Friends: I believe everyone is no stranger to Tianmen Mountain. The world aerobatic grand prix 1999 1 1 held in June completed the feat of human flying over natural caves for the first time, and the name of Tianmen Mountain suddenly entered the world's field of vision. How many people want to see the scenery of Tianmen Mountain? Today, you finally got it!
Tianmen Mountain is about 8km away from the south of Zhangjiajie City, with a width of 1.93km from north to south and a length of 1.96km from east to west, with an area of 2.2km2 and an altitude of 1.5 18.6. Different from Wulingyuan sandstone peak forest landscape, it is a well-developed karst landform and a platform-like isolated mountain with four cliffs.
Tianmen Mountain was called Song Liang in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, a door opened on the gable. Sun Xiu, King of Wu, thought it auspicious and renamed it Tianmen Mountain. Wuling County was demolished and Tianmen County was established. Tianmen Mountain is a masterpiece of nature. In the long geological history, it experienced marine deposits, rose to continental deposits, formed mountains, and suffered from wind and rain erosion for hundreds of millions of years, especially the Triassic Yanshan movement. At the end of Cretaceous, the large-scale Himalayan orogeny further raised Tianmen Mountain, which was cut into solitary mountains by two fault canyons, which opened up the great height difference between mountains and valleys, and the height difference reached more than 1300 meters within a few kilometers, thus creating the majestic momentum of Tianmen Mountain solitary peak.
Tianmen Mountain is a mysterious carrier of historical culture and Buddhist culture, and a perfect combination of natural landscape and human landscape.
In order to speed up the process of Zhangjiajie tourism development, Tianmen Mountain is undergoing large-scale development and construction. Some scenic spots have not yet been officially opened; The world's longest cableway and Tianmen Mountain Temple are under construction.
(Tianmen Cave) On the precipice of Tianmen Mountain at an altitude of1264m, a natural portal was born, which runs from north to south. The bottom of the cave 13 1.5 meters, 37 meters wide and 30 meters deep. On the top edge of the north side of the cave, there is an upside-down dragon-headed bamboo with a root like a dragon's head and a leaf like a phoenix tail, so it is also called phoenix tail bamboo. On the east side is a ditch about 200 meters high. Spring water floats through the ditch and drops a little plum blossom rain. It is said that whoever can open his mouth and receive 48 drops of plum blossom rain will become immortal. At the entrance of Tianmen Cave, you can often see Yan Yan flying and Shan Ying hovering. With the change of weather, the Tianmen Cave is sometimes smoky and sometimes clear as a mirror, forming a cyclical and rapidly changing meteorological landscape.
So, how was the Tianmen Cave formed? Geologist Mr. Qin Gongjiong thinks this is the result of "funnel" dissolution. He believes that the terrain on the east side of Tianmen Cave is slightly inclined to the west, and the terrain on the west side is slightly inclined to the east. The core of the syncline is facing Tianmen Cave Road. The east and west walls are cut by two joints with a strike of about 320 degrees, and a joint with a strike of 40 degrees intersects with it at Tianmen Cave. The two karst funnels at the top of the cave also played an important role in the karst process. After rainfall, the surface water flows to the funnel along the slope of the ground, and a part of the water flowing into the soil flows down to the core of the syncline along the interlayer cracks of the stratum. The long-term continuous dissolution process caused local collapse, and finally the two groups of caves merged into one, forming the Tianmen Cave.
But some people don't agree with this: Tianmen Cave is formed according to this principle. Why is the bottom of the cave a huge platform? Can these rocks collapse out of the cave? Therefore, the formation of Tianmen Cave is still an unsolved mystery.
Tianmenshan Temple was founded in the Tang Dynasty. It was called Yunbo Temple, Lingquan Courtyard and Songliangtang in ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, Tianmenshan Temple was moved from the top of the East to this place because of improper site selection, frequent wind disasters and frequent water shortage. There used to be towering old trees here, and the shade covered the sun. The lintel of the ancient temple is engraved with the words "Tianmen Xianshan", and the couplets on both sides of the gate read: "There is day and night outside, but there is no lonely mountain inside", which is said to be written by the Ministry of Li Zicheng. The entrance is the Great Buddha Hall, followed by Kannonji, with six bungalows on both sides, and the last one is the ancestral hall, which is huge in scale. The folk summary is that "three halls and six rooms, brick walls and iron tiles are like pots". The original building of the Mountain Temple is very beautiful, with cornices and horns, carved dragons and painted phoenixes, and statues of Buddha, Taoism and Bodhisattva. There are also drums, clocks, seven-level stone pagodas and Dahua money stoves. According to the inscription, Tianmenshan Temple was repaired seven times from the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty to the five years of the Republic of China 163, and the incense was once very popular. Believers from more than ten counties in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou border areas came here to worship Buddha. Now Tianmenshan Tourism Co., Ltd. is repairing Tianmenshan Temple on a large scale, and the former prosperity will reappear.
