Sanda is a modern competitive sport in which two people use the techniques of kicking, hitting, wrestling and defense in Wushu to fight unarmed according to certain rules. It is an important part of China Wushu.
Sanda is the traditional unarmed combat of China Wushu, which is further developed and improved on this basis. Among them, the most outstanding thing is to develop the concept of focusing solely on "Zhao" in traditional fighting techniques into a combination of body, intelligence and technology, highlighting its comprehensive application ability. In the competition, there is no fixed action sequence, but the offensive and defensive actions of each other are randomly changed to seize each other's weaknesses and compete for wisdom and skills. It not only requires athletes to master Sanda skills skillfully, but also has agile adaptability, which is obviously different from Wushu routines. Due to the characteristics of Sanda itself and some social needs, Sanda is a sport that highlights the special essence of Wushu-attack and defense. In order to make the martial arts of Sanda obviously different from the martial arts that cause injuries and disabilities, that is, the so-called stunts that cause people to die, the rules of Sanda competition strictly stipulate that the back of the head, neck, gears and so on are prohibited parts; In addition, technically, no matter what kind of hitting method is used, it is not allowed to use the anti-joint grasping action and attack the opponent with elbow, knee and other techniques. Therefore, the practicality of Sanda only works in a certain range. Standardizing Sanda according to the requirements of competitive sports has become the mainstream of Sanda technology development and has been accepted by the public.
The development of modern Sanda technology is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:
First, sort out and summarize, abandon the forms of traditional Wushu and find out the rules, that is, by standardizing the boxing and leg methods of various kinds of boxing in China, sum up their basic action forms. Among them, there are two forms of attack technology: one is linear and the other is arc. Then, according to the principle of "pursuing effect", these two techniques are given new forms of expression, and after repeated practice and demonstration, the basic techniques of Sanda are determined, namely boxing, piercing, copying, whipping, kicking, kicking and sweeping. According to the requirements of "quick fall" and the characteristics of "no handle", the wrestling rules mainly grasp the key points of "destroying the center of gravity" and "swinging the circle", create the method of "catching the fall", and form the technical characteristics of Sanda "kicking far and hitting close and falling close". At the same time, defensive techniques are also classified according to the principle of "actual effect", which can be divided into two basic forms: "evasive defense" and "contact defense"
Secondly, we should boldly learn from the fighting techniques of all countries in the world and absorb the beneficial elements, even the specific practical techniques, so that Sanda technology can form a popular model today.
First, Sanda offensive techniques
Offensive technique is the main part of Sanda technique, and the quality of technique is directly related to the outcome of the competition. Therefore, it is an important task for teaching and training to master the norms and essentials of offensive techniques. Offensive techniques include various techniques, legs and wrestling. According to the structure of the action, it can be divided into:
Linetype, including punching, kicking, kicking, etc.
Horizontal line type, including fist, whip, horizontal kick, hook kick, etc.
Up-down style, including copying fist, splitting fist, etc.
Any attack method has its own norms, which are manifested in three aspects: starting point and ending point, stress point and running route. Changing any aspect will lead to changes in methods or wrong actions. Therefore, every learning method must be done in strict accordance with the requirements of technical specifications in order to master it accurately. The requirements of offensive techniques are as follows:
1. Fast Sanda attack and defense technology, if it can reflect the characteristics of "fast", will receive the effect that opponents can't be prevented. In order to quickly complete the offensive and defensive techniques of Sanda, muscle strength is the foundation, correctly mastering the launching technique is the key, and avoiding the "forward swing" of the action is the fundamental.
First of all, the offensive action is accomplished by the strength generated by muscle contraction. Without strength as a guarantee, it is impossible to attack quickly.
Secondly, any martial arts school needs both rigidity and softness. The combination of rigidity and flexibility are two complementary and interdependent aspects in the force technology. Combining rigidity with softness, periodic relaxation-contraction-relaxation, that is, first softness before rigidity, then softness before rigidity, is the essence of martial arts strength technology;
Finally, the running route and starting and ending points of each attack mode are strictly required. In order to increase strength, some athletes make great strides in their movements, or have "early warning", such as collecting before releasing or pulling before playing, which inadvertently increases the running time of their movements and fails to achieve the effect of fast break.
2. Strength is greater than strength is a strong requirement for the application of kicking, hitting and throwing methods. In Sanda competition, athletes are in a fierce struggle to chase each other or attack our defense, and the methods used must be strong enough to pose a threat to each other. How to increase attack power? Athletes should not only have strong strength quality, but also improve the coordination of the whole body. At the moment of exertion, as you exhale, hold your breath and use qi to urge your strength, so as to achieve the unity of heart, qi and strength and make your strength more complete.
3. The launching point of quasi-attack technology is an important feature of technical methods and must be accurate. Improper use of force is not only wrong, but also easy to cause injury. For example, the technical requirement of the cross kick is to stretch the foot surface, and the force point is at the arch of the instep or the lower end of the calf femur. If the force point is placed at the toe end of the instep, the strength of the action will be greatly reduced, and sometimes the toe will be kicked.
