Four famous pavilions in China

Four famous pavilions: Aiwan Pavilion (Changsha, Hunan), Zuiweng Pavilion (Chuxian, Anhui), Taoran Pavilion (Beijing) and Huxin Pavilion (West Lake, Hangzhou).

Zuiweng Pavilion in Chuxian County, Anhui Province

Located at the foot of Langya Mountain in the southwest of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, it is one of the famous historical sites in Anhui Province, and this pavilion is the core of the masterpiece Zuiweng Pavilion written by Ouyang Xiu, a great essayist in the Song Dynasty. Zuiweng Pavilion is small and unique, with the characteristics of Konantei. It is close to the steep mountain wall, with cornices hanging in the air. Although it has been robbed and rebuilt many times for hundreds of years, it will never be forgotten. After liberation, the people's government listed Zuiweng Pavilion as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit and repaired it many times.

(A) Ouyang Xiu and Zuiweng Pavilion-Langxie Mountain

Our trip to Chuzhou is entirely to pay tribute to Ouyang Xiu's drunken pavilion. At Zuiweng Pavilion, Ou Gong said straight away: "Chu is surrounded by mountains. Its mountains, forests and beauty in the southwest. " Let us be fascinated one by one; And the phrase "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also in mountains and rivers" makes our admiration for drunkenness pavilion continue to heat up.

Chuzhou is located in the east of Anhui Province, 48km away from Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and 30km away from Hefei, the provincial capital. It is one of the five scenic spots in Anhui Province because it is connected with the Langya Mountain peaks in the southwest of the city. Langya Mountain was called Motuoling in ancient times. According to legend, in the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Pei, the king of Langya, led troops to crusade against Wu here, and later generations renamed it "Langya Mountain". Langya Mountain is not very high, but it is quiet and beautiful, and it can be found in all seasons. The ravines in the mountains are deep, the trees are lush, the flowers and plants are everywhere, the birds are singing endlessly, the Langya trees are graceful as a cover, and the drunken elm is unique in the country, with Langya River, Liuli Marsh and Qushui Stream; Let the springs such as Quanshui, Mengyingquan and Weiziquan be sweet, and the caves such as Guiyun Cave, Hongxue Cave, Chongxi Cave and Taoyuan Cave are magical. There are also ancient buildings such as Langya Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, Zuiweng Pavilion and Fengle Pavilion built in the Song Dynasty, and hundreds of cliff stone carvings since the Tang and Song Dynasties. Among them, the stone statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva painted by Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty and the stone inscription of Zuiweng Pavilion and Fengle Pavilion written by Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty are regarded as rare treasures. The ancients called it "Eight Scenes in East Anhui", including famous mountains, famous temples, famous pavilions, famous springs, famous texts, famous monuments, famous caves and famous forests. Langya Mountain has always enjoyed the reputation of "there is no other mountain after Penglai".

Langya Mountain has a beautiful scenery and a long cultural history. According to historical records, the scenic spots of Langya Mountain began to open over the years from Li Youqing, the secretariat of the Tang Dynasty. In Nanshan, he "chiseled a stone to draw water from a spring, and it flowed into a stream", named Langya River. On the bank of the stream, "the upper and lower workshops are built, which are meditation halls and qintai". After Li Youqing, famous literati in Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Wei, Duguji, Li Shen, Li Deyu, Ouyang Xiu and Xin Qiji, successively went out to defend Chuzhou, built towers and developed mountains and rivers, and many famous sayings were circulated. Especially in the Song Dynasty, during Ouyang Xiu's reign, Zuiweng Pavilion and Fengle Pavilion were built, and famous works such as Zuiweng Pavilion and Fengle Pavilion were written. "With the help of European literature, the scenery of Chuzhou has become more and more beautiful." Langya Mountain is famous for its beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery. Scholars and dignitaries have come here to visit the ancient times and carve poems and stones. Famous poets and writers such as Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Song Lian, Wen Zhiming, Li Mengyang and Wang Shizhen also left footprints here. There are hundreds of cliff stone carvings since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The inscriptions on Zuiweng Pavilion "Zhen, Cao, Li and Zhuan" written by famous calligraphers in past dynasties complement the ancient mountain roads, ancient pavilions and ancient buildings. The beauty of Langya Mountain lies in the leisure outside the hustle and bustle; The elegance of Langya Mountain lies in its deep artistic conception, which combines natural landscape with architecture, making people interested and lingering. (Sun Mingxi)

