The problem elements of a single problem point clearly, and there are few types of elements. There is generally only one answer element. Common problems are: problems, influences, countermeasures, etc. These elements can be answered by finding keywords in the material:
I. Problems
Common problems include: problems, deficiencies, dilemmas, manifestations, bottlenecks, challenges, difficulties, etc. We can pay attention to the negative elements in the material and look for symbolic words. Such as: unscientific, unreasonable, imperfect, imperfect and inadequate; Lack, lack, loss; Less, worse, weaker, etc.
Second, the impact
The influence can be roughly divided into positive influence and negative influence. Frequently asked questions about positive influence: significance, effect, achievement, positive effect, etc. The words we can pay attention to are: promotion, improvement, increase, improvement, mitigation, realization, promotion and coercion. Frequently asked questions about negative effects: consequences, hazards, etc. Words include: reduce, reduce, destroy, hinder, aggravate, strengthen, etc.
Third, countermeasures.
Common problems are: practices, measures, suggestions, countermeasures, viewpoints, experiences, inspirations, etc. We should focus on the verbs in the materials, such as promoting, pushing, establishing, perfecting, coordinating and setting. You can also put off the problem and learn from experience.
It should be noted that some countermeasure questions only require answering countermeasures; Some countermeasures that need to be answered. When both questions and countermeasures should be answered, it is suggested that the two elements should be answered separately, which is more clear.
When answering a single question, please pay attention to the following points:
1. The topics, especially the topics, should be checked in the order of scope, theme, structure and requirements. For example, if the theme of "psychological problems of teenagers in transition period" is not investigated clearly, it is possible to take questions other than psychology as the target answer, which leads to inaccurate answers and exceeds the number of words answered.
2, material processing should pay attention to the use of skills. Material processing includes abstraction, generalization, analysis and deduction. Abstraction should pay attention to standardized keywords, rather than copying the original text in large paragraphs; In case of unclear, incomplete and nonstandard words, it should be summarized in standardized words, such as "In the past, there were 34,000 to 35,000 pigs in the village, and piglets were born, slaughtered and sick pigs died every day. The specific figures are not clear." It is an irregular expression, which can be summarized as "unclear quantity".
3. Pay attention to whether the answers are classified. First of all, it should be clear that classification is not mandatory in other cases only when there is "reasonable classification, clear hierarchy, division, diversity and induction" in the stem of the question. Secondly, classification does not depend on students' "random division", and in most cases it should be classified according to the logic of the material itself.
Comprehensive problem
Comprehensive questions correspond to single questions, and there are many factors to be investigated. There are three common ways to ask questions, namely, summarizing the main contents, explaining words, and analyzing opinions and phenomena. However, the main content of the summary has not appeared in the national examination in recent years, and we can focus on the latter two types of questions when preparing for the exam.
First, the interpretation of words
Question: The meaning of talking ...; Explain ...; Understanding of ...
Thinking of answering questions: explain (according to the expert's point of view, sentences similar to the words being explained, summary sentences, etc. , simply express the meaning of the word)+related elements (problems, hazards, meanings, examples, etc. )+countermeasures (how to do it).
Please give a comprehensive explanation of the "population curse" in combination with "given data 3 ~ 4".
According to the answer thinking, predict the answer content of this question, including:
1, meaning of population curse (explanation);
2. The reason why the population curse appears, what impact it will bring, and so on. What is written on the material?
3. How can we avoid the population curse (countermeasures).
Pay attention to the following when answering the sentence explanation questions:
You can quickly locate keywords through emotional colors. Because the application materials usually don't give the meaning of the words or sentences that need to be explained at the beginning, but give the specific meaning of the words or sentences after reading them, the materials before this may not be clear about whether there are key points and what they are, so they may often feel confused and unclear. Clever use of emotional color can solve this problem, for example, the stem of the question requires an explanation of the "population curse", and the examinee should be able to judge that the "population curse" is not a good thing when examining the question, so its explanation should also be negative, so when reading the material, the negative information can be outlined first; For another example, the title requires understanding "Appreciating the softness of Confucianism through the image of water". The image of water and the softness of Confucianism are literally positive, so we can pay attention to the positive words in the materials. In this way, we can locate the key words and judge the relevant elements and countermeasures after the material is explained.
