Army also paid a very heavy price for this. The number of army officers and soldiers and central government personnel dropped sharply from more than 80,000 at the beginning of the Long March to more than 30,000.
1. The Battle of Xinxu
Xinwei, located in the northwest of Guanyang County, Guangxi, is 5 km away from the county seat/kloc-0 in the south, and the nearest point to the westward route of the Red Army in the north is Daqiao Village.
Gulingtou is 5 kilometers, 30-40 kilometers away from Xiangjiang ferry. A highway from Guanyang to Quanzhou passes through here. Gulingtou, 5 kilometers north of Xinxu, is the only place for the Red Army to go to the ferry. There is a Ma Pingchuan to the north of Xinxu until the bank of Xiangjiang River, and there is no danger in defense. The road from Xinxu to Madu Bridge in the south is about 10 km long, with hills and vegetation on both sides, and sniper positions can be established. In order to prevent Gui Jun in Guanyang County from cutting off the Red Army's westward passage, the Zhongge Military Commission ordered the Fifth Division of the Red Third Army Corps to go south from Xinxu, occupy Madu Bridge and block Gui Jun, south of Xinxu.
Li Tianyou (General), the commander of the fifth division of the Red Third Army Corps, and Zhong Chibing (Lieutenant General), the political commissar, led the 14th and 15th regiments (the 13th regiment was under the command of the War Department) and the artillery battalion of the Central Military Commission with more than 3,900 men. At about 10/6 on the afternoon of October 27th, they rushed to Xinxu in front of Guijun and occupied Xinxu to Guanyang. In the afternoon, Wu Gongshi's vanguard troops met the reconnaissance company in Gui Jun, and the Red Army actively repelled the reconnaissance company in Gui Jun, and pursued it south along the highway to the vicinity of the foot of Maple Tree. Because the Madu Bridge in front was occupied by Gui Jun, the fortifications were built on the hills around the foot of the maple tree. After receiving the report, Li Tianyou decided to set up sniper positions on the hills on both sides of the road about 8 kilometers south of Xinxu to Jiangcuntou. This line of defense is 7 kilometers away from Guanyang County and 5 kilometers away from Da Qiao Village, the nearest channel for the Red Army to advance to Xiangjiang River. The first section of the Red Fifth Division is located near the foot of the maple tree, with the highway as the boundary, dividing the troops into the left and right wings, and cooperating with each other to form cross fire. The Red 15 group is arranged on the left side of the highway, namely Dalongshan, Shuikou Mountain and Zhongshan Mountain. 14 The red ball is arranged on the right side of the highway, namely Moon Mountain and Judge Mountain. The division command post is located in Yangliujing, one or two miles away from the first sniper position; The "Red Star" artillery battalion of the Central Military Commission was temporarily deployed on the left side of the mountain near the command post.
On the Kuomintang side, Gui Jun deployed seven regiments in the direction of Xinxu, with 15 army commander Xia Wei as the main force, 15 army's 44th division (Wang Zanbin) as the 44th division reserve, and the 7th army's 24th division as the 65434th division reserve.
On the afternoon of June 27th, 165438+ Gui Jun striker captured Madu Bridge south of Fengshujiao before the Red Army. However, because the Red Army established a sniper position near the foot of Maple Tree, Gui Jun could not move forward after occupying Madu Bridge, so he took Lion Mountain, skinny Ma Qi and Zhangjialing as the frontier positions for protection. Gui Jun is about 1000 meters away from the forward position of the Red Army, with paddy fields, early fields and small villages in the middle. Both sides can see each other's positions.
At dawn on 28th, under the cover of artillery, machine guns, heavy artillery and mortars, the 44th Division of Gui Jun launched an attack on the frontier position of Wu Gongshi. The Red Fifth Division responded calmly, blocked roads with intensive firepower and annihilated a large number of enemies. The "Red Star" artillery battalion also provided fire support. Gui Jun's frontal attack was blocked, so in the afternoon 16, he sent an army along several hills on the left side of the Red Army, bypassing Zhongshan and Shuikou Mountain, the frontier positions of the Red Army. The Red Army was caught between Scylla and Charybdis and suffered heavy losses. In some forward positions, there is only one soldier left in a platoon on the mountain. The Red Fifth Division was forced to retreat to the second line of defense. That night, the Red Army retreated to the Pingtouling and Jianbeiling lines on both sides of Yangliujing, and rushed to build fortifications overnight. Pingtouling and Jianbeiling are the highest peaks on both sides of the highway. The Red Fifteen Regiment defends the Pingtouling on the left side of the highway, and the Red Fourteen Regiment defends the Jianbeiling on the right side of the highway. These two positions are opposite to each other.