(B) Ouyang Xiu and Zuiweng Pavilion-Zuiweng Pavilion

Zuiweng Pavilion is located beside the Langya Ancient Road halfway up Langya Mountain, which is the only place to go to Langya Temple. According to the Records of Langya Mountain, in the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1046), Ouyang Xiu was demoted to be the magistrate of Chuzhou, and he was nostalgic for the times and sent his feelings to the mountains and rivers. Ji Xian, a monk in the mountain, built a pavilion for him to drink and wrote poems. Ouyang Xiu named himself "Zuiweng" and wrote a famous article "Zuiweng Pavilion" with this pavilion. Zuiweng Pavilion is famous for this and is known as "the first pavilion in the world". Ouyang Xiu not only drinks here, but also often works here. There is a poem that praises: "I am happy for the government and always put my business in the pavilion." The phrase "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also in mountains and rivers" makes Ouyang Xiu's feelings for mountains and rivers and the inner world of An Minle evaporate incisively and vividly. A couplet in the pavilion also commented like this: "How can you get drunk if you don't drink too much?" You are still young and call yourself Weng. "

When Zuiweng Pavilion was first built, there was only one pavilion. It was not until the seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 188 1) that Quanjiao led Xue to rebuild, and Zuiweng Pavilion was restored to its original state. Zuiweng Pavilion is famous for Ouyang Xiu and his Zuiweng Pavilion. Although it has been robbed for hundreds of years, it will never be forgotten, as a couplet of Zuiwengting said: "Weng has been gone for 800 years, and his hometown is still there; The mountain is six or seven miles, and the pavilion is not alone. "

The architectural layout around Zuiweng Pavilion is compact and unique, and the pavilions are small and unique, with the characteristics of Jiangnan gardens. Now the Zuiweng Pavilion is no longer a lonely gazebo. Although the total area is less than 1000 square meter, there are nine courtyards and seven pavilions in the garden surrounded by mountains: Zuiweng Pavilion, Baosongzhai Pavilion, Fenggong Temple, Gumei Pavilion, Xiang Ying Pavilion, Yiting Pavilion, Yiting Pavilion and Lan Yu Terrace, which have different styles and advantages, and are called "Nine Scenes of Zuiweng". Zuiweng Pavilion is surrounded by mountains and waters, elegant and quiet. There are many ancient trees, pavilions, picturesque green hills, flowing clear water and a beautiful environment. The whole layout is rigorous and compact, with profound twists and turns, full of poetry and painting. The newly carved statue of Ouyang Xiu in the pavilion looks very peaceful. There is a boulder beside the pavilion, engraved with the word "Zuiweng Pavilion", with a round bottom. Not far from the pavilion, the spring overflowed from the ground, and a square pool was built with stones next to the spring eye. Water enters the pool and then flows into the mountain stream. The pool is three feet square and about two feet deep. On the pond, there is an inscription of "Rangquan" written by Wang Cikui during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. Let the spring water temperature change little throughout the year, and keep it at seventeen or eight degrees Celsius. Spring water is as sweet as water and as bright as glass, so it is also called "glass spring".

There is Erxian Hall in the north of Zuiwengting, which was built in the second year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1095). It was built by local people to commemorate Wang Yucheng and Ouyang Xiu, two governors before and after Chuzhou. The original museum has been destroyed, and now it is rebuilt after the founding of the People's Republic of China. There are two couplets in the hall. On the one hand, they said, "Is it a pastime to go to Huanggang to hold Zhouyi and burn incense silently?" On the other hand, they said, "When you wake up, you want to have fewer breasts and not be tired. When you are drunk, your dreams are clear. "They are indignant at the two vassal kings' relegation to Chuzhou because they care about state affairs, and deeply respect the two vassal kings for educating people with poetry and taking pleasure in the people. Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072), also known as Yongshu and Luling, was a famous writer, historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born in poverty, sensitive by nature and studious. Song Renzong Tiansheng eight years (1030), a scholar, served as an admonition officer, and also served as an official of the Hanlin Academy, an assistant secretary of the Council, and a political adviser. He was demoted for participating in Fan Zhongyan's "Qingli Innovation" and became the magistrate of Chuzhou. In literature, Ouyang Xiu took Han Yu as his ancestor and tried to sweep away the extravagance of literature in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, attracting a large number of elites such as Wang Anshi and Su Shi. The famous "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" in the history of China literature (Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty; Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty), six in Northern Song Dynasty. Except Ouyang Xiu himself, the other five are all Oumen. Ouyang Xiu has not only made extraordinary achievements, but also has a noble character, which has long been admired by our generation.

