With the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people in China begin to enjoy life. The concept of leisure sports came into being. Come and see the development trend of leisure sports with me! With the help of tourism and other industries, leisure sports have developed rapidly in China. There are many tourism resources in China, so how to better integrate sports, leisure and tourism resources will become the key point for the development of the whole industry.
In today's world, leisure is a fashion, and sports is also a fashion. The combination of sports and leisure is an inevitable trend of fashion development. Golf, yacht, racing, Olympic Games and World Cup have become the focus of world attention, which can not only promote the overall promotion of leisure tourism-related industries, but also promote the great development of regional economy. It can even affect the development pattern of world economy and politics.
Discover mass sports, folk traditional sports, ancient sports, regular sports, etc. After leisure transformation, it can become the fresh content of tourism and leisure, forming new attraction and profit point of leisure tourism.
With the arrival of the era of upgrading the tourism industry system, how to grasp and use sports leisure forms in tourism development and innovate leisure ways by using the masses and traditional sports activities?
Concepts and perspectives
Sports and tourism have a natural connection since ancient times. In ancient times, hiking was an exercise of will and physical strength. At present, tourism is still an effective way to keep fit-people leave their usual living environment and enjoy the famous mountains, rivers, places of interest and exotic scenery. When visiting, they still have to walk long or short roads, climb high or low mountains and sweat more or less, which is also a kind of physical exercise in itself.
Sports tourism is an important branch of modern tourism system. Whether at home or abroad, sports tourism products have become increasingly rich and mature, attracting a large number of sports tourism enthusiasts. With the extension of leisure to sports, leisure tourism, sports and fashion, culture and local material and cultural resources are gradually integrated, creating a sports, interesting, regional and cultural leisure atmosphere. We prefer to call it sports leisure, and interpret this new leisure tourism mode from the perspective of "leisure tourism" suitable for development, rather than relatively professional "sports".
Sports and leisure are being welcomed by people from all walks of life at home and abroad. Cycling, horseback riding or camel riding, mountain climbing, rock climbing, desert exploration on foot, field survival training, canyon rafting, hot air balloon or paragliding, skating, skiing, grass skiing and other fashionable sports and leisure projects are in the ascendant; Various sports events and sports culture festivals have attracted the attention of hundreds of millions of people.
From the perspective of tourism, sports leisure, as a new product in the tourism market, is a new form of leisure tourism based on sports resources, relying on the shaping of leisure environment atmosphere, planning, designing and combining related products through various sports, stimulating people's consumption desires and needs, and then participating in sports and natural feelings. In a narrow sense, sports leisure refers to a leisure form that meets and adapts to tourists' various sports needs, enables tourists to develop physically and mentally harmoniously and give full play to their functions with the help of various sports activities. Broadly speaking, sports leisure also includes all kinds of sports entertainment, physical exercise, sports events, fitness rehabilitation, sports cultural exchanges, sports festivals and various leisure activities derived from them.
We defined the concept of sports leisure from the perspective of leisure tourism, and in the following research, we also analyzed sports leisure from the same perspective.
Development trend of sports and leisure
1, the change of consumption pattern increases the demand for sports and leisure.
According to the latest statistics, every city resident in China participates in 3.54 sports on average, and 90% of consumers spend 50 ~ 100 yuan at a time in stadiums. 1997 The national sports goods expenditure is the third largest consumption expenditure besides the daily basic living expenses. 10 years, the sports consumption pattern of urban residents in China has undergone tremendous changes. According to the survey, among the sports consumption of urban residents in China, physical consumption accounts for 60%, and labor consumption accounts for 40% (in developed areas), much higher than 10 years ago. The number of consumers going to stadiums and going out to participate in sports, leisure and tourism has also increased significantly, and maintained a rapid upward trend. With the development of economy and the improvement of income level, people spend more on education, culture, entertainment and leisure tourism. Especially since 2005, China's per capita GDP has reached $65,438 +0.700. China's tourism industry has entered a new era of mass leisure and international tourism development, and sports leisure, as a fashionable leisure tourism mode, has become a trend. As far as leisure tourism itself is concerned, tourists are not limited to traditional sightseeing methods, but are more willing to participate in some sports leisure tourism projects that can promote health, restore physical fitness and strengthen physical exercise awareness, such as mountaineering, swimming, skiing and watching large-scale competitions. The consumption concept of sports and leisure has been deeply rooted in people's hearts.
China's rapid economic growth and changes in market demand brought about by income class differences have led to the development of tourism products in many directions, such as leisure and sports. The structural adjustment of tourism products has become the top priority of tourism at this stage. On the basis of consolidating the development of tourism products, combining leisure generalization and leisure structure adjustment, it is an important task for contemporary tourism practitioners to vigorously develop the design and development of modern tourism products such as urban tourism, exhibition tourism, business tourism, industrial tourism, agricultural tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, sports tourism, festivals and exhibitions, further enrich tourism products, increase tourism supply, meet the diversified needs of domestic and foreign tourists, and realize the diversified development model of tourism.
