The evolutionary history of football (there are pictures, but there are too many pictures to upload, so there are only text descriptions:)

Talk about the evolution of football itself ~

The earliest football was pieced together like volleyball.

Then, a football consisting of 12 black regular pentagons and 20 white regular hexagons appeared, which almost became the symbol of football.

Then, the appearance of football has also become diversified. The earlier one should be the official ball used in the World Cup in France-the Chinese name is tricolor ball (I suddenly remembered the winning number of red ball on TV: 0 1 02, and the winning number of basketball: 23 14 ...);

It seems that this football is the symbol of 2.0.

Later, there appeared "Flying to Fireball", "Flying Meteor", "Nike 90" and "Log Book". In addition to the rich appearance, they also added more scientific and technological content to it, making the standard of football not only stay in shape, size and weight. The football mentioned above will be mentioned one by one later.

I have to admit that the motive force of scientific and technological progress is that the audience wants to see more goals and more passionate live games. So every new football comes out, which is another kind of torture for goalkeepers and defenders. For the study of football, most of them have made great efforts to increase the threat of the ball, first of all, to make the ball fly faster, and secondly, to have erratic arcs in the flight process to increase accuracy and enhance the quality and stability of the ball.

-Used to introduce the dividing line of football in the 2.0 era.

Fly to the fireball in 2002.

Since the introduction of competition balls in 70' s, Adidas adopted the harmonious design of black pentagon and white hexagon in 74' s, and then until 1998, the combination of white pentagon and hexagon engraved with black triangle pattern did not exceed the black-and-white coordination mode of honeycomb as a whole.

However, Flying to the Fireball depicts the four golden triangles of the windmill turbine engine on a white background, which is completely different from the previous honeycomb model. The Golden Triangle depicts a dark green triangle and a red flame, and * * * consists of four colors: white, gold, green and red.

Of course, the most revolutionary thing about flying to a fireball lies in its technology. The high-tech synthetic foam layer structure used in Fly to the Fireball is based on the improvement of the tricolor ball in the 98 World Cup in France. The improved foam layer is composed of many micro-balloons with super compression resistance and equal size, which endows the ball with outstanding energy recovery performance and extra stress buffering performance, and effectively improves the controllability and running accuracy of football.

2004 log book

For the first time in science and technology, two technologies, hot bonding and dynamic balance, have been used after more than four years of research and development. This process is divided into 40 steps:

1 is the standard for cutting cotton cloth into 1.4m square;

2-7 is the steps of bonding, drying, cutting, sewing, folding and weighing the cloth to make the liner;

8 to 14, the gas nozzle is placed on the liner, inflated, weighed and checked for metal or foreign matter;

15 to 26 is to make a shell and implant it into the inner container;

27 to 33 are heating, air pressure adjustment, setting and cleaning;

34 to 38 review the air pressure, appearance and weight in turn;

39 packed in plastic bags;

It's done in 40, packed and delivered.

The specific production process can be seen here, and if there are not many pictures here, you can also see here.

(Legend has it that a domestic suit brand has more than 100 processes, right? That's awesome ~ Is it time for Adi to rush out of Europe and go to the world? Come and learn from us and let him participate in hundreds of processes ...)

The journal is mainly to enhance the quality and stability of the ball through advanced technology, and more is to improve on the basis of flying to the fireball.

Team star in 2006!

Have you ever imagined that football is made up of 14 pieces of leather? ! When the World Cup came to the base camp of Adidas, a revolutionary new football was born!

The roundness and surface smoothness of football directly determine its stability and accuracy. The outstanding feature of "+Team Star" is that it revolutionizes the reduction of spherical tiles to 14! This innovation changed the number of suture points on the outer surface of the ball from 60 to 24, and the total length of suture lines was reduced from 40.05 cm to 33.93 cm. This splicing design, combined with Adidas' unique seamless splicing technology, makes "+Team Star" show unprecedented outstanding performance.