On the west side of Zuiweng Pavilion is Baosongzhai, which was built in the second year of tomorrow (AD 1622). It was built in the Ming Dynasty to protect Su Shi's calligraphy Zuiweng Pavilion. There are two stone tablets in Zhai, and the full text of Zuiweng Pavilion written by Su Dongpo is engraved on the front and back. Zuiweng Pavilion was first engraved in Li Qing in eight years, but it is difficult to spread for a long time because of its small inscription. In the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), Ouyang Xiu, a pupil of the Northern Song Dynasty, changed the book into big characters and re-engraved it. Article and calligraphy complement each other.

South of Baosongzhai is a big courtyard with pavilions, Gu Meiting, Xiang Ying Pavilion and a pavilion. The spring water flows in from the outside of the wall, winding, such as nine turns in the ileum. Legend has it that Ouyang Xiu once had a drink with friends here, and once imitated the Jin people to make "winding water and flowing water", which was relished by later generations. Later generations built pavilions at the "Jiuquliu" to imitate Ouyang Xiu's drinking. The pavilion, like Suzhou garden architecture, is very simple. Gumei Pavilion is located in the north of Zuiweng Pavilion. It is named after an ancient beauty in front of the pavilion, and it is also called appreciating Mei Ting. According to legend, this plum was planted by Ouyang Xiu, known as "Ou Mei" in the world. The original plum has long since died. This one was replanted by the Ming people. Gumei is 7 meters high and begins to divide into four branches when it is sixty or seventy centimeters from the ground. The four branches are more than 70 centimeters thick, pale and scarred. Despite hundreds of years of wind, frost, rain and snow, it is still flourishing and fragrant. This Gu Mei variety is relatively rare, its flowering period is not early in Yu Lamei, and it does not compete with Chun Mei. Only accompanied by apricot flowers, hence the name "apricot plum". There is a Gumei Pavilion in the north and a shadow pavilion in the south of ancient America. It was built on a pool and was originally named Mei Ting. Later, someone wrote two inscriptions on the wall, namely "Cold current and thin shadow" and "Cuiji fragrance", which were changed to this name. Spring is "wild and fragrant"; In summer, "the trees are beautiful and shaded"; In autumn, the sky is high and the clouds are light, "wind and frost are noble and clean"; In winter, the stone scenery in the stream is "clear", and the four seasons are different and enjoyable.

(3) Ouyang Xiu and Zuiweng Pavilion-Fengle Pavilion

Fengle Pavilion, built in the valley at the northern foot of Fengshan in Langya Mountain Scenic Area, is the best place to watch the scenery of Fengshan. It is about 1 km away from Chuzhou city. Here facing the peaks and valleys, next to the streams and streams, there are towering old trees and flowers everywhere, and the scenery is very beautiful. Regarding the construction of Fengle Pavilion, Ouyang Xiu told his friend in "A Letter to Han Zhongshu": "I accidentally got a spring in the phoenix valley in the southwest of Chuzhou City, and the water was sweet and cold. Because I love mountains, I built a small pavilion by the spring. " But the folklore is slightly different: it is said that Ouyang Xiu entertained guests at home and sent servants to make water and tea in front of the Zuiweng Pavilion. Unexpectedly, the servant fell down on his way home, and the water was gone, so he took spring water from nearby Fengshan. But Ouyang Xiu knew that it was not water that brewed the spring water, so the servants had to tell the truth. Ouyang Xiu immediately took the guests to Fengshan. Seeing that there are not only good springs here, but also beautiful scenery, he built a pool here to drain springs and a pavilion. The name of the spring is Fengle Spring, and the name of the pavilion is Fengle Pavilion, which means "rich in old things" and "having fun with the people". Ouyang Xiu also wrote a companion piece of "Preface to Drunk Pavilion" for this purpose, and also recorded the grand occasion of having fun with the people with the poem "Wandering in the Wind Pavilion": "Mangroves and green hills are dying and growing. Visitors don't know that spring will be old, and they will spend flowers in front of the pavilion. " Later, Su Dongpo carved the full text of Fengle Pavilion on the stone tablet in the pavilion for people to read and appreciate, leaving a rare treasure of "Irving Su's Ci, one integrated mass".

