1 range
This standard stipulates the planning principles, general requirements, open green space design, closed green space design and greening design of roads and parking lots in residential areas.
This standard is applicable to the planning, design and project acceptance of new and rebuilt residential green space in Beijing.
2 normative reference documents
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard by reference. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.
Technical specification for GBJ 85 irrigation engineering
CJJ 48-92 Code for Park Design (1993-01-0/)
CJJ 75-97 Code for Planning and Design of Urban Road Greening (1998-05-0 1)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3. 1 residential green space
Green space and residential parks within the scope of residential land determined by urban planning. Including residential areas, residential quarters and green spaces in scattered residential land in urban planning.
3.2 Open green space
Guide residents to enter and provide residents with green space for rest. Generally, it includes residential parks, community parks, group green spaces and house green spaces designed according to open green spaces.
3.3 closed (decorative) green space
Mainly used for viewing, not guiding residents to enter, mainly used to improve the local ecological environment of residential areas and beautify the green space of living environment. Generally, it includes the green space between houses and the green space of building foundation.
3.4 Residential Park
In urban planning, according to the scale of residential areas, public green space with certain activities and facilities should be provided.
3.5 Community Garden
Centralized green space with certain activities and facilities for residential areas.
3.6 Group Green Space
Directly close to residential buildings, combined with the green space arranged by residential buildings. It has certain leisure function.
3.7 Green space between houses
Green space between residential buildings in residential land. Usually, enclosed ornamental green space is the main form.
3.8 Building Foundation Green Space
In addition to all kinds of buildings (structures) in residential areas, green space is used for building foundation beautification and protection.
3.9 residential roads
Roads serving traffic in residential areas are used to distinguish and contact various communities in residential areas.
4 residential green space planning principles
4. 1 All kinds of green space for residential land should be matched in the planning of residential areas in accordance with relevant regulations, and the planning and design should be carried out under the guidance of detailed planning of residential areas. The green space determined by residential area planning should be built as permanent green space. Must meet the function of residential green space, reasonable layout, convenient for residents to use.
4.2 Residential land above the scale of residential area should be planned as green space first, and the functions and use properties of different green spaces in residential land should be determined; Divide various functional areas of open green space, determine the entrance and exit positions of open green space, and coordinate relevant municipal facilities, such as residential roads, pipelines, underground facilities and their entrance and exit positions; Factory planning and vertical planning.
4.3 The open green space in residential areas should be set in gardens and group green spaces, and children's playgrounds, elderly activity areas and fitness venues can be arranged. If there is no garden in the residential area planning, or the scale of garden and group green space can not meet the needs of residents, open green space can be set up in the green space between houses with open conditions.
4.4 The green area of the group is generally above 1000 m2, and it should be set in the center of the community, with at most two sides connected to the main road of the community.
4.5 The green space between houses and the green space of building foundation should generally be designed as closed green space. The width of green space between houses should be greater than 20 m.
4.6 Residential green space should be mainly based on plant landscaping. According to the environmental characteristics and site conditions inside and outside the residential area, combined with landscape planning and protection functions. Plant planning must be carried out in accordance with the principle of suitable land and suitable trees, emphasizing the regional and local characteristics of plant distribution. The selection of plant planting shall conform to the following principles:
4.6. 1 Plants with certain ornamental value and protection function adapt to the climate of Beijing and the regional environmental conditions of residential areas.
4.6.2 Focusing on improving the ecological environment of residential areas, marginal tree species, plastic belts and cool-season ornamental lawns should not be widely used.
5 General requirements of green space design in residential areas
5. 1 under the guidance of the overall planning of residential green space, design open green space or closed green space. The contents of green space design include: green space layout form, functional zoning, landscape analysis, vertical design, terrain treatment, layout and positioning of various facilities in green space, planting design, etc. And put forward the improvement scheme of planting soil to deal with the relationship between the above-ground and underground municipal facilities.
5.2 The residential area is dominated by high-rise residential buildings, and the bird's-eye view effect should be considered in the green space design.
