2 Definition and understanding of health
2. 1 What is health?
It is generally believed that people's health is mainly physical health, good physique, and no illness is health, but it is not. The modern World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as: "Health refers not only to the absence of diseases in the body, but also to physical and mental health and a good state of social adaptation". This authoritative definition gives us a new concept of health, that is, the understanding of health should be comprehensive, including physical, mental and social aspects.
2.2 What is the meaning of health first?
Health first is about the relationship between health and education and learning. Many thinkers, philosophers and educators at home and abroad have discussed their relationship. Although the specific language is different, they all share the same view, that is, healthy or strong body is the foundation of all education, physical education should take precedence over intellectual education, and "learn morality after being strong, and go forward bravely", which shows that the relationship between health and education and learning is the first and second relationship. This relationship does not mean that education and learning are less important than health, but that education and learning should be carried out on the basis of health. What is the significance and value of losing health education and learning? Because the ultimate goal of education is happiness, and the factor that constitutes happiness is health.
2.3 What does the guiding ideology of health first mean?
Guidance means pointing and guiding, and the guiding ideology of health first is to take health first as the guiding ideology of education. One of its specific meanings means that the idea of health first should radiate and guide all kinds of education and teaching work in schools; The second specific meaning means that all kinds of education and teaching work in schools should be responsible for students' health. Of course, school physical education and physical education teaching have the obligation to bear their own responsibility for health.
3 methods to implement the guiding ideology of "health first"
Physical education teachers' implementation of the guiding ideology of health first refers to how to guide the idea of health first into school physical education, so that physical education will no longer become a "pure land" isolated from the outside world, so that every physical education teacher can break through the shackles of traditional physical education ideas with new educational ideas, cultivate a generation of comprehensive, coordinated and perfect personalities for China in the 2 1 century, and cultivate a group of talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique for lifelong physical education.
3. 1 Guided by changing ideas, vigorously advocate the guiding ideology of health first.
People's behavior is dominated by thoughts, and a good thought will inevitably bring a vibrant future. As the main body of implementing education, teachers must change their ideas, improve their own quality and adapt to the requirements of the new era; As the object of education, students should also change their concepts, understand sports culture and develop lifelong exercise habits.
3. 1. 1 fully implement the education policy and implement quality education.
In the teaching process, it is emphasized that health is the premise of everyone's survival, civilized life, efficient study and work. Every link in the process of physical education should be thought, designed and operated according to the requirements of the idea of health first, so that the idea of health first can be embodied and implemented in the whole process of physical education teaching. When students' studies, social work and physical health conflict, they should obey physical health; When there are contradictions in various relationships within school physical education, we should also take health first as the starting point.
3. 1.2 Student-oriented, facing all students.
In the past, teachers thought more about how to teach textbooks. In extracurricular activities, physical education class, where a few people participate in sports competitions instead of the school for all students, fails to embody the student-centered physical education thought, resulting in 68% of high school students not liking physical education class. The guiding ideology of health first requires us to always take improving students' physical quality, cultivating students' good quality and healthy psychology as the starting point and the end result of our work, teaching them fish, not teaching them to fish, and cultivating students' innovation and practical ability.
3. 1.3 sports culture, develop exercise habits.
As the main channel of sports culture communication, school physical education will undertake the task of cultivating students' correct sports values according to the trend of social development. Physical education teachers should impart health theory knowledge to students through theoretical classes, posters, lectures and talks. Make students understand the relationship between sports and people's lives, the scientific methods of physical exercise, and the standards of physical and mental health, so as to "understand sports, love sports, learn sports, learn sports, and develop lifelong sports habits."
3.2 Improve physical fitness in an all-round way and promote physical health.
Good health means that the main organs of the body function normally and there is no disease. The body is the material pillar of human beings. Whether you can survive strongly and healthily and exercise vigorously largely determines people's happiness and achievements. For young students in the critical period of growth and development, it is the primary task of school physical education at this stage to guide them to develop in a healthy direction inside and outside their bodies. Mao Zedong also said, "Virtue, wisdom and morality are all in the same place, and those who are embodied in the body and those who are embodied in wisdom are also virtuous." Therefore, physical education teaching content and classroom design should consider allowing students to enjoy activities, have a certain psychological load and enhance their physiological functions.
3.2. 1 Optimize teaching contents and means
In physical education teaching, optimizing teaching content, process and means can improve students' enthusiasm for exercise. The teaching content should be changed from "paying attention to sports techniques and skills" to "paying attention to sports methods, sports motives, sports activities and sports experiences", emphasizing fitness, entertainment, lifelong and practicality, and developing games, aerobics, martial arts, ball games and traditional fitness programs. The teaching method has changed from a single technical teaching to a skill development and application teaching process, which realizes the transfer of various sports skills, such as experiencing the running process in multiple events, thus attracting students to actively participate and participate in it, and achieving the purpose of improving their quality.