The accuracy of team star in mechanical leg test has improved by nearly 30%! At the same time, all performance indicators have been improved. It is also the best-selling game ball so far, nearly twice the sales of Fly to the Fireball that year, and the number is still increasing!

Europe Pass 2008

It seems that the ball used in every European Championship is an upgraded version of the ball used in the World Cup two years ago, and this European pass is no exception. The new game ball mainly introduces a new concept and index, that is, the friction when the player touches the ball with his foot. The increase of this coefficient means that athletes can kick more exaggerated curveballs and lobs, and perhaps the free kick crossing the corner flag will no longer be Carlos' patent.

This Eurobiography adopts a brand-new PSC-Texture technology, and the surface cortex adopts a unique texture design, which greatly improves the transmission, rotation and accuracy of football in different weather conditions. For the goalkeeper, the non-smooth skin also increases the grip between the goalkeeper's gloves and the ball.

Name of 20 10 World Cup.

Global celebration is the name of the dance. 20 10 soccer world cup ball: a ball named "Kopanya" produced by adidas, which means "playing together". The surface of this ball is covered with mysterious patterns composed of red, green, yellow and black. The name of the ball comes from Lesotho, a tribe in southern South Africa, which means "together".

-The dividing line symbolizing football technology.

Maybe some friends have just discovered that small football is being integrated into more and more modern technology. Indeed, there are several technical points that modern football technology is talking about ~

Sphere circumference test

The consistency of the circumference of a sphere is one of the important characteristics of football. A perfect sphere with the same circumference can make players pass the ball better and control the operation of football. In order to calculate the average sphere circumference of football, each Adidas ball is measured by 10 different sphere test points.

Endurance sphere test

Football with a perfect round sphere can help football players show their superb football skills. The closer a football sphere is to a perfect circle, the more stable and accurate it will be in flight, and the more predictable it will be. The brand-new special-shaped square design can better transmit the power of the kicker, effectively reduce the angle of the target area formed after the football flies, and the larger square of the football sphere can provide more and better kicking points for the players.

absorption test

Wet football and dry football have completely different performances. The flying speed of wet football is slower, the rebound height is lower, and it is more difficult to kick the spinning ball.

Weight test (420-445g)

Every professional game needs to use several footballs, and every football used in a game requires the same performance. The consistency of football weight is very important. If the football is too light or too heavy, the flying angle and route of the football will be difficult to predict.

Ball shape and size retention ability test

A football is played about 2000 times in a game on average. However, we need the performance of football to be consistent from the first minute to the last minute of the game.

In order to test the ability of a football to keep its shape and size, the standards approved by FIFA require a football to hit the steel plate 2000 times at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour. After this test, the ball pressure and the curvature of the ball are only allowed to change slightly, and the ball valve and joint of the ball can be used in the game without damage.

Springback performance test

Football players need to be able to predict and master the rebounding performance of football well when using their chest, thighs and feet to control football or pass people.

In this unique test, the football will fall on the steel plate many times from a height of 2 meters. The height difference between the highest and lowest after rebounding should not exceed 10 cm.

ball-pressure test

If the pressure of football is reduced in the game, it is difficult for players to predict the running direction and trajectory of football, and football can not meet the requirements of consistency of rebound effect. The change of football pressure directly affects the success rate of long pass and bottom pass.

In this test, the football is completely inflated and put aside, and its pressure is measured three days later. According to FIFA, the decrease of football pressure cannot exceed a certain pressure ratio.

-I don't know where the dividing line comes from.

Finally, let's talk about some external influences brought by football progress.

First of all, football is getting faster and faster. Relatively speaking, is the referee getting dizzy? If you know Carroll Gate, you will know what I mean.

If you look at Nike 90 football again, you may find "big checkmarks" flying everywhere on the pitch of the European League. Yes, the biggest feature of Nike 90 football pattern design is that the Nike logo is so conspicuous at any time when the football flies and rotates. Judging from the advertising effect, this is undoubtedly a very successful design!