(Dragon Head Rock) This is Dragon Head Rock. In the past, a rotatable faucet with stone carving was installed on the rockfall. Dragon Head Rock faces a cliff of 100 feet. It is said that in the past, when many pilgrims prayed to God and worshipped Buddha, they circled around the cliff with taps in their hands to show their sincerity. As long as they are sincere, they will protect your safety. Later, the faucet was thrown off the cliff, and now only the stone pit where the faucet was put can be seen. Dragon Head Rock is the best viewing platform for watching the sun and going out to sea. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Jing, the magistrate of Yuezhou, sang and sang poems in Tianmen Mountain.
The mountains have reached their peak, and Tianmen in Wan Ren is close at hand.
Looking up at Penglai under the red sun, you can see the clouds in the distance.
Cangya abrupt pine ancient, winding path far away.
If you want to build the highest peak, you must fight the wind.
(Jinsong Peak Jinchi) This small pond is about 1.3 meters long, 0.6 meters wide and only a few centimeters deep. No matter what you do, the water in the pool will not dry up all year round. It is said that this is the golden pool of red pine nuts, the rain teacher of the ancient Shennong emperor. Under the cliff in the north, there is a mountain peak called Danzao Peak, surrounded by clouds, like smoke from the stove chamber. It is said that it is a stove used for red pine alchemy. There was a poem by predecessors: "Once upon a time, there was a fairy, where the smoke was dew. The remains are left in the Dan furnace, and it is suspected that they often come and go. " There are thunder holes and electric holes under Danzao Peak. It is said that the alchemy of red pine needs the help of lightning besides the water in the golden pool.
There are many strange things in Tianmen Mountain, including four ancient mysteries that have been passed down from generation to generation and have not been solved so far. First, the mystery of Tianmen cave opening, second, the mystery of Guiguzi development, third, the mystery of turning over water at the top of the mountain, and fourth, the mystery of wild Buddha's hidden treasure. Legend has it that under this big beech tree, it is the place where wild buddhas hide their treasures. There is a passage in the article Tianmen Mountain, a local chronicle of Yongding County, Guangxu in Qing Dynasty: "Wild Buddha will fly to this mountain from Jiashan Temple next season. Wild Buddha is a thief and quit the party. When it happened, he cut his hair and became a monk, and escaped. "
(Ghost Valley Cave) It is said that when Li Zicheng sent Ye Fu up the mountain, he hired nine wooden boats to sneak into Dayong with more than 65,438 +000 horses and a lot of gold and silver treasures, and went to Tianmen Mountain without anyone knowing. Ye Fu's becoming a monk this time is not really "becoming a Buddha on the spot". Instead, every day, I "sit back and wait" and "draw my sword at the altar" to prepare for "returning to the Central Plains" and "sweeping the world" one day. However, the situation took a turn for the worse, the peasant army collapsed, the Qing court was established, and Ye Fu eventually died of illness. It is said that before his death, all the treasures he brought were scattered and hidden in several secret places in Tianmen Mountain. And poisoned all the migrant workers with poisoned wine. For hundreds of years, I don't know how many thieves from Jiang Yang, pilgrims from Tianmen Mountain and mysterious monks all went to Tianmen to worship under the pretext of spying on the terrain and looking for treasures, but they all returned empty-handed. Where is the treasure hidden? This is always a mystery.
Standing on the Baizhang cliff 300 meters away from here, there is an inverted trapezoidal cave with towering trees at the entrance, waterfalls outside the cave and clouds. According to legend, Guiguzi, a famous figure in the Warring States period, studied in the cave and concentrated on practicing kungfu, and founded the world-famous Guiguzi Cave. There is also a secret realm of Wulin hidden inside, the Tianmen 36 survey square, and later generations called this cave Ghost Valley Cave. Guiguzi was the founder of vertical and horizontal techniques in the Warring States Period. His main work, Allies Strategy, is called a fantastic book, which is a study of bringing down the other side through joint or split means in politics and diplomacy. Historians commented that a history of the Warring States chaos was deduced from Guiguzi, which shows that Guiguzi was a man. Luo Fuhai, a poet in A Qing, wrote a poem "Ghost Valley Cave": "Peach blossoms float in the water, laugh in the clouds and swim in the cave. The hermit is buried in the surname, and the vertical and horizontal techniques are immortal. The seal is left on the Taoist wall, and the lead is cremated in the furnace. My ears are full of music, and a waterfall rushes to the peak. " Xixiping and Guanliping at the foot of the mountain, which truly realize the magical power of Ghost Valley, are famous towns of hard qigong. Zhao, a master of Qigong, has visited European countries many times and won honor for his motherland.