On the 29th, Gui Jun 24th Division and 45th Division134th Regiment (headed by Ling Yaxi) went into battle, and the fighting became more intense. Gui Jun first bombed and strafed at low altitude with a team of six planes of the Air Force, then the artillery bombarded indiscriminately, and then the infantry attacked repeatedly. By noon, Gui Jun's attack, which was a combination of frontal attack and flank detour, had cornered the hill controlled by the Red Army. The Red Army and Gui Jun fought hand-to-hand for the top of the mountain many times, but in the end, due to the disparity in strength, the Red Fifth Division suffered heavy casualties. 14 political commissar was injured; 15 group leader Bai Zhiwen (Major General) and political commissar Luo Yuanfa (Lieutenant General) were injured, and two of the three battalion commanders were killed, resulting in more than 500 casualties in the whole group. Several hills at the forefront have fallen one after another, and the second line of defense is about to be broken. Li Tianyou, the teacher of Wugong Division, ordered Hu Zheng, the chief of staff of Wugong Division, to take over the command of Wugong Regiment from Bai Zhiwen in front, and telephoned Huang Mianchang, the head of Wu Gong Regiment, to shrink the defense line and transfer the regiment command post to the position of division command post. At this time, Gui Jun's machine guns and artillery fire have reached the division command post, and the division command post is ready to move. As a result, before the division command post was transferred, Li Tianyou received the news of the sacrifice of Hu Zheng, the chief of staff of the division. As soon as Li Tianyou arrived at the new command post, he received a report on the sacrifice of Huang Mianchang, head of the 14th Red Army Corps.
At that time, the Red Fourteenth Regiment was defending the Jianbeiling on the right side of the highway. Gui Jun dispatched more than 65,438+0,000 men to attack Jianbeiling from the front, and was repelled by the 14th Red Regiment. After Gui Jun was frustrated, he turned to attack from two sides. Huang Mianchang, the head of the Red Fourteenth Regiment, was shot and injured in the leg, and he reluctantly commanded the battle. Huang Mianchang judged that with the fire support of the Red Fifteen Regiment on the left, the enemy was not easy to attack. Some right-wing firepower has been shifted to the front, which is a weak point and may become the focus of enemy attacks. He ordered the troops to immediately transfer the main firepower to the right, leaving only one platoon leader and two teams to stick to it on the left.
Soon, Gui Jun sent more than 2000 people to attack the right side of Jianbeiling. After Gui Jun climbed a hillside, he was immediately blocked by the Red Fourteenth Regiment and could not move forward. However, when the cunning Gui Jun stormed the right wing, he assembled an army to attack the left wing. The situation on the left side was critical. Huang Mianchang ordered the instructor He Cheng to lead a team to fight against the enemy on the right side, and took the opportunity to spare some troops to support the left side. However, the right-wing enemy launched a counterattack, and the Red Army was outnumbered and forced to retreat into the fortifications. Colonel Huang Mianchang was shot several times and died heroically.
The sharp back ridge defended by the 14th Red Army Corps and the flat head ridge defended by the 15th Red Army Corps fell one after another. The Red Army alternately covered, fought and retreated, and built several layers of fortifications on the tiger-shaped mountain near Banqiaopu to concentrate on defense.
In the early morning of the 30th, Wu Gongshi received an order to rescue the position of Guanghuapu in Gongsi Division, and the position of Xinxu was handed over to Gong Liu Division 18 Regiment for defense. As the 18 regiment failed to arrive in time, Wu Gongshi was forced to continue to struggle with Gui Jun.
After a bloody battle until noon, Guijun saw that he could not take the tiger-shaped mountain (tiger-shaped bag), so he made a detour to Zuoshan with heavy troops and joined the Red Army bring up the rear. At the same time, several planes were dispatched to bomb the tiger bag. After a period of desperate resistance, the Red Army was forced to retreat to Nanmu Mountain and Paolou Mountain near Xinxu.
On the afternoon of 30th 15, the Red 18 Regiment rushed to Xinxu, and the Red 5 Division handed over the defense on the afternoon 16, and quickly rushed to the mouth of the canal southeast of Jieshou, where it joined the Red 13 Regiment and crossed the river from Jieshou.