Of course, this is an auxiliary skill in answering questions, and it can never be used as a basis for answering questions. After all, some topics cannot be judged by subjective feelings. For example, the 20 15 national prefecture-level examination questions once asked us to understand the sentence "New technology is a creative destructive force". On the surface, it seems that the new technology has "created" something and "destroyed" something, both good and bad, but in fact, all the information given in the materials is the meaning brought by the new technology (the so-called "destruction" only destroys the backward things). So remember that "material is king".
Second, the problem of viewpoint phenomenon analysis
Question: Views/opinions on ....
Requirements: clear point of view, thorough analysis, full argument, well-founded and so on.
The idea of the answer is: statement+reason (from problems, harm, significance, examples, etc.)+countermeasures.
For example, the phenomenon that "doctoral students escape from scientific research and choose to be middle school teachers" mentioned in "given data 5" has aroused heated discussion in society. Please refer to the data given and comment on this phenomenon.
According to the thinking of answering the question, first state this question, that is, whether this phenomenon is good or bad, or both, which needs to be treated rationally; Secondly, answer the reasons, saying that if this phenomenon is good, it is necessary to explain the good reasons, and if it is not good, it is necessary to list the bad reasons. If both parties have it, they need to fully explain the reasons; Finally, the countermeasures are given.
When answering the problem of viewpoint phenomenon analysis, we should pay attention to the following contents:
Pay attention to statements based on questions and materials, not personal subjective judgments. In addition, if the topic requires "sufficient arguments" and "well-founded", then the answer must be written with "typical examples". What is a "typical case"? That is, an example described in a large section of material. When writing a case, you can often use concise language. For example, there is a piece of material describing the story of Ms. Wu, the "most beautiful mother", catching a baby falling from a building, which was reported by the media and praised by the masses. We just need to write it as "the most beautiful mother, Ms. Wu, bravely taking the baby who fell from the building."
Official document title
The so-called "official document title" in the application examination is generally a common transactional document, not a statutory document.
Question: in the stem of the question, there will be expressions of quantifier+language, such as a proposal, a speech, an open letter, a guiding opinion, etc.
Many candidates are most worried about the format of official documents. In fact, the complete official document format only contains three parts: title, title (the main sending organ) and signature, specifically:
1, title
Writing: issuing authority+cause+language.
For example, the State Council's Notice on Resolutely Stabilizing Market Prices.
However, in the application examination, the "issuing authority" can be omitted, that is, the topic can be written in the format of "about+cause+language" For example, "Proposal on Calling Employees to Love their Work and Actively Innovate".
2. Title or main delivery organ
Need top-level way to write, such as VIP, community, residents.
Step 3 sign
Just write it in the lower right of the text, including the sender or unit and the posting time, and the sender or unit is just above the posting date. Among them, the specific time of posting can be replaced by "XX", such as "XX, XX, XX, XX".
Answer the official document questions should pay attention to the following contents:
1, the complete format includes three parts: title, title (main sending organ) and signature, but not all official documents must completely include these three parts. For example, official documents that require us to comment on certain viewpoints or phenomena do not need to write titles and signatures. 20 14 vice-provincial national examination questions require us to write a comment on "drifting with the flow", so we only need to write the topic of "farewell to drifting with the flow and becoming mature", and we don't need to write the topic.
2. The content of official documents is often determined by the writing purpose of official documents. For example, the topic requires writing an investigation report on the construction of water system in foreign cities, the purpose of which is naturally to introduce all the contents of the investigation, so as long as the information related to the theme of "water system construction in foreign cities" is written as the focus of the answer. For another example, if the topic asks to write a short comment on "correctly treating the new generation of network", its purpose is to evaluate the new generation of network, then the content of its answer should be our attitude towards its evaluation, related reasons and how to treat the new generation of network in the future. Therefore, the writing content of official documents needs to be determined according to the purpose of official documents, and we need to grasp it flexibly.
Craftsman's Spiritual Beauty Appreciation (Changkaodian)
Is labor still glorious? Can labor still make you rich?
Let the dream of "laborers" come true.
-Standing at the starting line of the new era ②
Embracing knowledge, skills and innovation is the only way to transform China's demographic dividend from "quantity" to "quality", and it is also the key weight for each individual to enlarge the value of life.