3.2.2 Differentiate and teach at different levels.
A class allows all students to enjoy the fun of activities, so it is necessary to carry out hierarchical teaching, otherwise some students will not have enough to eat, and some students will not be able to eat. Differentiating is to let some people get rich first. For example, top athletes can be more intense, generous and demanding, and provide them with more opportunities for free expression. Poor students in sports, as a special group, have low physical and psychological qualities and low cooperation with their peers, so the requirements for them should be lower. Teachers should guide them more, create opportunities for them to win by chance, evaluate and praise their progress in time, and let students play their strengths and enjoy their activities.
3.3 Promote mental health for all students.
Mental health means that individuals can give full play to their potential and properly handle and adapt to the relationships between people and between people and society. A person's long-term mental health will lead to physical diseases. Physical health is the material basis of mental health, and mental health makes physical health produce greater value. A mentally healthy person will always face everything with a positive attitude and make his physiology healthier.
3.3. 1 Strengthen mental health maintenance.
Mental health education for students in physical education teaching is called "physical education". We have planned and consciously designed sports activity scenes, and integrated the knowledge content with mental health value into basic theory and teaching harmoniously, organically and skillfully. Through various stimuli contained in sports teaching activities, such as overcoming difficulties, competition, taking risks, grasping opportunities, pursuing uncertain goals, achieving goals, controlling, success and frustration, etc. Get multiple experiences of success and frustration, success and failure, joy and pain, expectation and disappointment, envy and jealousy, advantages and disadvantages, individuals and groups, equality and difference, justice and partiality, rationality and irrationality, guide and educate students to treat personal needs correctly, and consciously use cognitive adjustment, incentive adjustment, self-venting, psychological attribution and other methods to make students practice and learn in music, so as to increase pleasant experiences and cultivate them.
3.3.2 Treat students with psychological barriers with a tolerant attitude.
In recent years, psychological imbalance and psychological barriers pose the greatest threat to people's health. According to the survey data, the burden of depression in China has ranked first in all kinds of diseases, and the psychological disorders of modern teenagers account for 20%. Negative factors such as anxiety, depression, doubt and depression directly affect students' mental health, learning attitude and academic performance. In the classroom, these students with psychological barriers often show themselves as: verbal collision, narcissism, irrationality, depression, willfulness and uncooperative, and poor ability to bear setbacks. For these students, PE teachers are generally bored or helpless, and students classify them as heterogeneous and don't want to get close to them. In fact, these students with psychological barriers are very lonely and helpless. If students and teachers are unfriendly, their mood will get worse, even a vicious circle, and the consequences will be unimaginable. Physical exercise scene has a unique artistic conception for the prevention and treatment of psychological obstacles. Coubertin, the founder of the Olympic Games, said, "Ah! You are happy in sports. " In physical education class's psychological obstacles, we should avoid excessive criticism and stimulation, and focus on love and tolerance. Loving a student is equal to cultivating a student, and hating a student may destroy a student. Under the teacher's correct view of loving life, students with psychological barriers can experience sincerity in true love and cultivate an optimistic and positive attitude towards life in happy communication, thus alleviating psychological barriers. For example, when designing free class grouping, teachers should first arrange students with psychological problems, and if possible, let them try various game roles, so that they can learn to cooperate with others, communicate with teachers and students, broaden their horizons and be happy.
3.4 Use physical education class's small social effects to cultivate students' social adaptability.
Social adaptability refers to the social significance of human behavior and the good adaptability of individuals as the starting point, and to examine health from the attitude and habit behavior patterns of individuals towards social collectives, interpersonal relationships, others and self. Physical and mental health is important, but the social attributes of health, that is, social adaptability, such as helping others, sense of competition, collective concept, sense of self-responsibility and social responsibility, caring for others, positive attitude towards life and so on, are equally important. A mentally healthy person is bound to have strong social adaptability. On the contrary, a person with strong social adaptability is always mentally healthy. Good social adaptation education aims to help students establish rational social consciousness and concepts, establish mutual assistance, friendship, cooperation and harmonious interpersonal relationships, reduce interpersonal conflicts, improve the psychological quality of socialization and promote the healthy development of students' socialization.
3.4. 1 Use the "small society" effect in physical education to adapt to the big society.