When Peng's main division was withdrawn, his chief of staff, the head of the 14th regiment, the deputy head, the chief of staff of the regiment and the director of the political department died, the head of the 15th regiment, the political commissar of the 15th regiment and the political commissar of the 14th regiment were seriously injured, and most of the cadres below the battalion were sacrificed. There were more than 3,000 people in the whole division before the battle, and only 1000 wounded soldiers were left when they came down. The History of the Third Army Regiment of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army says: "The 14th and 15th regiments of the Red Army fought bloody battles for three days and nights, with more than 2,000 casualties". 1934 65438+On February 2, 2004, a briefing on the enemy situation on the Radio of the Military Commission mentioned: "The Fifth Division of the Third Army Corps suffered great losses in this battle ... There were only more than 600 regiments in the 13th and 14th regiments, and there were 400 to 500 people in the 15th regiment ...". After crossing the river, the Red Fifth Division was reduced to a regiment.
After the Red 18 regiment took over the defense in Xinxu, it hastily deployed the defense in the area near Nanmushan Village to the south of Xinxu. Two of the battalions were guarding the Gun Tower Hill near Nanmushan Village, and one battalion deployed defense in Chen Jiabai. Gui Jun journey to the south pursued the 18th Red Regiment and stayed in Nanmushan Village to besiege the 18th Red Regiment. Gui Jun stormed Nanmushan position of the Red 18th Regiment at dawn on February 1 June, and the Red 18th Regiment suffered heavy casualties. In order to avoid the troops being eaten, the defenders of the Red Eighteen Battalion were forced to retreat and move closer to the battalion deployed after Chen Jiahou. Gui Jun defended the 18th Regiment, quickly occupied the watchtower mountain after the 18th Regiment retreated, and pursued it all the way. As soon as the two battalions of the Red 18th Regiment were evacuated to Chen, they were caught up. At noon, one part of the Red 18 regiment was surrounded by Chen's division, and the other part, led by the head Zeng Chunjian and the political commissar, fought and retreated, and moved to Xiangjiang River, and finally was surrounded by division in Gulingtou, Quanzhou. Most of the 2,000 soldiers of the Red 18 Regiment died heroically, only a few soldiers broke through the encirclement, but were killed by local militia in the subsequent encirclement, and only a few soldiers lived incognito among the people. Liu Hongshi's other two regiments (16 and 17) also suffered heavy losses. The whole division was basically not compiled, and later it was reduced to an independent regiment.
1934165438+1on the afternoon of October 29th 15, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission ordered the Red 34th Division to take the place of the 6th Division to stop Gui Jun at Mangrove Corner (Maple Corner) in the morning. But in fact, when the 34th Division received the order, the position of Hongshujiao (Fengshujiao) in Xinxu had already fallen. The order of the Military Commission made the 34th Division go deep alone, and finally the whole army was wiped out.
From 1 65438+1October 30th, Gui Jun bypassed the Red Army position and swarmed northward from 65438+February1. Among them, the 44th Division of Gui Jun pursued in the direction of Mazidu and Jietou in Xiangjiang River through Shitangxu in the northwest of Xinxu, and the 24th Division pursued in the north from the west side of Shi Wen.134th Regiment stayed in Guanyang County. On the morning of 65438+February 1 day, the 24th Division of Gui Jun arrived near Shi Wen, northeast of Xinxu, disarmed about one company of Zhou Hunyuan column of Kuomintang Central Army, forced the Central Army to stop its westward advance, and then turned around to pursue the Red Army's westward advance. A large number of troops of the Central Red Army who did not cross the river were cut off and scattered by the 44th and 24th Divisions of Gui Jun, and suffered heavy losses.
2. The border war
Jieshou blocking war, also known as Guanghuapu blocking war, is one of the three famous blocking battlefields in Xiangjiang Campaign.
The boundary is an ancient Wei Dynasty, which is located in the north of xing an 15km west bank of Xiangjiang River. It is the most important crossing point when the Central Red Army crosses Xiangjiang River. The Fourth Division of the Red Third Army Corps mobilized the local people and built some pontoons on the river to facilitate the column of the Military Commission and the follow-up troops to cross the river. On the west bank of Xiangjiang River, less than 100 meters from Jieshou Ferry, there is an ancient ancestral hall called "Sanguantang". The main road of the pontoon bridge across the river erected by the Red Army passes in front of Sanguantang. During the Xiangjiang Campaign, the command post of Peng, head of the Red Third Army Corps, was located in the "Sanguantang". After Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and other central leaders crossed the river, they also entered Sanguantang to command troops to cross the river.