5.3 The planting design of green space in residential areas shall meet the following requirements:
5.3. 1 Fully protect and utilize the existing trees in the green space.
5.3.2 According to local conditions, adopt various plant configuration forms, mainly plant communities, and combine trees, shrubs and lawn ground cover plants.
5.3.3 Choose plant varieties with long life, few pests and diseases, no acupuncture, no fruit drop, no flying flocs, no toxicity and no pollen pollution.
5.3.4 Reasonably determine the proportion of fast-growing and slow-growing tree species. The proportion of slow-growing trees is generally not less than 40% of the total number of trees.
5.3.5 Reasonably determine the planting proportion of evergreen plants and deciduous plants. Among them, the ratio of evergreen trees to deciduous trees should be controlled between 1:3 ~ 1:4.
5.3.6 Generally, the planting area ratio of trees and shrubs in green space should be controlled at about 70%, and the planting area ratio of non-undergrowth lawn and ground cover plants should be controlled at about 30%.
5.4 According to the conditions of different green spaces and landscape requirements, under the premise of plant landscaping, appropriate garden sketches can be set up, but luxury and strangeness should not be pursued excessively.
5.5 The soil conditions of planting green space shall comply with the relevant provisions of CJJ 48-92.
5.6 Water-saving irrigation technology, such as sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation system, can also be installed in the irrigation system of residential green space. Sprinkler irrigation design should comply with the provisions of GBJ 85.
5.7 Within the scope of green space, drainage design is generally carried out in the form of surface runoff, and rainwater should not be discharged into municipal rainwater pipes, and rainwater recycling is advocated. Rainwater can be utilized by setting water collection facilities, such as setting underground seepage wells to collect rainwater and seep into the ground.
5.8 The relationship between the planting position of trees and shrubs in the green space and buildings and various above-ground or underground municipal facilities shall meet the following requirements:
5.8. 1 The distance between the planting position of trees and shrubs and various municipal pipelines shall comply with the provisions in Table 1.
Table 1 Minimum horizontal distance between trees and outer edge of underground pipeline unit: m.
The status of newly planted trees, the outer edge of trees, shrubs or hedges
Power cable 1.50 3.50 0.50
Communication cable 1.50 3.50 0.50
Water supply pipe 1.50-2.00
Drain pipe 1.50 3.00-
Blind drainage ditch 1.00-3.00
Fire hydrant 1.20 2.00
Gas pipeline (low and medium pressure) 1.20 3.00 1.00
Heat pipe 2.00 5.00 2.00
Note: The distance between trees and underground pipelines refers to the clear distance between the outer edge of the tree trunk base and the outer edge of the pipeline. The distance between the shrub or hedge and the underground pipeline refers to the clear distance between the outer edge of the outermost branch base and the outer edge of the surface pipeline.
5.8.2 Deciduous trees should be planted 5.0 m away from the window facade of residential buildings to meet the ventilation and lighting requirements of residential buildings.
5.8.3 Pruning-resistant plants should be planted under overhead lines in residential areas. The minimum vertical distance between plants and overhead power line conductors shall conform to the provisions in Table 6. 1.2 in CJJ 75-97.
5.8.4 The minimum horizontal distance between greening trees and shrubs in residential areas and other infrastructure shall comply with the provisions in Table 2.
Table 2 Minimum horizontal distance between trees and shrubs and other infrastructure: m
Name newly planted trees, their outer edges, shrubs or hedges.
Measuring leveling point 2.00-2.00 1.00
The ground pole 2.00 2.0-
Retaining wall 1.00 3.00 0.50
Architecture 5.0 6.5438+0.50
Apartment 2.00 5.00-
Shell (height less than 2m) 1.00 2.00 0.75
Drainage hole 1.00 1.00 0.50
Note: The distance between trees and underground pipelines refers to the clear distance between the outer edge of the tree trunk base and the outer edge of the pipeline. The distance between the shrub or hedge and the underground pipeline refers to the clear distance between the outer edge of the outermost branch base and the outer edge of the surface pipeline.