There is a mountain gate in front of Fengle Pavilion, and a main hall, Nine Sages Hall (also known as a dangerous building, which contains portraits of nine sages related to Chuzhou), Baofeng Hall and so on. There are walls all around. In Fengle Pavilion, there are the Fengle Pavilion stone tablet inscribed by Su Dongpo, the Guanyin Bodhisattva stone statue painted by Wu Daozi, and the twelve scenic stone tablets written by Yin Mengbi, a judge of Chuzhou in the Ming Dynasty, all of which are treasures of ancient culture and art in China.

There is a "Xijiang River" to the north of Fengle Pavilion, which is separated from Fengle Pavilion by a mountain. Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was attracted by the beautiful scenery here when he was in charge of Chuzhou secretariat. He recited a well-known poem, "Pity the grass stream, there are orioles singing in the trees, the spring tide brings late rain, and no one crosses the river in the wild." Later, people built Yedu Bridge, Yedu Temple and Quanfei Pavilion here according to Webster's poems. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to control floods and develop water conservancy, the government built a dam on the Xijiang River, forming a mountain reservoir called "Chengxi Lake", which made many scenic spots sink to the bottom of the lake, but another natural scene appeared, surrounded by green mountains, with clear water rippling in the middle, beautiful mountains and beautiful scenery, fish jumping and birds flying, infinite scenery and full of vitality.

(d) Drunken Weng is a romantic in Europe and the Soviet Union.

A pavilion is a building with a roof and no walls. Since ancient times, some famous pavilions have been closely related to traditional culture. Known as the four famous pavilions, Zuiweng Pavilion, Canglang Pavilion, Taoran Pavilion and Aiwan Pavilion all have their unique cultural connotations.

This pavilion is named after a person. Taoran Pavilion and Aiwan Pavilion were built in the Qing Dynasty, and their names were derived from Bai Juyi's poem "Drunk with Jun Taoran" and Du Mu's poem "Stop and Sit and Love LAM Raymond Night" respectively. Love Night Pavilion is also a famous place for Mao Zedong's early reading. The most famous Zuiweng Pavilion and Canglang Pavilion in history and culture are famous for thousands of years under the names of Ouyang Xiu and Su Shunqin, the literary giants of the Song Dynasty.

Zuiweng Pavilion and Canglang Pavilion were built in Li Qing for six years, located in Chuzhou, Huainan, Suzhou and Wuzhong respectively. Although the two pavilions face each other across the river and are hundreds of miles apart, they closely link the immortal friendship between the two literary giants of Europe and the Soviet Union, and further become a scenic spot admired and fascinated by future generations. As we all know, Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. By his side, Su Shunqin, with his outstanding literary talent and poetry, became the depth leader and backbone of this movement. Su Shunqin is also one of the two most admired poets in Ouyang Xiu's life (the other is Mei).

After Fan Zhongyan's "Qingli New Deal" failed, both Europe and the Soviet Union were implicated. Ouyang Xiu's fabricated "Zhang's nephew case" was demonized as a Chuzhou person; Su Shunqin was trapped by the so-called "prison of beating the government", abandoned waste for the people and lived in seclusion in Suzhou. It is a political setback for Ou Gong to live in Chuzhou, but he can face it calmly, be optimistic, revel in the beautiful scenery of "Chuzhou is surrounded by mountains on all sides", and often stay in Langya Mountain with his family, having fun with the citizens of Chuzhou, which has become a historical story. Zhi Xian, a monk in the mountain, admired Ou Gong's academic articles and moral character, and specially built a pavilion in the mountain to add interest to his visit. Ou Gong named the pavilion "Zuiweng" and created the ancient masterpiece Zuiweng Pavilion. At that time, he had reached middle age. "I am still strong at the age of forty, and I call myself an alcoholic to chat with theater guests." "Forty years old is not old, drunk." This shows his mood. Su Shunqin, who has no way to serve his country, wanders around Suzhou alone. He often wanders outside Suzhou. One day, he saw an open field surrounded by water on three sides on the east side of the county school. Surrounded by lush vegetation, flowers and bamboo, there is also a garden. After visiting the elderly, I learned that it was the billiards hall of my predecessors, so I decided to buy it, reset the water stone, manage the water pile, build a pavilion and chew loneliness. He used the article "Fisherman" in "Songs of the South" to say that "the water in the surging waves is clear, and I can stand on the tassel; Canglang Pavilion is named after the phrase "the water in Canglang is turbid, so I can feel my feet", which means that you go with the flow, go with the flow, be carefree and be alone.

