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7 ~ "|&/r: p" x * s (v) At present, icebreakers in the world are generally divided into three levels: one is ordinary icebreaker, 15000 horsepower; One is an intermediate icebreaker with 25,000 horsepower; The other is Yamal, a nuclear-powered icebreaker with 75,000 horsepower. Yamal icebreaker is the safest icebreaker in the world and the only super civil icebreaker in the world that can reach the North Pole. 0q $ O； Johnson & Johnson company D. b0 n5 t4 ^
3 X2 h' i: p7 O5 s* M) Q. g It not only has super horsepower of 75,000 horses, but also has a 70cm thin skate under the bow. There are two large propellers on both sides of the skates, which will continuously spray high-temperature hot water when necessary, so that the ice can be easily cut and divided into smaller ice cubes to facilitate the ship's progress. At the same time, the steel plates on both sides of the hull are 48 cm thick, which is enough to resist any pressure on the hull when the ice is squeezed. Because of this, the Yamal icebreaker can easily break the ice on a 6-meter-thick ice layer, and the maximum breaking ice can reach 9 meters. Not only that, the powerful icebreaker Yamal is enough to pull another ship to break the ice in the Arctic Ocean and walk like a fly.
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Early nuclear-powered icebreakers, including Lenin and Aktika of the Soviet Union, were built in 1959 and 1975 respectively. The Soviet Arctic icebreaker with two nuclear reactors is equipped with a 75,000 horsepower engine.
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9 u2 ~' {% X9 Z8 @ J6 ~ Although the latest icebreaker is of little significance compared with theirs, Yamal, which was launched for the first time in 1993, also has two nuclear reactors, with a length of 490 feet, a displacement of 23,000 tons and a steel armor thickness of 4.8 cm. /A8 s(H $ `# to l ' f Q
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* * * There are 150 crew members on standby at any time. Recently, Yamal was opened to tourists. In addition to 50 luxurious cabins, the luxury facilities such as library, lounge, cinema, bar, volleyball hall, gym, indoor heated swimming pool and sauna room are also amazing. The helicopter hovering above the ship is used to survey glaciers and play a navigation role.
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% k5 E！ P.b8h *) i2o # b, a giant in the ice sea, is very striking in red, and the bow is painted with a shark mouth with big teeth, which makes the momentum of the whole ship feel more like an ice sea.
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# x' x7 O4 a！ S6i+Q0R2j) The Wyyamal icebreaker has two nuclear reactors, so it has been shown to explorers in a mysterious way since boarding the ship: docked at a military port in Russia, passengers need to go through two iron gates to enter the boarding area, and the ship is guarded by troops and dogs, and no one is allowed to take pictures or videos; When a ship leaves port, it is always accompanied by a military boat; And its engine part, the nuclear heavy water reactor, will never allow passengers to approach at will ... because 260 explorers and crew from all over the world 16 countries will be in zero contact with the nuclear reactor for nearly a month on this mysterious civilian passenger ship. In order to dispel the worries and doubts of the passengers, yesterday morning, the Russian ship finally agreed to open the mysterious door to the explorers and let everyone visit the heart of the ship-nuclear heavy water.
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% P * y+I % X & amp； Q2 s# c0 D，e； U heavy water reactor is placed in a 5-meter-high sealed space, and you can only see it through a small window at the top. There are only two heavy water reactors, just like two ordinary high-voltage transformers in Guangzhou, and there are four generator sets around each heavy water reactor. 3t+I； V8 `+ w5 u "means
6 {/m+e-a & amp； [ 1 ` * { & amp； Although the structure of L, S "F is not complicated, it contains extremely dangerous nuclear fuel, enough to destroy the entire Arctic Ocean. It takes about three months to fill two reactors in Yamal with 1000 kg of nuclear fuel at a time, which is enough to maintain Yamal's operation for four years.
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2 p) F5 _ "] 9U2L 'Hyyamal icebreaker central control room, which controls the whole nuclear reactor. 12 controllers are all excellent Russian nuclear power scientists or engineers, and they are the pride of the whole ship. They are divided into three groups, which work in shifts every four hours and monitor the reactor 24 hours a day. There are two red buttons in front of two Russian engineers sitting in the main console. When an accident occurs in the nuclear reactor, no one in the whole control room has the right to touch these two red buttons to shut down the nuclear reactor and ensure safety. 5 j) p6 B 1 M# v. v
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At present, only Russia can make nuclear-powered icebreakers, and the nuclear power plants made in Russia are the safest in the world. It has special rules and regulations on the design, installation and test of nuclear power plants, which are very strict.
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F' X+ Y2 V9 U5 i( ~2 R% d) In addition to the 12 controller who directly monitors the nuclear reactor in the control room, there are nearly 50 crew members who are responsible for the management and maintenance of Yamal nuclear power plant. They have undergone rigorous training and rich experience, which can ensure the safe operation of Yamal nuclear power plant. P8 h+ Z% w5？ 8 pages:)
+S9 s' o # {1 y $ 【 "The nuclear power plant of the icebreaker U7T $ G Yamal is not as dangerous as people think. It has zero radiation. In case of an accident, all control programs can shut down the whole reactor within 0.6 seconds. Because nuclear energy is the newest, cleanest and lowest unit cost power resource at present, we can't give it up because of its potential danger. Of course, nuclear energy is a double-edged sword, and we must always be on high alert.
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The Yamal icebreaker was built at St. Petersburg Shipyard in Russia on May 25th, 1986, and was officially launched on October 28th, 1992, with a total cost of US$ 3 billion. It is 55m high,150m long and 30m wide. The hull has 12 floors, four of which are underwater, including all guest rooms, storage rooms and control rooms. There are 1280 cabins. Yamal has two seawater purifiers, which can provide 240 cubic meters of drinking water every day; In case of emergency such as storm or grounding, the food and materials it carries can maintain the survival of passengers on board for 7 months. The most special thing about Yamal is that it has two nuclear heavy water reactors, which is why it can rely on the super horsepower of 75,000 to carry an iceberg as high as 6 meters in the Arctic Ocean.