2. The generalization of sports industry makes it possible to combine sports with leisure tourism.
Sports industry refers to sports-related industries formed with sports as the support point, with the focus on the process of promoting sports activities and promoting enterprise products or services or enterprise visibility. Its industrial structure is as follows: original industries: sports viewing and performance, sports training service, professional sports, sports fitness entertainment and sports science and technology information service.
Carrier industries: sportswear, sports equipment manufacturing, sports tourism, sports media and advertising.
In recent years, with the smooth implementation of the National Fitness Program and the promotion of sports management system reform, China's sports industry has made great progress. The reform of competitive sports with the breakthrough of establishing professional football clubs and holding professional football leagues has promoted the process of sports industrialization in China. Basketball, volleyball, table tennis and other professional leagues have appeared one after another, and the business activities of sports sponsorship and sports market are increasing day by day, which has promoted the growth of the original industry of sports industry and the formation of carrier industry. This provides rich activities and a good social environment for the development of sports and leisure. The masses can participate in sports activities in many ways, among which mountaineering, swimming, skiing, watching games and other sports activities through leisure tourism are one of the main forms.
Due to the increasing demand of consumers for sports activities and the increasing support of relevant departments of leisure tourism industry, the cooperation between sports industry and leisure tourism industry has broad prospects.
3. China has the advantages and basic conditions to develop sports and leisure.
China is a country with a vast territory, a long history and many nationalities. The types of sports are diverse, and the sports culture is profound and integrated into all aspects. These characteristics make China have valuable sports and leisure tourism resources. China is suitable for almost all kinds of physical fitness activities because of its large latitude span and great differences in landform and climate. Snow sports can be carried out in the northeast, water sports can be carried out in the coastal areas of southeast rivers, desert exploration can be carried out in Xinjiang and other places, and rock climbing can be carried out in many famous mountains. At the same time, almost every region has unique sports folk activities, such as Nadam Convention in Inner Mongolia, Qingjiang Beach Festival in Hubei, Tujia hand-waving dance, dragon boat race and so on. These folk sports activities contain strong folk culture and have unique charm.
The market demand generated by sports and leisure, combined with the general environment and superior basic conditions of sports industry, has created unprecedented opportunities for the development of sports and leisure in China, and also provided effective solutions for upgrading the tourism industry system and scenic products.
Classification of sports and leisure
Due to the diversification of sports, the categories and classification methods of sports and leisure are also diverse. This paper mainly introduces the division of sports and leisure from the perspective of sports and tourism development.
1, basic sports classification
Dynamic projects and static projects
According to the degree of tourists' participation, sports and leisure projects can be divided into static and dynamic. Static type means that tourists do not participate in sports, but just watch or appreciate such sports, such as watching sports competitions, large-scale activities or sports events such as the Olympic Games and the World Cup. Dynamic type refers to the sports that tourists participate in, such as swimming, skiing, ball games and extreme sports such as rock climbing, bungee jumping and rafting. It should be noted that most dynamic participatory projects can also be objects of static viewing.
Sports, exercise and leisure activities
From the form and purpose of sports, sports and leisure projects can be divided into competitive, exercise and leisure categories. Competitive events refer to sports with the purpose of competition, such as various competitions; Exercise program refers to daily fitness activities and exercise programs, such as fitness, Tai Ji Chuan, aerobics, jogging, etc. Leisure projects emphasize their own leisure, such as mountaineering, fishing, surfing, diving, beach volleyball, skiing and so on.
Sports, exercise and leisure events are not completely separated, such as skiing, there are many international competitive events; You can also exercise; It is also the most important form of leisure exercise in winter.
Other classification methods
As far as sports venues are concerned, they can be divided into indoor categories, such as shuffleboard, table tennis and badminton. Outdoor categories, such as golf and lawn bowling; Exploration, camping, skiing and other rural types.
According to national characteristics, it can be divided into traditional types, such as swimming and archery; Folk customs, such as kicking shuttlecock and tug-of-war competitions; Ethnic types, such as wrestling, grabbing sheep and chasing girls; Military type, such as Picobo and Radium War.
According to the characteristics of the times, sports can be divided into ancient types such as cuju, polo, archery, horse racing and competition. Fashion, such as golf and ice climbing.
2. Interpretation from the perspective of tourism development.
According to the function of sports leisure in tourism development and management, we discuss it from four aspects: support, promotion, marketing and service.
Support class
It can independently support the sports and leisure content of scenic spots and even tourist destinations, such as skiing, golf and rafting. Skiing, as the most important form of winter leisure sports, has begun to show great influence, especially in recent years, ski resorts have mushroomed all over the country, and the ski market is hot. With the support of skiing, many ski resorts and their cities have become winter tourist destinations in the surrounding areas. Skiing, such as Beidahu Ski Resort on the outskirts of Jilin, echoes the Wusong wonders in Jilin, making Jilin one of the most important winter tourist destinations in China.