1934165438+1On the afternoon of October 27th, the 4th regiment of the 2nd Division of the Red Army Corps won the championship. After the Red Fourth Regiment captured the border, it was ordered to reinforce Jiao Shan Pu, and then handed over the border defense to the Third Regiment and the Fourth Division.
On the evening of the 27th, the vanguard troops of the 4th Division of the 3rd Army Corps arrived at the border and began to set up the pontoon bridge.
On the 28th, all three regiments of Gongsi Division arrived at Jieshou and deployed on both sides of Xiangjiang River near Jieshou. Xie Songtou and Su Zhenhua political commissar led the Red Twelve Regiments to stay at the mouth of Hedong Jiangnan Canal. Deng Guoqing, head of the delegation, and Zhang Aiping, political commissar, led the Red Eleven Group out of Shimen and northwest China for protection. Colonel Shen Shuqing and the political commissar of Yong Yang led the Red Ten Regiment to protect Guanghuadian, south of the border on the west bank of Xiangjiang River.
Yuan Pai, director of the political department of the Red Sanjuntuan, and Liu Zhijian, propaganda minister, bid for the 10th regiment, and instructed the 10th regiment to build fortifications in the areas of Guanghuapu and Fengshanpu, south of the border, in order to stop the invading enemy.
Guanghuapu is a small village near Huang Gui Highway between Jieshou and Xing 'an, 5 kilometers south of Jieshou Ferry, with open paddy fields in the north and rolling hills on the other three sides.
On the 29th, Shen Shu, head of the Red Ten Regiment, ordered Zhang zhen, battalion commander of 3rd Battalion, to lead two companies, a machine gun company and another continuous cropping reserve team to the south of Guanghua Shop to build fortifications in the direction of Xing 'an County. The main force of the regiment is deployed in the highland near Qukoudu, and the regiment command post is located in the small highland near the ferry.
On the Kuomintang side, the 43rd Division 128 Regiment (Feng Huang) of the 15 Army stationed in Xing 'an found that Jieshou Ferry was occupied by the Red Army, and quickly transferred the troops of a division from Pingle (133 Regiment, 135 Regiment, 15 Regiment).
On the morning of the 29th, a reconnaissance plane in Gui Jun flew over the border and swooped and strafed the Red Army. On the afternoon of 29th, several bombers from Gui Jun flew to Jieshou Ferry and blew up all the temporary pontoons built by the Red Army. That night, the Red Army assembled ships and set up a pontoon bridge again. The next morning, it was bombed by enemy planes again. Yuan, director of the Political Department of the Red Third Army Corps, assisted Commander-in-Chief Zhu De to command the troops to fight for several hours, and once again completed the construction of the pontoon bridge.
On the evening of 29th, the 43rd Division (Huang Zhenguo) of Gui Jun 15 Army launched an attack on the Guanghua Plateau occupied by the Red Army. In the middle of the night, the soldiers on duty of the 3rd Battalion deployed in front found a flashlight shaking on the hill beside the Xiangjiang River, and they were busy reporting to the battalion commander Zhang zhen. Zhang zhen immediately sent an army to search, but no flashlight was found. Just when the soldiers searching felt a little strange, they found that there were dense flashlight lights flashing on the west bank of Xiangjiang River. It turns out that Gui Jun No.1 has detoured to the back of the 3rd Battalion position and went straight into the border river ferry. Gui Jun's troops went to 2.5 kilometers south of Jieshou Ferry, and came into contact with the main force of the Red Ten Regiment. Then there was a fierce exchange of fire between the two sides. Battalion Commander Zhang zhen saw that the ferry was in danger, so he quickly contracted his troops, fought back violently, and attacked Gui Jun with the main force of the 10th regiment. The enemy and I fought in secret, but the number of enemies was large, and the two sides formed a confrontation after fierce fighting. In the melee, Gui Jun twice attacked the place less than 100 meters away from Sanguantang. Yang, the political commissar of the Red Third Army Corps, and the guards repeatedly advised Peng to move, but Peng thought it convenient to command and help cover the Central Military Commission to cross the river and refused to leave.