5.9 The specifications and quality of green seedlings in residential areas shall conform to the provisions of the national or municipal seedling quality standards, and shall meet the following requirements:
5.9. 1 The trunk diameter of deciduous trees shall not be less than 8 cm.
5.9.2 The height of evergreen trees should not be less than 3.0m ..
5.9.3 Shrubs should be at least three years old.
5.9.4 Perennial flowers should be at least biennial.
5. 10 The green space in residential area should be covered with green plants, and the walls of buildings can be vertically afforested.
6 open green space design
6. 1 The main function of open green space is to provide residents with rest space, beautify the environment and improve the local ecological environment. These three problems should be properly handled and solved in the design.
6.2 The overall design, vertical design, garden road and paving site design, planting design, garden architecture and other facilities design of open green space shall be implemented with reference to CJJ 48-92.
6.3 Open green space should be designed according to the characteristics of residential areas, and special attention should be paid to the following issues:
6.3. 1 According to the scale, location, surrounding roads and other conditions of the green space, functional zoning is carried out to meet the different needs of residents, especially setting up corresponding activity venues and supporting facilities for the elderly and children. Children's playgrounds and fitness places should be far away from residential buildings.
6.3.2 The setting of entrances, trails and squares of green space should be combined with the road system around green space and the direction of people flow to ensure the safety of residents. There should be no less than 2 entrances and exits.
6.3.3 Overhead lines should not cross the green space. When crossing is necessary, overhead lines should be avoided in the design of densely populated activity areas.
6.4 Terrain design can be combined with natural terrain for micro-topography, and the area and relative elevation of micro-topography must be controlled according to the principles of surrounding environment, green space scale and earthwork basic balance. Not suitable for building large rockeries.
6.5 When setting up the Shi Jing in the green space, it can be handled by putting stones, lying stones and bouldering according to the terrain, and the amount of putting stones should not be too large.
6.6 According to the characteristics of different residential areas, waterscape facilities with appropriate scale can be arranged centrally. The coverage rate should not exceed 5% of the total area of green space.
6.7 When designing the garden road and paving site, we should pay attention to the following issues:
6.7. 1 The green space can be decorated with walking trails and small paving sites, and the paving area is generally controlled within 20%. Its location must be 8 m ~ 10 m away from the front window of the residential building.
6.7.2 Generally, roads and paving sites in green space adopt permeable and breathable paving, and paving sites for planting trees must adopt permeable and breathable paving materials.
6.7.3 Roads and paving sites in green space should be smooth and wear-resistant, with appropriate roughness and necessary anti-skid treatment.
6.7.4 The design of main roads and entrances and exits in green space shall be barrier-free and meet the requirements of relevant specifications.
6.7.5 The activity venues in the green space advocate the form of paving under the forest. Deciduous trees are mainly planted, and the height of branch points should generally be greater than 2.2m, and the shading area in summer should generally account for more than 45% of the pavement area.
6.8 The design of buildings and other service facilities in the green space and the land use indicators in the green space must be implemented in accordance with the requirements of CJJ 48-92, and shall meet the following requirements:
6.8. 1 Community parks should generally be equipped with children's amusement facilities, paving places for residents of different ages to exercise, rest and walk, as well as social entertainment and public service facilities for residents, such as parks, flower stands and chairs.
6.8.2 Different lighting systems should be set according to needs, and night lighting mainly used for landscape is generally not set.
6.8.3 In the landscape sketch design of green space, the combination of landscape and function should be adopted as far as possible, and the relationship between practicality, beauty and economy should be correctly handled.
6.9 The residential green space is designed as an open green space, which shall meet the following requirements in addition to CJJ 48-92:
6.9. 1 Give priority to greening, and its function should only meet the simple activities and rest of residents, with flexible layout and reasonable facilities. It is not advisable to arrange too much content. Games and fitness facilities are generally not suitable.
