The above statement is groundless.

Special physical qualities that a pilot should possess.

In flight activities, pilots are affected by high altitude hypoxia, low pressure, cold, noise, vibration and acceleration, and have high requirements for physiological functions.

First, good health.

Constitution includes innate quality, body shape, general functional state and potential reaction ability. Being a pilot needs to be well-developed, well-proportioned and of moderate height. Too high, the canopy above the head and the upper body can't sit straight, which not only affects the control, but also easily causes fatigue; Being too short has an impact on observing external targets and manipulating aircraft. Being too fat or too thin will reduce flight endurance. In addition, the requirements for the pilot's spine are higher, because not only does the spine bear great pressure under the influence of acceleration during the flight (for example, aerobatics often reach 4-5 g), but the plane sometimes has to stay in a state for a long time in the air, and the sick or deformed spine often cannot support for too long, which is prone to low back pain and injury. When parachuting, the spine bears great impact acceleration, which is more likely to cause injuries.

Good physical fitness and strong flight endurance. No matter training flight or combat flight, the energy consumption and physical strength consumption of pilots are very large. Acceleration will not only affect the physiological function of human body, but also increase the load of running aircraft. For example, when a fighter plane dives near the speed of sound, the strength of the pull rod can reach more than 30 kilograms; In order to change the direction of 1 degree in high-speed flight, the rudder pedal force is also above 30-40 kg. The bomber has a long battery life, sometimes reaching more than 4-5 hours, and the pilot consumes a lot of physical strength and energy. Therefore, pilots must have a good physique to be competent for flying.

Second, stabilize the nervous system function.

Flying in the air is a complex activity, so it puts forward much higher requirements for the nervous system than ordinary ground work, and the response is also very fast. Flying is an active activity, which is realized through human perception, thinking and will, and finally through human activities. Everyone's activities need time. When they feel a signal passing through the brain and then respond accordingly, the shortest reaction time is different for everyone, so the speed of reaction time is particularly important in flight. The flight process is calculated in minutes and seconds. In a short time, the pilot must perceive many external things and react quickly. For example, the course is only 5 minutes, but they have to do more than 200 actions, which requires the pilots to respond quickly, coordinate their actions and operate accurately. This is more important when dealing with special situations or combat flights. But it should be pointed out that this ability can be improved by participating in practical activities.

If the nervous system functions stably, it can resist fatigue. Most fighters have only one pilot, and the tasks of driving, piloting, communication and shooting are all undertaken by one person. Due to the complex operation of the aircraft, the ever-changing environment and short maneuvering time, pilots are often in a state of high mental tension, which will lead to fatigue after a long time. Due to the influence of some abnormal factors in flight, the nervous system should play a regulatory role, mobilize the reserve power of various organs and systems, and carry out various physiological compensation functions to maintain the unity between the body and the external environment. This regulation itself accelerates the occurrence of nervous system fatigue. Fatigue will reduce work efficiency and even lead to manipulation errors. According to statistics, half of flight mistakes are caused by fatigue. This requires the pilot's brain cells to have the ability to work for a long time without fatigue.

Any diseases and defects of nervous system are difficult to adapt to the influence of flight tension and abnormal factors. Special attention should be paid to preventing bribery, brain injury and neurosis in order to maintain a healthy nervous system.

Third, good eyesight.

Vision is the most important visual function, mainly because it can help us perceive external things. Good eyesight is needed during the whole flight. Despite the continuous improvement of aircraft equipment, it can not completely replace the eyes, and vision is still the most important function to ensure accurate observation of various objects. Poor eyesight, close observation distance. For example, hyperopia 1.0 can find a plane with a distance of 3000 meters, and when it is reduced to 0.8, only a plane with a distance of 2500 meters can be found; If the vision is 0.7, the plane can only be found within 2000 meters. In addition, various instrument instructions and data information displayed on the video screen need to be accurately read by the pilot. Therefore, pilots with poor eyesight cannot find the target early and receive the information accurately, which will affect the control and safety of the aircraft.

Fourth, good ear pressure function.