At dawn on the 30th, Zhang zhen led the 3rd Battalion to meet the regimental headquarters, but some enemies broke through the 10 regimental defense line and occupied the ferry. At this point, the first column of the Central Military Commission is about to arrive at the east coast to prepare to cross the river, and the situation is extremely critical. The main leaders of the Central Committee and the headquarters of the Central Red Army are all in the first column of the Military Commission, and the first column of the Military Commission cannot cross the river. This is a serious situation. Colonel Shen Shuqing saw that the 3rd Battalion suffered heavy casualties and ordered the 3rd Battalion to rest. He personally led the 1st and 2nd Battalions to the ferry and stormed Gui Jun. He was a small but persistent threat to the Red Army troops crossing the river. Neither the enemy nor we can rely on fortifications, and the battle is extremely cruel. After repeated fighting, the Red Ten Regiment finally recaptured the west bank of the border crossing, but Shen Shuqing, the head of the Ten Regiment, was unfortunately shot and killed in the charge, only 26 years old. After the sacrifice of Colonel Shen, Peng ordered Du Zhongmei, chief of staff of the Fourth Division, to take over as the head of the Red Ten Regiment. Du Zhongmei led the army to drive the remaining enemies of Gui Jun to the south of Guanghuapu.
On the morning of the 30th, the first column of the Central Military Commission crossed the Xiangjiang River from Jieshou and entered the Datian area in the northwest of Jieshou.
Soon, the 45th Division of Gui Jun of Yunsong Wei Department rushed to Xing 'an. Gui Jun in Xing 'an increased to four regiments. Gui Jun immediately took the superior forces of the two regiments and, with the support of artillery fire, launched a crazy counterattack against the Red Ten Regiment. At noon on the 30th, Guanghuapu fell. In order to recapture Guanghua Store, Colonel Du Zhongmei quickly organized troops to counterattack. When charging at Zhangjialing Highland, Eucommia ulmoides was shot and killed, and Gui Jun returned. Yong Yang, political commissar of the Red Ten Regiment, was wounded in the leg by shrapnel. In order to preserve its strength, Yong Yang evacuated its troops to the Longfeitang in Shimen, to Wanzhaling and Dadong Village in the north and to Xiangjiang River in the east, and built a second line of defense.
In order to recapture Guanghua Store, Peng's other two regiments rushed to reinforce the Red Ten Regiment of Gongsi Division. Gui Jun bombers bombed the pontoon bridge at Jieshou Ferry, but with the cooperation of local people, the Red Army set up a pontoon bridge to ensure that all the first and second columns of the Military Commission crossed the Xiangjiang River.
While Peng sent troops to reinforce Guanghuapu, another regiment has quietly crossed the Xiangjiang River and rapidly advanced from the east bank of Xiangjiang River to Jieshou Ferry. At that time, the second column of the Military Commission had arrived near the Moon Mountain east of Jieshou before noon. If Gui Jun's regiment continues to advance northward, the consequences will be unimaginable. Seeing that the situation was urgent, Peng quickly ordered the head of the 13th regiment of the division to lead his troops to quickly attack the unstable enemy on the east coast and stop it from continuing northward. After dusk, the second column of the Central Committee began to cross the river. Peng ordered the Fourth Division of the Third Army Corps to concentrate all its forces to launch a counterattack against the enemy of Guanghuapu. It was another bitter night. Although we failed to recapture Guanghua Store, we finally established a second sniper line between Guanghua Store and Jieshou.
1 February 1 at 0: 30 a.m, Zhu De, chairman of the Central Military Commission, issued an emergency operation order to the whole army: "(1) On the 30th, the enemy of Quanzhou entered Zhutangpu, the enemy of Xing 'an entered Guanghuapu, and the enemy of Guanyang occupied the new perimeter and continued to advance in the direction of Gulingtou. Zhou's vanguard may have crossed the river. ..... The deployment and tasks of the First Corps are as follows: ... C. The Third Corps should concentrate more than two divisions in the driveway and its western area, with the task of expelling the enemy of Guanghua Store to the south and occupying Tangjiacheng and Xishan area. The troops of the Sixth Division stayed on the east bank of the river, shouldering the task of occupying Shiyu Village and covering the troops intercepted by the Fifth and Eighth Legions and the Sixth Division. Under the first cover of a battalion staying at the border, the battalion should send a team to Mazidu to contact the Fifth Army. As a last resort, the Third Army Corps must be bound at the border and its southwest and southeast areas. ……"
In this order, the CMC asked the Red Sanjuntuan to concentrate the main forces of the Fourth Division and the Fifth Division on the Huang Gui Highway on the west and west sides of the Xiangjiang River, leaving only one battalion at the head, which is reasonable. At that time, two columns of the Central Military Commission had partially crossed the river and lacked fighting capacity. If Gui Jun near Guanghua Store bypasses the position of Sanjuntuan and attacks the column of the Military Commission, the consequences will be unimaginable. In order to prevent this serious situation, the Red Sanjuntuan must extend its defense line to the west. But it also means the extension of the front, and the border crossing is in danger.