Is labor still glorious? Can labor still make you rich? These slightly grand propositions have recently caused repeated discussions among people, especially young people. On the internet, an economist once threw out a conclusion that "three views are ruined": labor can't make you rich, which was quickly refuted by many netizens from fact to logic and from theory to truth. Facts have proved that it is not only a simple principle of being a man, but also a fundamental law of social development, and it is also a sincere belief deeply rooted in the hearts of every worker in our time.
Respecting labor and workers is a major proposition related to the foundation of society. Adam Smith thought that labor was the source of national wealth at the beginning of The Wealth of Nations. Marx's labor theory of value further refined the meaning of labor; China's reform has even been called "industrious revolution" by foreign media, because it has always attached importance to getting rich through hard work and believed in creating value through labor. Looking back at history, from the "Iron Man Spirit" to the "Red Flag Canal Spirit" and then to the "Manned Space Spirit", it is the workers who have worked tirelessly to grasp the iron, which has made today's brilliant China. Undeniably, the society once doubted the value of the labor force, but today, with the general increase in the salary of blue-collar jobs, the annual salary of the great craftsmen in some enterprises is even as high as one million, and the value of the labor force is returning. All these constitute a solid foundation for the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "Building a glorious social fashion of labor and a professional atmosphere of striving for perfection".
The connotation of laborers has been expanded as never before. Network anchor, professional e-sportsman, personal trainer, dream planner ... These rare jobs have been created, and at the same time, they have also spawned new "winners in life" in this era. Chongqing Chaotianmen's "army" has come to an end, and there is less and less work purely for physical requirements, calling for the rapid expansion of creative industries. With the agitation of new development concept and the continuous advancement of supply-side structural reform, the refinement of division of labor not only broadens the connotation of workers, but also promotes the improvement of labor accuracy. The same processing of a part, 99% accuracy is a craftsman, and 99.99% accuracy becomes a great country craftsman. Not only is the labor force not outdated, but its market value will be further highlighted.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that it is necessary to build a team of knowledge-based, skilled and innovative workers and promote the spirit of model workers and craftsmen. It is precisely because knowledge and labor are closely linked like mortises and tenons that we reiterate the meaning of diligence and emphasize the weight of knowledge. Entrepreneurs who take off on the cusp of knowledge economy, "their arms are not lengthened" and "their voices are not aggravated", provide a lever for knowledge. This is a wind direction and a direction: emphasizing hard work does not mean blind efforts, and any new business is inseparable from innovation. Embracing knowledge, skills and innovation is the only way to transform China's demographic dividend from "quantity" to "quality", and it is also the key weight for each individual to enlarge the value of life. As the saying goes, many skills are not pressed down, and the ability is not seen by academic qualifications. In the new era, this steelyard can weigh a person's real weight more than ever before.
To make workers' dreams come true, what hardworking and brave people need most is a fairer employment environment and more opportunities to shine in life. More than 30 years ago, it was the gate between urban and rural areas that opened, which made the hands and feet tied to the land stretch out at once, and made a qualitative leap in China's productivity. Today, with the continuous advancement of household registration reform, market opportunities are increasing, and more people have the opportunity to become successful. But this road needs to be further widened. From funding to incubating entrepreneurial projects, from strengthening vocational training to providing career planning guidance, from improving the protection of labor rights and interests to eliminating employment discrimination, when every initial dream is treated well, hard work will naturally become a belief.
"After picking flowers into honey, who will work hard for whom?" From the perspective of system operation, it is more important to ensure that the bees picking flowers eat the sweetest honey than to encourage "silkworms spin silk and bees make honey", which requires further improvement of the distribution system. Only by adhering to the principle of distribution according to work, improving the system and mechanism of distribution according to factors, and "persisting in realizing the simultaneous growth of economic growth and residents' income and the simultaneous improvement of labor productivity" can workers enjoy the fruits of reform and development. When all hardworking and law-abiding people can get rich and become a huge middle-income group, the value of labor is self-evident.
"People's livelihood is diligent, but there is no shortage of diligence." The decisive victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way, and then building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power in an all-round way, fundamentally depends on labor and laborers. Happiness does not fall from the sky, but labor can make dreams come true.