In flight, pilots are often in a violent change of atmospheric pressure. For example, in the J -5 plane, it will drop about 3000 meters in just over 20 seconds, which has a great impact on the middle ear. The middle ear cavity communicates with the nasopharyngeal cavity through the eustachian tube. At ordinary times, the eustachian tube mouth is closed. Only when swallowing, yawning, shouting or pinching the nose can the eustachian tube mouth be temporarily opened. Normal people bloom once a minute on average and once every 4-5 minutes when they sleep. Only by opening it frequently can the air pressure in the middle ear cavity be balanced with the external atmospheric pressure, and the normal position and movement of the eardrum can be maintained, thus transmitting sound waves and maintaining normal hearing. Because the eustachian tube mouth has the function of one-way valve, the gas in the middle ear cavity is easy to go out and difficult to enter. When the plane ascends, the external atmospheric pressure decreases, and the air pressure in the middle ear cavity increases relatively, and some air will spread out through the eustachian tube, thus achieving the air pressure balance inside and outside the middle ear cavity, and the tympanic membrane position is in a normal state, which generally has no effect on hearing. When the plane descends, the external atmospheric pressure gradually increases, and the air pressure in the middle ear cavity relatively decreases. At this time, the eustachian tube can't open itself, and the outside air can't enter the middle ear cavity, which will inevitably cause negative pressure in the middle ear cavity. With the decrease of altitude, the pressure difference inside and outside the middle ear cavity is getting bigger and bigger. Appropriate actions at this time (such as swallowing, pinching nose, inflating, etc.). ) to open the opening of the eustachian tube. External air can enter the middle ear cavity to achieve internal and external air pressure balance. If the eustachian tube mouth is blocked due to acute or chronic inflammation or tumor in the nasopharyngeal cavity, or the eustachian tube mouth is blocked due to stenosis or inflammation, so that the eustachian tube mouth cannot be opened normally, a great negative pressure will be formed in the middle ear cavity, causing aviation otitis media. So people with bad ear pressure are not qualified to fly.

Five, good balance function

Some people get carsick, seasick or feel confused when riding the revolving ladder or swivel chair. This is called balance dysfunction, also called vestibular dysfunction. Such a person is not fit to be a pilot. Vestibular organs are located in the inner ear and play an extremely important role in maintaining body balance and posture coordination. All kinds of acceleration and bumps in flight are a suitable stimulus to vestibular organs, which normal people can generally tolerate without any feeling. However, people who are sensitive to vestibular function can form too strong stimulation, which exceeds their tolerance threshold, causing excessive excitement of vestibular nerves, dizziness, nausea, cold sweat, pale face, changes in blood pressure and pulse, and even adverse reactions such as vomiting and collapse. It will also cause difficulties in orientation and flight illusion, which will seriously affect flight safety. However, the balance function can be improved by special exercise.

Six, a sound cardiovascular function

When the human body is affected by abnormal factors such as hypoxia or acceleration, the body can improve the physiological activities of each system, play a compensatory role and resist its adverse effects. Everyone's tolerance for the influence of abnormal factors varies greatly, which largely depends on the function of cardiovascular system. During hypoxia, the acceleration of heart rate is the earliest reaction. Healthy people generally begin to experience an increase in heart rate at a height of 150o-4000m. People with fast heart rate increase the number of times more obviously. During hypoxia, the heart also increases its contractility to increase the stroke output. Due to the increase of heart rate and stroke output, the blood flowing through the tissue increases, which can make the tissue get more oxygen. It is measured that the output of the heart per minute increases by 50% when flying at an altitude of 4000 meters without oxygen. Under the action of acceleration, the heart moves down, blood flows to the lower limbs, and the blood pressure in the head drops, which reflexively causes the heart rate to increase. The greater the acceleration value, the more the heart rate increases. Experiments on a centrifuge show that the heart rate can be increased to 120- 130 beats/min at +3g, 130- 140 beats/min at +4g and 150 beats/min at +5g. However, there are limits to this compensatory activity. If the heart rate increases to a certain extent, it will reduce the output per minute. This is because when the heart rate increases, the heart does not fully expand, the blood volume contained in the heart decreases, and the stroke output decreases. Excessive heart rate also increases the burden on the heart, and the myocardium often does not get enough nutrition. Well-trained people have a large reserve of cardiac function, and the output per minute can be increased from the usual 4.8 liters to 40 liters, which can tolerate a large load.

Seven, good digestive function

Gastrointestinal tract is the main part of human digestive system, and it is an important organ for digesting and absorbing nutrients to maintain life and improve health. Gastrointestinal function is closely related to flight, because: ① pilots have high dietary calories and rich nutrition, which will inevitably increase the burden of gastrointestinal digestion and absorption; ② High mental stress during flight can change gastrointestinal movement and digestive gland secretion; Abnormal factors such as low air pressure, acceleration and vibration can slow down the movement of digestive tract and reduce the secretion of digestive glands, thus causing symptoms such as loss of appetite, indigestion, abdominal pain and abdominal distension. People with good gastrointestinal function can recover quickly after a short rest after a tense flight. People with gastrointestinal dysfunction are not easy to recover, and often have some symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction, and even organic diseases such as chronic gastroenteritis and ulcers. Gastrointestinal dysfunction or diseases will significantly reduce flight endurance and directly affect flight. According to measurement, the number of pilots suffering from ulcers is twice that of healthy people. It is also observed that there is a close relationship between the stability of vestibular function and the state of gastrointestinal tract. On average, 60% patients with gastrointestinal diseases have high vestibular sensitivity, of which 30% are latent. So we must have a good digestive system function.

Physical examination of pilots

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