One of the reasons why the power point is not accurate is the error of the action shape, for example, the tightening foot is relaxed, but the hook foot is straight; Secondly, joints such as wrists and ankles are not tense enough at the moment of exertion; The third is the mistake of action route, such as making the horizontal kick into an oblique kick, and the force point is biased towards the inside of the arch; Fourth, the distance judgment is wrong. For example, when kicking, the opponent is far away and the center of gravity falls on the thumb. Therefore, in the usual training, we must meticulously grasp the action norms, hit more moving targets and fixed targets, realize the accuracy of the action, and improve the judgment ability and technical level in actual combat.
4. The so-called omen is to expose the offensive intention in advance before doing the action. There are omens in the action, which is a common problem of Sanda athletes. In the game, because the action has omen, once the opponent grasps the law, the attack will not only fail to achieve the expected effect, but will give the opponent a chance to fight back, leading to the failure of the game.
5. The skillful method breaks with the flow, and the clumsy one breaks against its strength, which is what the boxing proverb says. Sanda is important to win by strength, but it is better to win by technology. Clever methods must be organically combined with the opportunity to attack the opponent, grasp the center of gravity of the opponent, and control the strength of the action in order to obtain the best effect.
Second, Sanda defense technology
Accurate and ingenious defense, one can protect oneself; Second, it can create conditions for a better attack. Defense is active, the purpose is to attack better.
The general requirement of defense technology is to respond quickly to the opponent's attack time, running route, attack method and position, judge accurately and realize automation. Dodge defense and contact defense are two different defense methods with different technical requirements.
1. Dodge defense requires proper timing, accurate displacement and overall coordination: proper timing means that the defense time and attack time should be just right, neither too early nor too late. If you dodge too early, your opponent will divert the target. If you dodge too late, you may be hit. Therefore, practitioners are required to have good reaction ability.
Accurate displacement means that the change of body posture or the movement of distance should be highly accurate when dodging the opponent's attack. Novices often delay fighters because they dodge too much or move too long.
Overall coordination is the requirement of physical coordination. Whether it's to dodge forward or backward or dodge left and right, we should pay attention to integrity and consistency. For example, when flashing backwards, some practitioners just raise their heads and keep their trunks and legs still, making the mistake of hiding their heads and legs.
2. Contact defense requires a large defense area, small movement range and fast conversion: a large defense area requires you to defend one piece in actual combat, not a little bit, and try to improve the defense success rate.
Small action range means that the defensive action range should be small, and the defensive effect and whether it is conducive to counterattack should be taken as the standard. However, due to the influence of tension and fear, it is not easy to do it in defense.
Fast switching means a shorter time interval between defense and attack. The conversion speed between actions is related to the amplitude and structure of actions. The conversion speed is also affected by large amplitude and unreasonable structure. The reasonable structure of offensive and defensive actions should be: laying down defense, playing defense, playing left to protect right, playing right to protect left. It not only facilitates the conversion between attack and defense, but also gives opponents a sense of fear of legal attack and strict defense.
Third, Sanda defensive counterattack technology
Defensive counterattack is a compound technology, which consists of defensive technology and offensive technology. There are three forms:
First, defend first and then fight back;
Second, fight back while defending;
The third is to attack instead of defend.
Whether counterattack techniques are used successfully or not depends on mastering defensive and offensive techniques correctly and skillfully to make them automatic, and grasping the opportunity of defensive counterattack to cultivate the awareness of defensive counterattack.
The main techniques in Sanda defensive counterattack also include various boxing techniques and quick throw techniques used after catching the opponent's attack. There are mainly the following technical requirements:
1. Taking advantage of the situation means that when using various wrestling methods in Sanda, when the opponent's center of gravity is unstable and his body is about to lose balance, he will fall with a little force. The key to following the trend is to seize the opportunity. Generally speaking, once an opponent fails at the moment of action, his body will be in an unbalanced state. If he can exert a little external force on the unbalanced ipsilateral position at this time, the effect will be excellent; Or a little external force in the direction of the opponent's force will get twice the result with half the effort.
2. The bottom support refers to the method of lifting, pulling, shaking and helping the other party fall in order to destroy the support point of the other party when the leg connection method is adopted. If the opponent's lower limb flexibility is poor, we use the bottom lifting action, and the effect is better.
3. Don't root. Don't root means to wrap a limb of one's own body around the root of the limb that supports the center of gravity in order to achieve the purpose of falling. For example, throwing methods such as holding legs, hooking legs and kicking legs are more labor-saving and ingenious because other root techniques are used.
4. Relying on the body refers to throwing the other person down through the forward movement of the body. For example, when using leg hugging, leg hugging and other techniques, it is necessary to cooperate with the forward movement of the body to squeeze each other, and the effect will be better.
Although there are many wrestling methods in Sanda, different methods have different technical essentials, but in actual combat, if we can combine the movements such as taking advantage of the situation, supporting the bottom, parting the roots and leaning against the body, we can highlight the rapid and ingenious technical characteristics of Sanda wrestling.