The political misfortunes in Europe and the Soviet Union brought literary gains. Zuiweng Pavilion and Canglang Pavilion have become brilliant and immortal chapters in the history of literature. The Preface to Drunk Pavilion, with emotion, not only describes the changing scenery in Langya Mountain at four o'clock, but also takes "music" as the literary eye, expressing the author and guests' happy mood of entertaining themselves, singing and laughing, feasting and hitting it off, vividly showing the generosity and chic charm of the European public and people. The whole article * * * uses 21 "yes", which has a unique style, sings three sighs and has endless charm, and has always been called a swan song. Su Shunqin's Canglang Pavilion is a different story: the author "lists a flat boat and a towel, and then forgets to return to it, singing and singing, the wild is old, and the fish and birds are happy." Su Shunqin is good at facing adversity, and his life is calm and comfortable. He felt that it was not a personal misfortune to get rid of his official position by relying on the secluded and bright Canglang Pavilion. He wrote in his remarks: "Looking back at the honor and disgrace field, it is really interesting and despicable that the interests of the Japanese aggressors have come to an abrupt end!" The poet is good at talking. Here he expresses his feelings directly with radical language, which shows his contempt for official life.

From the collected works of Europe and the Soviet Union, we can also know their friendly exchanges at that time. Su Shi recorded the vivid scene of Ouyang Xiu visiting Jianfeng Laoting in Chuzhou with the people. "Pavilion built in the meantime, the porch is open all around. In the name of the rich, this meaning is really agricultural. " He also used the poem "A hundred people hold a cart, and the view of the city is turned upside down" to describe the interesting thing that Ouyang Xiu used three cows to drag two carts to transport Linxi stone through the city, and thousands of people rushed to watch it. Ouyang Xiu also wrote a poem called Canglang Pavilion: "Zimei (Su Shunqin Zimei) sent me a poem about Canglang and invited me to write a poem about Canglang. Bibo has invisible scenery, which makes me look east and relax. ..... Although the laity is not allowed to come, don't cherish the good words. " Between the lines, there are endless concerns and thoughts about friends, revealing the true feelings of close friends.

Now there is a couplet in Canglang Pavilion: "The breeze and bright moon are priceless, and there is love far away from the water and near the mountains." This couplet is a collection of European and Soviet poems, which is poetic and harmonious, and the antithesis is neat, like a person. This combination skillfully keeps the friendship between two historical celebrities in a pavilion forever, which is thought-provoking and memorable. (Excerpted from Suzhou Magazine)

(5) Zuiwengting Minglian Award

It has not become a person, and it has to be worn everywhere;

You can't get drunk and let the mountain forest down.

Life is a hundred years, and how many scenic piano statues have been thrown away;

It's Weng Yongheng. Ask the awakened hero.

Weng has been gone for eight hundred years, and his hometown is still drunk;

Six or seven miles in the mountains, the pavilion is not alone.

Zuiweng Pavilion was built by Ji Xian, a monk of Langya Temple in Northern Song Dynasty, at the foot of Langya Mountain in Chu County. The meaning of drunkenness, Ouyang Xiu claimed. Xiu, whose real name is Yongshu, was born in Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) and was a literary leader in the early Song Dynasty. The so-called "drunk" means "drinking less and getting drunk"; The so-called "Weng", that is, in his poem "Zhi", said that "he is still strong in his forties, and he calls himself a drunkard talking about drama." His preface to the drunken pavilion is still very famous today. "Weng went away for 800 years", and Ouyang Xiu died in Xining for five years (1072), which lasted for about 800 years until the end of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty. "Drunk hometown" originally refers to drunk intermediary, but actually refers to drunk pavilion. "Six or seven miles on the mountain" is the original ten-day record of Zuiweng Pavilion, which means that the shadow of the supreme pavilion brewing springs is not lonely. From a tangible point of view, since the completion of the exhibition hall, there have been many tourists. Many buildings have been added around, such as Eryan Hall, Yinxiang Pavilion and Awakening Garden. Invisibly, he led the ancient prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was good at prose and poetry, which had a great influence on later literature. The word Quanlian 18 not only embeds the word "Zuiweng Pavilion", but also summarizes the time, site, history and present situation of the museum, as well as the activities of the museum owner before his death and the influence on society after his death. "The meaning of drunkenness is still there" and "The pavilion shadow is not lonely" not only describes the scenery, but also is full of nostalgia and feelings for the indelible influence of the ancient philosophers. The words are very clever and refined.