6.9.2 The area of the activity rest area set in the green space between houses shall not be less than 2/3 of the sunshine shadow line of the building.
7 closed green space design
7. 1 Closed green space generally includes residential green space and building foundation green space. Its main function is to improve the local ecological environment and beautify the living environment. In principle, it does not have the function of providing residents with rest space.
7.2 The enclosed green space is mainly planted with plants, which plays the role of cooling and humidifying, safety protection and beautifying the environment.
7.3 The road in front of the house should not run through the green space, but should be set near the entrance of the building, so that the green space in the room can be arranged centrally.
7.4 Trees and shrubs planted in room green space should choose trees with strong resistance, obvious ecological benefits and convenient management.
7.5 Building Foundation Green Space Design
7.5. 1 should be arranged according to different orientations and use properties. In general, a protective green belt with a width greater than 2.0m should be set in front of the window facing the shade on the first floor of the building, and shade-tolerant and cold-resistant plants should be planted.
7.5.2 The basic green space beside the gables of residential buildings should be afforested according to the present situation, and the requirements of sun protection in summer and wind protection in winter should be fully considered, and suitable plants should be selected.
7.5.3 Vertical greening should be advocated in places where conditions permit around all residential buildings and public buildings.
7.5.4 Vertical greening should be advocated for all kinds of walls or railings higher than 1.0 m in residential land, and climbing plants with high ornamental value should be planted.
8 Greening design of roads and parking lots in residential areas
8. 1 road greening design in residential area
8. 1. 1 Plant species with strong resistance, stable growth and certain ornamental value should be selected for road greening.
8. 1.2 Generally, at least one street tree, mainly deciduous trees, should be planted on both sides of the road where people walk. The selection of street trees should follow the following principles:
8. 1.2. 1 Deciduous trees with large crown, shade, straight trunk and convenient maintenance and management should be selected.
8. 1.2.2 The planting spacing of street trees should be based on the crown width of the tree species in its prime, and the spacing between plants should be controlled between 5 m and 7 m..
8. 1.2.3 A continuous green belt can also be designed under street trees, and the width of the green belt should be greater than 1.2 m, and the plant configuration should be a combination of trees, shrubs and ground cover plants.
8. 1.3 The main roads in the residential area should have a unified greening form in the same section; The greening forms of different road sections should be changed.
8. 1.4 within the radius of road turning point in residential area 15 m, the line of sight should be transparent. When planting shrubs, the height should be less than 0.6 m, and its branches and leaves should not extend into the paving space.
8. 1.5 The inner diameter of the tree pool left when the pedestrian walkway is fully paved should not be less than1.2m× L.2m. ..
8. 1.6 The location of street trees in residential areas should avoid interfering with the location and height of street lamps and overhead lines on main roads. Technical measures should be taken separately under special circumstances.
8.2 Greening design of parking lot in residential area
8.2. 1 Greening of parking lots in residential areas refers to the greening of parking lots built in residential areas.
8.2.2 Greening of parking lots in residential areas includes isolated protective green spaces around parking lots and green belts between parking lots, and the width should be greater than1.2m.
8.2.3 Except for the parking lot used to calculate the green rate index of residential areas, the parking lot should be fully afforested on the premise of mainly meeting the parking function.
8.2.4 Tall and shady deciduous trees should be selected to form a tree-lined parking lot.
8.2.5 The planting design of the parking lot shall meet the following requirements:
8.2.5. 1 tree spacing shall meet the requirements of parking space, passage, turning and return radius of carriage.
8.2.5.2 shade tree branch height standard;
8.2.5.2.1The parking lot for large and medium-sized cars should be larger than 4.0m ..
8.2.5.2.2 Small car parking lot should be more than 2.5 meters. ..
8.2.5.2.3 The bicycle parking lot should be more than 2.2 m. ..
The width of other planting ponds in 8.2.5.3 parking lot should be greater than 1.2 m, the height of the pond wall should be greater than 20 cm, and protective facilities should be set up.