65438+At dawn on February 1 day, the 14th and 15th regiments of the Wu Gong Division, which had withdrawn from the Xinxu blockade war, arrived, joined the 13th regiment, took over the defense of the Gong Gong Division, and took part in the sniper (Zhang zhen said that the troops of the Wu Gong Division arrived 30 nights ago, but it could be said that it was the 13th regiment).
In the early morning of 65438+February 1 day, Xiangjiang River was swallowed up by the vast fog, and the faces of people more than ten meters away could not be seen clearly. I continued to fight fiercely with the enemy in the dense fog. The fourth division of the Red Sanjuntuan and the main force of Wu Gong's division who withdrew from Xinxu stopped the enemy of Guanghua Store on the west bank of Jietou, and the main force of Gong Liu Division (short of foreman's 18th regiment) arrived at the east bank of Jietou, organized the crossing of the river, stopped the enemy of Xing 'an in the north, and covered the Gongba and Hong Jiu legions who got up at night and waded across the Xiangjiang River from Huangzui Ferry.
By noon on June 5438+February 1 day, most of the main forces of the Central Red Army had crossed the Xiangjiang River, and other troops responsible for cover had been ordered to evacuate, but the Red Fourth Division had not received an evacuation order. Gui Jun's offensive has not weakened, GongSiShi alone, if you don't retreat in time, the consequences are unimaginable. Huang Kecheng, political commissar of GongSiShi, felt that the situation was not good, and suggested to Zhang Zongxun, the teacher, that he organize troops to retreat to the west. The first battle is over.
3. Battle of Jueshan
Jueshanpu blocking war is one of the three famous blocking wars in Xiangjiang Campaign, and it is a battle in which both sides invested the most troops.
On the Kuomintang side, 1 routed the Xiang army under the command of Commander Liu, including 16 division (Zhang), 62 division (Tao Guang), 63 division () and 19 division () 1 brigade, 4 supplementary regiments and 3 peace preservation corps. Followed by Xiang, Xue Yue has five divisions and has also advanced into the Yellow River. Chiang Kai-shek's flying brigade in Hengyang can also fly in at any time to assist the ground attack of the Xiang army. At that time, the establishment of Xiang Army was 1 10,000 to10.2 million, and the total strength of Liu Department of Xiang Army reached 60,000 to 70,000.
As far as the Red Army is concerned, it is the Red Army of Lin Biao. The Red Army Corps has three divisions: the Red 1st Division, the Red 2nd Division and the Red 15th Division (less than the * * * International Division). According to the statistics of the Red Army roster 1934 on June 8, the Red Army Corps has * * 19880 people. However, after the continuous downsizing of the first three blockade lines, there were not so many people in the Red Army Corps during the Xiangjiang Campaign. On the first day of the Battle of Jiao Shan (Jueshan), the Red Army Corps joined the Red Second Division, the Red First Division, a regiment and four regiments. The next day, I joined all six regiments of Red One Division and Red Two Division.
1934165438+1On October 27th, Liu Bu of Xiang Army occupied the whole state and set up a cordon outside the city. After crossing the Xiangjiang River from Pingshan, Jiantang Township, quanzhou county, the Fifth Regiment of the Second Division of the Red Army Corps was ordered to seize the county seat of Quanzhou, but it arrived six hours later than Xiang, so it had to occupy the first line of Luqiao and Jiaoshanpu (also known as Jueshan) located at 16 km south of Quanzhou to build fortifications. On the same day, the Sixth Regiment of Red Second Division crossed Xiangjiang River from Daping to Meier Beach. The Red Second Division and the Fourth Regiment occupied the border, immediately handed over their positions to the Fourth Division of the Third Army Corps, and rushed to Jiao Shan to lay reinforcements. The Second Regiment of the Red First Division crossed the river from Daping Ferry, Fenghuang Township, Quanzhou. By the 29th, when the fighting started, three regiments of the Red Second Division, two regiments of the Red First Division and four regiments of * * * had all entered the sniper positions in Jiao Shan.