Taoranting in Beijing

Taoranting Park is located in the northwest of Taoranting Bridge on the South Second Ring Road in Beijing. The park covers a total area of 59 hectares, including water surface 17 hectares. The park was built in 1952. It is the earliest modern garden built in Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is located in a scenic spot in Yanjing, known as "Doumen Resort", with a long history and mottled historical sites. The famous Taoranting and Bates Temple are located here. Beautiful garden scenery, rich cultural connotation and glorious revolutionary historical sites make her a tourist attraction.

In the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1695), Jiang Zao, a doctor of the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to supervise the black kiln factory. He built a small pavilion in the west of Bates Abbey, named after the word "Tao Ran" in Bai Juyi's poem "Waiting for Chrysanthemum to Get Familiar, Drunk with You". This small pavilion is very popular with literati, and is known as "the place where Zhou Hou borrows flowers and the right army mows grass", and it is also regarded as a must-see place by literati from all over the country who come to Beijing. During the more than 200 years in the Qing Dynasty, this pavilion enjoyed a long reputation and became one of the best pavilions in the capital.

There are many famous historical sites around Taoranting. There is Longju Temple in the northwest, and there are buildings such as Arrow Plate, Nitian Pavilion, Kanshan Building and Baobing Hall in the temple. Celebrities often rest here, and their popularity is comparable to that of Taoran Pavilion in Daoguang period. There are Black Dragon Pool, Wang Longting, Yina Temple, Cimei Garden and Zuyuan in the southeast. There is Shi Feng Garden in the southwest; There is a kiln platform due north; There are tombs of incense and parrots in the northeast, as well as tombs of drunken Guo and Saijinhua in modern times. Most of these monuments are earlier than Taoranting, and some even earlier than Bates Temple. All have a history of literati chanting, and all have had their own glorious periods.

Modern Taoranting has a glorious historical chapter. Around the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the founders and leaders of China's * * * production party, successively came to Taoranting to carry out revolutionary activities. 1920 65438+ 10 18, got together with members of the "auxiliary society" in Beijing to discuss the struggle to expel Hunan warlord Zhang, and took a group photo in front of the locust tree outside the gate of An Mountain. On August 6th, 1920, progressive groups such as Tianjin Enlightenment Society and Beijing young chinese Society discussed the direction of the revolutionary struggle after the May 4th Movement and the joint struggle of various groups in the North Hall. 192 1 In July and August, Li Dazhao rented two rooms in the south room of an in the name of Chen Yusheng, a member of young chinese Institution, and his wife Jin Qixin was buried in the tomb of Mrs. Shou beside Taoranting, where she conducted secret activities. During 1923, Deng Zhongxia, Yun and Gao often attended the meeting.

There are lush trees, lush flowers, uneven pavilions and pleasant scenery in the park. On the island in the middle of the lake, there are Jinqiudun and Yantou Mountain, which are in full swing with Taoranting. There is Qiu Jin Pavilion on the pier of Qiu Jin, which is the website of Huaxian Temple. There is a "Rose Mountain" at the southern foot of Tingnan Mountain, and its land is the site of the original incense burial, parrot burial and Saijinhua tomb. There are famous high tombs and Shi Pingmei tombs in the pine forest under the pavilion. There is a sightseeing pavilion at the top of Yantou Mountain, opposite to Qiu Jin Pavilion, and a Chengguang Pavilion is built at the foot of the southwest of the pavilion, which is the most suitable place to see the lake and the mountain. North of Tingbei Mountain is Evergreen Pavilion.