Physical education classroom is actually a small society, and the process of students' development is their socialization. In a small society, teachers should educate students on cooperation awareness, participation awareness, fair competition, group awareness, law and morality through teaching infiltration, creating situations, inspiring and guiding, exercising limbs and summarizing attribution, so as to cultivate students' sense of discipline, responsibility, collective awareness, honor, belonging and identity. For example, give full play to students' main role in group cooperation, pair learning and game activities, so that they have more practical opportunities to show their knowledge and ability in front of their peers; Advocate mutual observation and correction, and encourage students to cooperate in competition; Set an example for learning, change the fixed sports team leader that was widely used to be non-fixed, and change the "outstanding student award" that stood at the end in the past to the "best progress award", "best effort award" and "best help award" of each class. Let students calmly step into the big society under the influence of the small society.
3.4.2 Improve students' viability in future social competition.
2 1 century is a century of fierce competition, and the future competition depends on the level of viability. To cultivate a group of high-quality talents, "survival education" will become the theme of school physical education. In physical education teaching, teachers should properly advocate frustration education, strictly require students to constantly overcome their own and external difficulties, cowardice and inertia, and cultivate their will quality of being brave and tenacious, not afraid of difficulties and being brave in fighting. By creating fierce confrontation and competition in sports activities, students can experience the hardships of struggle, the pain of failure, the rising value and the joy of victory. These rare psychological experiences will make young people mature faster and enable them to calmly face the future competition for survival.
4. Problems that should be paid attention to in implementing the guiding ideology of health first
4. 1 Health education and the whole school
Health first means that the whole school education should take health first as the guiding ideology, and physical education is only one of the disciplines that can best embody and implement this guiding ideology. Health education is not limited to physical education teachers who work alone in physical education class. Instead, physical education teachers should get the support of school leaders, cooperate with school departments to do all aspects of health work, vigorously create an atmosphere of health education, change the current situation of relatively weak health education in China, and put health first into practice.
4.2 Health education does not give up the "three basics" teaching.
The guiding ideology of health first advocates happy teaching. Many physical education teachers want to downplay or abandon physical education class's "three basics" teaching in order to implement health first and understand achievements unilaterally, and turn physical education teaching with strict theoretical and methodological requirements into a game activity with pleasure as the main purpose, which is extremely wrong. "Three Basics" teaching is the subject task of physical education class in middle school, and it is the content, means and method to realize the teaching goal and complete the subject task. Physical education class without "three basics" teaching is not physical education class in the educational sense. "Three basics" teaching is the method, measure and implementation process of implementing health first and improving students' health level in school physical education. Happiness is only one of the ways and means to improve students' interest in completing sports tasks.
4.3 All aspects and individuals of health education
It is unscientific to maintain a person's health only through exercise. Health requires an optimistic attitude, adequate sleep, proper exercise and balanced nutrition. Among them, exercise and nutrition are two important factors to keep healthy. Nowadays, serious environmental pollution, fertilizer abuse, excessive intake of refined food and junk food, and incorrect eating habits have led to unbalanced nutrition of many teenagers. For example, insufficient intake of a certain nutrient for a long time will not only lead to physical diseases, but also lead to psychological diseases. Judging from the lack of long-term intake of vitamin B, it will not only produce water species, weaken the absorption rate of protein, weaken human immunity, but also make people suffer from insomnia, irritability and memory loss; For another example, many students do not eat breakfast, which is very bad for their health. Breakfast is the most important meal in a day and should account for 40% of the total nutrition in a day. In the long run, it will make their intelligence decline. Food is the most important thing for people. Correct eating habits and nutrition knowledge will help more teenagers move towards physical and mental health.
4.4 Strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of students' physique.
The traditional sports evaluation in physical education class is limited to the understanding and mastery of sports techniques, and students' physique is not included in the evaluation. Physical health and physical quality are two different concepts. Just because some students have good physical fitness and good physical performance doesn't mean they are not sick. Some bad qualities don't mean unhealthy. Integrating the guiding ideology of health first into students' physical fitness monitoring, this paper tries to make a comprehensive evaluation of sports health education theory, sports project technology, participation in sports activities and physical fitness standards. Guide sports to develop in a more comprehensive direction.
Paying attention to human health is the same theme of the international community in 2 1 century. It can be seen from the trend of offering physical education and health courses in developed countries and regions that people in today's society have taken cultivating a healthy person as an important goal of education. In order to make the trained people work and live healthily in a highly competitive society, physical education teachers must pay more attention to the knowledge, skills, entertainment and competitiveness of physical education teaching, so as to create a brand-new situation of physical education teaching reform and make the teenagers grow sturdily in 2 1 century.