Jueshanpu is a small village with only more than 20 families, which is located along the Gui (Lin)-Huang (Shahe) highway, 0/6 km away from Quanzhou/KLOC-in the north and about 30 km away from the border ferry crossing the river by the column of the Central Military Commission in the south. There are several hills around the village, which are divided into east and west sides by the North-South Huang Gui Highway and cross with the Huang Gui Highway. From east to west, these mountains are: Huangdi Ridge, Jianfengling, Tian Chong Phoenix Ridge, Meili Shutou Ridge, Mihua Mountain and Baozi Mountain. Huangdiling and Jianfengling are on the east side of the highway, while Tian Chong Phoenix Ridge, Meirenshutou Ridge, Mihuashan Mountain and Huaizhong Baozi Mountain are on the west side of the highway. Among them, Huangdiling and Huaizi Zhanshan are the highest, both at the southern end. The whole terrain is high in the south and low in the north. The enemy in the north attacked from behind, and the Red Army was in command. According to this terrain, Lin Biao, political commissar Nie Rongzhen and chief of staff Zuo Quan decided to set up two sniper lines in Jiao Shan, with a mountain column in the north as the first sniper line and a mountain column in the south as the second sniper line. The headquarters of the Legion is located on the mountain not far from Shanjiaodian.
Lin Biao ordered the Red Six Regiment to guard Meishuling on the west side of the highway, the Red Five Regiment to guard Pioneer Ridge on the east side of the highway, the Red Four Regiment to guard the front and both sides of the highway, and the Red Two Regiment as the reserve team. In order to prevent a detour, Lin Biao urgently ordered the Red First Division to reinforce Jiao Shan, and prepared to deploy all of them in Meishangtouling area on the west side of the highway after the arrival of the Red First Division (lacking a regiment).
On the morning of 29th, Xiang took 16 (Zhang) and 19 (Li Jue) divisions as the vanguard, and 62 (Taoguang) and 63 (Chen Guangzhong) divisions as the reserve, which overwhelmed the foothills of the Red Army Corps.
At first, the Kuomintang army dispatched a dozen planes, three in a group, to strafe and bomb the positions of the Red Second Division, and then shelled them with intensive artillery fire. As soon as the shelling stopped, the infantry launched a charge intensively.
On the 29th, the Xiang army organized several attacks, but failed to capture a hill of the Red Army. Afraid of being attacked by the Red Army at night, the attacking enemy retreated to the north of Luban Bridge.
On the morning of 30th, Li Jukui, the commander of the Red First Division, and Lai Chuanzhu, the political commissar, led two other regiments of the Division to Jiao Shan from the border of Hunan and Guangxi. Lin Biao deployed the first and third regiments from Li Jukui on the left-wing Mihua Mountain line on the west side of the highway, with the first regiment from Yang Dezhi as the reserve, and the third and second regiments that arrived first were blocked at the front.
When the Red First Division arrived at Jueshan, the Xiang Army in the north was further adjusted, and on the basis of the original offensive forces, it invested a multi-division force, broke through the defense line of Jueshan and blocked the Xiangjiang River ferry to the south.
At dawn, Xiang's attack began, with more people and more firepower than on the first day. The fortifications of the Red Army were destroyed by artillery fire, and the command posts of various regiments were forced to move constantly, but the troops still used cameras to fight back. After several charges, Xiang judged that the Red Army was short of troops and changed its tactics. While continuing to attack the forward positions of the Red Army in turn, he made a detour to the flank of the Red Army position with large troops to lengthen the Red Army front in order to find a weak link to break through.
This move soon worked, and several hills at the forefront of the Red Army fell one after another, becoming a bridgehead for attacking several main peaks. In the afternoon, the Mihuashan position of the left-wing Red First Division fell. After the Xiang army occupied Mihua Mountain, more follow-up troops went into battle, taking Mihua Mountain as a springboard and launched a series of attacks on the hills east of Renmeishutou Ridge. In order to avoid being surrounded and reduce losses, the Red First Division abandoned Meishutou Ridge and moved closer to Baoziling, the branch of the Second Division. Lin Biao's army and General Nie's regimental headquarters moved to Huangziling, on the right side of the Red Second Division. After the fall of Mihua Mountain and Meirenshutouling, the Xiang army concentrated on attacking Jianfengling, the right-wing position defended by the Fifth Regiment of the Second Red Division. Pioneer Ridge is the prominent position of the Red Fifth Regiment, on which only political commissar Yi Dangping led two soldiers to defend. Under the attack of a superior force, all two companies of the Red Five Regiment suffered casualties, and the political commissar of the Regiment was easily wiped out and seriously injured. He shot himself because he didn't want to be a prisoner. Only a few people from the Red Five Regiment broke through.