The famous China Pavilion, built in 1985, is the "garden in the garden" of Taoranting Park. By concentrating tourism resources, the famous exhibition halls in China are carefully selected and imitated. There are more than ten pavilions, including Zuiweng Pavilion, Lanting, Echi Monument Pavilion, Shaoling Caotang Monument Pavilion, Canglang Pavilion, Duxing Pavilion, Er Quan Pavilion, Chuitai Pavilion, Shenyue Pavilion and Baipo Pavilion. These famous pavilions are all imitated according to the ratio of 1: 1, and pavilions and landscapes are combined to complement each other. Walking in the garden is like crossing mountains and rivers or visiting the splendid hometown of wuyue, which has a deeper historical and cultural connotation.

The Past and Present of Taoranting

Pavilion is an architectural style with national characteristics in China. There are many famous pavilions in Beijing, such as Zhichun Pavilion in the Summer Palace, Wulong Pavilion in Beihai Park, Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan Park and Langfeng Pavilion in Xiangshan Park, which are well known. However, there are not many parks named after pavilions, and the most famous is Taoranting Park in the south of the city.

In fact, the earliest Taoran Pavilion had no pavilions, but three open halls for temporary rest, which were built by Langzhong Jiang Zao of the Ministry of Industry in the west of the ancient temple Bates Temple in the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1695). Because Bai Juyi's poem means "when the chrysanthemum is ripe, get drunk with you", it is named "Taoranting". It is customary to call it Jiangting according to the surname of the pavilion builder. The "pavilion" here uses the original meaning of "roads build houses, so pedestrians stop". "Pavilion", like "stop", is a house for pedestrians to rest, not a "pavilion" for landscape. So there is a saying that there is no pavilion in the river.

Jiangting is located in the outer suburb outside the Forbidden City. It is low-lying, full of lakes, lush reeds, lush vegetation, empty and quiet, full of rural flavor and wild interest in mountain villages. Literati in Qing Dynasty wrote poems and poems, and wandered around the mountains and rivers. In modern history, there are many people with lofty ideals, such as Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen, Qiu Jin, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong. , have visited this place, or worried about the country and the people, generously lamented, or secretly gathered to seek political reform. Before and after the May 4th Movement, revolutionary pioneers such as Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Zhongxia once engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary activities here. The graves of Gao and his girlfriend and writer Shi Pingmei are still among the pines and cypresses on the island in the middle of the lake. Their gravestones, like two swords, point to the sky. In the early years, not far from it, there was a cemetery of Sai Jinhua, a famous prostitute in the late Qing Dynasty, and a tomb of drunken Guo. Guo Mingrui, who was drunk, was dissatisfied with the darkness and corruption of the Qing Dynasty and Beiyang warlords, pretended to be crazy, abused the authorities, and cried all over the city, which had a certain influence in Beijing. In addition, there are parrot burial and incense cremation ... 1924, the writer Yu Pingbo wrote the article "Snow in Taoranting", which recalled in detail what he saw, heard and felt when he visited Taoranting with his friends on a snowy day. They looked around in the fields covered with white hemp fiber, but they didn't see any pavilions. Seeing several dull old houses made them feel pale. It can be seen that the Taoranting at that time was already broken.

After the founding of New China, it was in ruins. While rectifying social order and restoring economic development, the people's government has not forgotten to improve the living environment and people's living standards. 1952 will turn Taoran Pavilion into a park, remove silt and graves, plant flowers and trees on a large scale, and build pavilions and pavilions, so as to make the original dilapidated appearance look brand-new and provide a place for leisure and entertainment for nearby residents. 1954, Premier Zhou Enlai and Mr. Liang Sicheng visited the site and moved Yunhui Building and Yin Qing Pavilion, the former palace buildings of Qianlong Dynasty in Zhongnanhai, to live next to Taoran Pavilion in Bates buddhist nun, facing each other across the water, which became a beautiful scenery.