Weightlifting level
The sports and leisure content that can greatly enhance the tourism products in scenic spots or tourist areas is often the sum of a series of projects of the same type or echoing each other. For example, the promotion of various outdoor sports to Shan Ye scenic spots; Promotion of waterfront attractions by various water recreation sports; Upgrading entertainment centers into hotels and resorts; High-end sports venues such as golf driving range have driven high-end tourism real estate events. When considering this kind of content, we need to focus on leisure and service.
Marketing category
Through this kind of sports and leisure content, we can greatly enhance the popularity and reputation of scenic spots and tourist areas, and finally attract huge tourists. Long-term and stable marketing activities are also an effective tourism profit model. Such as independent planning and undertaking of large-scale activities, planning of sports festivals and other activities. World-famous events such as Olympic Games, World Cup, NBA, F 1 car racing and round-the-world sailing. Every time, the venues and competitions can earn a lot of money, and even some relics left behind will become the most important tourist spots for future generations. It is not uncommon in China to upgrade scenic spots by independently planning large-scale activities and sports festivals. For example, Chongqing Wulong holds an outdoor cross-country challenge every year. Recently, after the broadcast of "Golden Flower in the City", the zip line scene in the film is impressive, which also makes Wulong's tourism show an unprecedented development trend.
service class
Mainly refers to meet the sports and leisure needs of tourists and residents, with service-oriented sports and leisure content, such as the common residential fitness equipment area in China at present; Fitness places and activity organizations in parks and urban green spaces.
Reflections on the development of sports leisure projects in specific regions
Different tourist attractions and main venues have different sports and leisure projects suitable for development. In order to make the classification of sports and leisure projects clear, we make research and analysis according to grasslands, forests, desert Gobi, beaches, lakes, rivers, canyons, caves, mountains and rivers, wetlands, parks, fields, indoors, villages and cities, and list some sports and leisure projects suitable for development, so as to provide a point for the combined development of sports and leisure in tourist attractions.
Grassland area:
Suitable for horse racing and equestrian activities; Wrestling, archery and other related sports of Mongolian, Kazak and other riding ethnic groups; Nadam and other Mongolian traditional folk sports festivals; And modern fashion sports such as grass skiing, lawn motorcycle, lawn bowling and golf.
Forest zone:
It is suitable for carrying out sports and leisure projects such as forest field battle, oxygen bath in forest oxygen bar, forest exploration, cross-country skiing, jungle crossing, jungle countercurrent, camping, horseback riding, etc.
Desert Gobi:
Suitable for hiking, sand skiing, desert adventure, desert motorcycle, desert racing, sand bath, camel riding and other related sports and leisure projects.
Coastal areas:
Suitable for swimming, yacht, diving, motorboat, water skiing, rowing, sailing, windsurfing, kayaking, sand skiing into the sea, beach volleyball, deep-sea diving, paragliding, snorkeling, water polo, water cycling and other leisure sports; Experiential game sports such as fishing and sailing; Water sports festivals, large-scale water sports events and other festivals; And folk water sports and festivals combined with local folk customs.
Lakes and rivers:
Similar to coastal areas, various water recreation, sports events and festivals can be held. In addition, due to its small size and interaction with the surrounding environment, it can also carry out water sports such as drifting, crossing the river, countercurrent and downstream, as well as folk sports such as dragon boat racing and bamboo rafts and related festivals.
Canyon caves:
Suitable for exploring caves, canyons, hiking, rock climbing, downhill, cross-country orienteering, hiking and other sports and leisure projects.
Mountains and rivers:
Suitable for mountaineering, rock climbing, orienteering, ice climbing, skiing and other leisure sports.
Wetland area:
Suitable for bird watching, ecological wetland viewing, boating, harpoon, fishing and other leisure sports.
Fields and villages:
Suitable for agricultural picking, golf, camping and other leisure sports; There are also some folk sports and festivals, such as wrangling. In addition, urban sports in rural areas, increasing leisure and ecological content, also has a strong market prospect.
City parks:
Suitable for physical exercise, Tai Ji Chuan and other martial arts sports, ball games, park orientation, roller skating, skateboarding, artificial rock climbing and other sports and leisure projects.
Indoor:
Including hotels and resorts in cities and villages, suitable for indoor ball games such as billiards, bowling, shuffleboard and squash, aerobic and anaerobic exercises such as SPA, massage and yoga, and health-preserving exercises such as Tai Chi. Indoor rock climbing, roller skating and other extreme sports.
It should be noted that in most tourist development zones, it is impossible to have only one resource, usually a combination of several resources. Therefore, the development of sports and leisure can not be clearly divided according to the above classification, and corresponding sports and leisure products should be developed according to local conditions and market demand.
The above research is general and broad, but the design has reached a preliminary classification and some conceptual understanding. The combination of sports leisure and tourism development still needs a long way to go. To understand sports and leisure from the perspective of tourism development and operation, we should not only consider various projects; It is also necessary to study various relationships between sports leisure tourism destinations, sports leisure scenic spots, sports leisure enterprises and society; And fully consider the relationship between sports and leisure tourism content and comprehensive social and economic development.
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