Modern football originated in England. Legend has it that there was a war between England and Denmark in the 1 1 century. After the war, the British found the skull of a Danish aggressor while cleaning up the ruins of the war. Out of resentment, they kicked the skull, and a group of children kicked it when they saw it. However, they found that the skull hurts when they kick, so they switched to cow bladder blowing-this is the birth of modern football.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a football match in England. Competition is an entertainment activity, twice a year, usually held between two cities. The host threw the ball into the air and the game began. Both sides will squeeze, shout, kick and hug, and which side can kick the ball to the downtown area of the other side is victory. If the ball rushes into a resident's house halfway, the players will rush in and disturb the kicking method, often smashing things in the house, and the owner has to sigh for his bad luck. Pedestrians on the road will encounter unexpected trouble when they touch the ball. So, at that time, when the game came, people had to avoid disasters and close their doors until the game was over. Such a football match was strongly opposed by the public, and the British government issued a ban: it was stipulated that football matches must be played in open spaces, and those who entered downtown areas would be severely punished, so special football fields appeared. By the beginning of19th century, football was quite popular in some countries in Europe and Latin America at that time, especially in capitalist Britain.

1848, the first written rule of football, Cambridge Rules, was born. The so-called "Cambridge Rules" are some rules formulated by three universities in London, Oxford and Cambridge in the early 9th century. At that time, each team had 1 1 people. At that time, there were ten students and one teacher in each dormitory of the school, so a dormitory-to-dormitory competition was held, with each side 1 1 person. At present, the football match of 1 1 people started at that time.

1862, the world's first football club was established in Nottinghamshire, England. The first Football Association (FA) was established in Britain, which unified the rules of football. People call this day the birth day of modern football. The football rules formulated this time are *** 14, which is the basis of today's football rules. Since 1900 2nd Olympic Games, football has been listed as an official Olympic event, but professional athletes are not allowed to participate. 1904 on may 2 1 day, FIFA was established in Paris. From 65438 to 0904, the football associations of Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland established the International Football Federation in France. Since 1930, the World Football Championship (also known as the World Cup) has been held every four years, and the restrictions on professional athletes have been lifted.

From 65438 to 0989, FIFA officially brought futsal into its management scope and became its governing body.

2. Basketball

189 1 year, james naismith taught at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. Lu Se Gulick, director of the school's physical education department, commissioned naismith to design an indoor group game to implement the winter physical education class syllabus. Naismith was inspired by the game that local children like to throw the ball into the peach basket, and created a basketball game.

At first, naismith nailed two baskets to the railing of the stadium stands, with the upper edge of the basket 3.04 meters (about 10 yards) from the ground, and used football as a game tool to throw at the baskets. Throw the ball into the basket and score 1 point, and decide the outcome according to the score. Every time you throw the ball into the basket, climb the ladder, take it out and start the game again. In the future, the bamboo basket will be gradually changed into an iron basket with a movable bottom, and then a net will be hung under the iron ring. People call this game "naismith Ball" or "Basketball". After a long time, after repeated discussions between naismith and his colleagues, it was named "Basketball".

swim

From 65438 to the 1960s, swimming activities in many parts of Britain were quite active. 65438+ was introduced to France in the early 8th century, and then became a popular sport in Europe.

1828, Britain built the first indoor swimming pool at Liverpool George Pier. By the 1930s, this kind of swimming pool appeared in major cities in Britain.

1837, the first swimming organization was established in London, England, and held the earliest swimming competition in Britain.

1869 65438+ 10, the Federation of Metropolitan Swimming Clubs (now the predecessor of the British Amateur Swimming Association) was established in London, and swimming was officially fixed as a special sport. Then it was introduced to the British colonies and spread to all parts of the world. With the development of swimming, swimming can be divided into shirt swimming and competitive swimming. Practical swimming is divided into side swimming, diving, breaststroke, treading water, lifesaving and military swimming; Competitive swimming is divided into breaststroke, freestyle, backstroke and butterfly.

Since the first Olympic Games (1896), competitive swimming has been included in the official Olympic events. Today, all kinds of tournaments and international large-scale competitions constantly promote the development of competitive swimming, make its technical movements more perfect, and create outstanding achievements one after another.

4. rugby

1823 rugby originated in England, formerly known as rugby, referred to as rugby. It is called rugby in China because it is spherical like an olive. Rugby is a city in central England, where there is a rugby school, which is the birthplace of rugby.

Step 5: fence

Fencing is a traditional sport with a long history. As early as ancient times, the sword was a tool for human beings to fight and hunt wild animals in order to survive. With the development of human history, swords developed from stones and bones to bronze and iron, and finally to steel. As a weapon of war, it has gradually entered the historical stage. Fencing is very popular in ancient Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, Arabia and other countries. 1 1 century BC, fencing classes appeared in ancient Greece, and swordsmen gave lectures. As for the ancient forms of fencing, the reliefs about fencing can be seen in some historical buildings and monuments in Greece, Egypt and other countries.

In medieval Europe, fencing, riding, swimming, hunting, playing chess, reciting poems and throwing guns were listed as the seven big noble movements of knights. In order to study and promote the development of fencing technology, European countries have set up fencing guilds (associations).

enclosure

Conferences and schools). Spain is considered as the cradle of modern fencing. The first fencing book was written by two Spanish coaches. /kloc-in the 0/4th century, dazzling chivalry appeared in Spain, France and Italy. They won a wide reputation for their superb fencing. Since then, nobles from all over the world have followed suit and become fashionable in the upper class for a time, so that they have developed to solve disputes among nobles, and often draw swords against each other and decide life and death with one sword.

It was during the period of Henry III and Henry IV that fencing really developed in an all-round way. 1776, the famous French fencing master Laboissiere invented the mask, which further pushed fencing to an elegant road. People can safely carry out a series of offensive and defensive confrontations by wearing masks, gloves and fencing clothes. The appearance of masks is a milestone in the development of fencing. France became the development center of fencing in Europe at that time.

Dueling prevailed in Europe at the end of 16 and the beginning of 17. In this situation, in order to meet people's hobbies and needs for fencing without hurting their lives, a new sword with a short body, a quadrilateral shape and a tip wrapped in a thong was designed, which was widely welcomed by people and developed widely. This is the embryonic form of foil. Since then, in European martial arts schools, fencing halls and professional schools, foil fencing methods have gradually formed and improved.

Gentlemen and nobles who are keen on dueling started from 1885. When practicing in the martial arts school, they used triangular swords to fight against unlimited positions. This is the epee that continues to this day.

/kloc-At the end of 0/8, the Hungarians reformed the arc-shaped short knives used by the early cavalry of the Persians, Arabs and Turks in the East, and installed crescent-shaped hand guards on the handle to protect fingers during fencing. Later, Italian fencing master Giuseppe? Rada Yeli further improved it, so that it can be used for fencing and dueling, and according to the characteristics of cavalry combat, it was stipulated that the effective part was above the belt, which became the predecessor of modern sabre. At this point, people can freely choose foil, epee and sabre when they are engaged in fencing.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, under the initiative of French fencing authority Lafarge, the weights of three different styles of swords, Hua, Chong and Pei, were further reduced, and some technical principles and tactical significance were deeply studied, and competitions were often held in some European countries. Fencing has gradually become an international sports competition and the first member of the Olympic family.