In 1950s, Beijing Opera School, Beijing Dance School and Chinese Opera School were successively established near Taoranting Park. Boys and girls in these art schools are as beautiful as dragons and tigers and flowers and jade. They often practice in the park, and beautiful melodies and dances reverberate among lakes, mountains and mountains, adding a lot of vitality to the quiet garden. , Chen,,,,, ... The first generation of artists trained in New China will probably never forget the flower season that Tao Ranting walked through. In the sixties and seventies, there was an open-air cinema on the slope near the West Lake. Summer night, bathed in cool breeze, spend a few cents, you can see your favorite movies. Heroic children, young Lu Ban, icing on the cake, Wu Jia storm, early spring and February ... Movies with different themes and styles are so wonderful that people are reluctant to leave this empty place for a long time. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hu Xin Pavilion held water concerts from time to time, and some famous singers and orchestras took turns to perform here. Today, the above-mentioned art schools have already been upgraded to colleges, and the state has also invested in new sites and built beautiful new school buildings. A spectacular cinema has also been built in the place where the open-air movies were originally placed. Because of the sparse audience, it has been changed into an entertainment city. The water concert, like the yellow crane, is gone forever.

In order to highlight the cultural characteristics of pavilions, Taoranting Park was started in 1985, covering an area of 10 hectare in the southwest corner of the park, and a famous pavilion garden in China was built. This garden in the garden, designed by Beijing Institute of Landscape Design and Research, is based on the principle of "seeking truth from facts in famous museums, expressing the spirit of the environment, being elegant in meaning and gathering humanities". More than ten famous pavilions were selected and imitated from all over the country, such as Duxing Pavilion in Miluo, Hunan, Lanting Pavilion and Echi Pavilion in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and Shibei Pavilion in Chengdu, Sichuan. The Moon Immersion Pavilion in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, the Zuiweng Pavilion in Chuzhou, Anhui, the Baipo Pavilion in Meishan, Sichuan, the Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou, Jiangsu, and the Immortal Pavilion designed by the Garden Design Institute to commemorate Li Bai, the "Poet Immortal". , are all exquisite buildings with different shapes, or by cliffs, or by running water, or by Maolin, or by bamboo, or by peaks and rings. Plaques, couplets inscribed by ancient and modern calligraphers, and classic works such as Pipa Xing, Cliff Fu and Zuiweng Pavilion are engraved on both sides of the corresponding pavilions, telling tourists about cultural relics and anecdotes, greatly improving the aesthetic connotation and cultural taste. In addition, there are dozens of famous pavilions of different sizes, such as Ruixiangge, Wang Ruiting, Qiu Jin Pavilion, Nanping Evening Pavilion, Cui Lanting, Tan Tongting, etc. They used to be everywhere, such as blossoming exotic flowers, blooming everywhere, such as pearls, scattered all over the garden. This treasure can be called a museum and grand view garden to display pavilion culture. Strolling through the famous pavilions in China, it suddenly occurred to me that these sages and poets of past dynasties now live next to each other across time and space. When the chrysanthemums are ripe, they get together, sing together, and borrow wine to recite poems, till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon. What a magnificent picture, what a romantic feeling, what a charming realm!

In recent years, with the increase of the elderly population, Taoranting Park has experienced a wave of silver hair. A large number of retired people wander around here, having fun and looking for their own places. You see, chess fans are around the stone table, and the Chu and Han dynasties are fighting fiercely. Opera fans gathered under the Liu Yin, gongs and drums sonorous, silk and bamboo melodious, Peking Opera, Pingju singing; On the island in the middle of the lake, grandparents learned to dance with their young partners, as if they had lost them for decades; By the rose garden, groups of singers sang loudly and relived their lost youth with the melody of "Aobao Meeting" and "Red Berry Blooming"; In the quiet fishing area, fishermen are calm and comfortable, waiting for the fish to take the bait; Young people who love martial arts show their vigorous skills in the square ... Now this city garden has really become a pleasant leisure place for all ages and a happy ocean for ordinary people. Since the 1960s, I have worked and lived beside Taoranting for decades, and I have formed an indissoluble bond with it. After retirement, together with my wife, I will come here for a walk every day to strengthen my body and let go of my mood. I am full of nostalgia and gratitude for this place. I collect historical memories about it and enjoy the happy time it brought me. I am gratified by its development and change, and I deeply wish it a better tomorrow. (Chen Peizhong)

Taoranting Minglianshang

The green trees in front of the window divide the meditation couch;

Wine glasses outside Castle Peak.

Thousands of valleys reflect the moon and trace green;

A rain washed away the bones of Akiyama.

The roof of a Forbidden City holds two phoenixes in the clouds;

The leaves in spring cover a lot of rain.

See the light of day again happily;

Sit down and smell the lily.

Broken acacia goose wine;

Make up some news and swallow money.

Happy home mulberry wine;