After the fall of Jianfengling, the Xiang army immediately stormed the isolated position of the Red Fourth Regiment. At that time, the Red Fourth Regiment was ordered to be deployed on both sides of Huang Gui Highway, and the Third Battalion was on the left, under the command of Chief of Staff Li Yinghua; The second battalion is on the right, led by political commissar Yang Chengwu; 1 Battalion, led by Geng Biao, is arranged on the head-on hillside at the corner of Jueshanpu Central Highway, forming a concave defensive position. Regardless of the 2nd and 3rd battalions deployed on the left and right, the A Xiang Army directly rushed to the middle position of the 1st 1 Battalion. Yang Chengwu, the political commissar of the Fourth Regiment, who was directing operations in the right position, saw that the first battalion was getting tired, so he organized the second battalion to support it quickly. When crossing the road, he was shot and his right leg was injured.
About before and after Yang Chengwu's injury, Chen Guang, the teacher of the Red Second Division, personally rushed to the forefront, instructing Geng Biao to give up his position at the foot of the mountain and move closer to Huangdiling. Geng Biao divided the whole regiment into three groups to cover alternately, then retreated after the fight, and retreated to Huangdiling, south of Jianfengling. The Red Five and Six regiments also retreated to Huangdiling at this time. At this time, the Red First Division and the Red Second Division retreated to Baoziling and Huangdiling respectively, and it was dusk on the 30th.
After nightfall, the ground gradually quieted down. The left-wing Baoziling is still in the hands of the Red First Division, and the right-wing Huangdiling is still in the hands of the Red Second Division. But the Xiang army has occupied the highway, separating the two divisions of the Red Army.
That night, under the cover of darkness, Xiang detoured to the Red First Division, which clung to Baoziling tightly. In order to avoid being annihilated by the Xiang army, Li Jukui, the commander of the Red First Division, commanded the troops to retreat to Shuitou and Xiabitian in the southwest.
After the retreat of the Red First Division, the Red Second Division seemed isolated. Teacher Chen Guang retreated the Red Second Division to Zhu Lan Shop and Baisha area on the right side of the Red First Division, and formed the second sniper line together with Shuitou and Xiabitian defended by the Red First Division. The second sniper line is ten kilometers long and the front is too long. Moreover, it is a low-lying small earth mountain, low in the south and high in the north. The attacking Xiang army was commanding, and the situation of the Red Army was very unfavorable.
65438+February 1, just before dawn, the attack of Xiang army began. Guns rumbling on the ground, ShaSheng deafening. The fighting is getting fiercer and fiercer, with more and more casualties. All the hills occupied by the Red Army are in a tight situation, especially at the junction of the First and Second Red Divisions. On the left at the junction of the Red First Division and the Red Second Division is the Red First Division's 3rd Regiment led by Huang Yongsheng, and on the right is the Red Second Division's 4th Regiment led by Geng Biao. Xiang first stormed the position of the Red Third Regiment of the First Division of the Left Wing, and made nine consecutive attacks, all of which were repelled by the Red Third Regiment. At this time, Xiang found that the Zhu Lan store defended by the Red Fourth Regiment was a weak point, because the manager of Zhu Lan was about 5 kilometers, while the Red Fourth Regiment had less than 1000 people, and its strength was very thin. At that time, Yang Chengwu, political commissar of the Red Fourth Regiment, was injured, and Geng Biao, head of the Red Fourth Regiment, was very weak because of malaria. A concentrated force, focusing on attacking Zhu Lan shop. The left wing of the Red Fourth Regiment was broken by Xiang.
After the breakthrough, the A Xiang Army unexpectedly ran to the vicinity of the headquarters of the Red Army Corps, and Lin Biao, Nie and Zuo Quan were almost captured.
The Red Second Division is deployed near the Xiangjiang River in the east, which is in danger of being cut off and retreating westward. The division leader made a decisive decision and ordered the Red Six Regiment defending Baisha to hide and resolutely resist the enemy. The other two regiments withdrew their positions and moved closer to the mountains in the west.
Near noon, under the command of the head of the Red Army Corps, the first division and the second division alternately covered, fighting and withdrawing, and advancing westward.
In the Battle of Jueshan, two divisions of the Red Army Corps fought fiercely with the Xiang Army for three days, resulting in heavy casualties. Nie, the political commissar of the Legion, was injured. Yang Chengwu, the political commissar of the Fourth Regiment, and Zhong, the head of the Fifth Regiment, were injured. Yi Dangping, the political commissar of the Fifth Regiment, was killed by more than 1,000 people. The two divisions lost nearly 4,000 people (the Red Army suffered more than 6,000 casualties, including 2,000; Speaking of casualties, more than 3,000 people).