From ancient times to the present, I don't know how many brave people broke into the ghost valley cave, but found nothing. From the late 1980s to the 1990s, a veteran named Li Guangyu from Song Chi Village, south of Tianmen Mountain, came to this cave six times. Once, when he was exploring the cave, he occasionally photographed Guiguzi's face with a camera to learn how to learn. This is a profile portrait, with distinct facial features and legibility, which is similar to the widely circulated portrait of Guiguzi. Whether the image of Guiguzi is so lifelike is accidental or coincidental, or it is God's intentional arrangement, which has become a mystery of Tianmen Mountain.
(Hanging Garden) Please note that there are many exposed stone buds and stone forests on both sides of the tour path, which are high and low and have different shapes, as if they are welcoming us in line. This is another remarkable feature of the karst landform in Tianmen Mountain. There are many patches of stone buds and stone forests on the top of the mountain, which are distributed in the middle of the dense forest, forming a unique and primitive hanging garden. They are like a maze, and they are like a complicated and ever-changing eight-array diagram. It's fun for tourists to shuttle through it. According to folklore, anyone who can successfully pass through these mazes can pass through the so-called 48 customs of all beings in Buddhism without hindrance. Friends, you might as well give it a try now. I wish you all a smooth life.
(Li Na's cabin) This seven-shaped cabin is the home of the famous singer Li Na. 1May, 997, Li Qingzang Plateau; It soon disappeared suddenly. The news media can't find her anywhere. It turned out that she had come to Tianmen Mountain. After living for a few days, she was attracted and shocked by this magical Tianmen Mountain. She quickly made two decisions: first, she officially moved her hukou to Yongding County, Zhangjiajie City, where Tianmen Mountain is located; The second is to build a house for yourself at the top of Tianmen Mountain. 1On June 6th, 997, Li Na officially became a citizen of Yongding County. It is said that Li Na is going to build a house in Tianmen Mountain, and the people are very happy. Without saying anything, they carried a piece of wood and a brick from the foot of the mountain to the top of 1500 meters. A month later, the hut was built. In her "nest", Li Na made a third decision that shocked the world: becoming a monk! Soon, Li Na studied Buddhism in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province, and changed her name to Shi Changsheng. Before leaving Tianmen Mountain, Li Na specially sang "Ode to Sister-in-law" for Aunt Hu, the mountain keeper who waited on her for nearly a month. Then she opened her voice and sang "Tianmen Mountain" with a height of three and a half octaves created by her assistant facing the mountains and ravines, so as to bid farewell to her second hometown.
Tianmen Mountain
Come near you, for the eternal oath,
Come near you, for that distant dream,
What makes my heart so calm,
Finally saw Tianmen Mountain. ......
Friends, why did Li Na become a monk and settle in Tianmen Mountain? This cannot be explained clearly in a few words, but it is up to you to decipher the mystery of Li Na's life.
Legend has it that Guiguzi went to Tianmen Mountain for the first time from Ganziping to Lao Dao Bay, from the cliff sling to the top of the mountain, and then down to Guigudong. Under this cliff, there is still a chain.
(Overlooking Tianmen) Standing here, you can overlook Tianmen Cave facing north and Tian Tong Avenue being built by Tianmenshan Company. 1999165438+10 It was here that CCTV 6 filmed the amazing scene of the plane crossing Tianmen. The vertical height from here to Tianmen Cave is more than 200 meters.
(Primitive secondary forest) Tianmen Mountain, like Zhangjiajie, belongs to a national forest park with rich vegetation. About 500 mu of original secondary forest was preserved on the top of the mountain. According to the investigation, there are vascular plants 134 families, 353 genera and 532 species distributed naturally here. 95% of them are broad-leaved forests. Rare tree species under state protection include Davidia involucrata, Fragrant Fruit, Xiang Lian, Acer negundo, Sanguisorba officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Torreya grandis and Maple. In this primitive secondary forest, we will find many rare trees along this path. This is Acer negundo, and the cortex on the trunk surface is blood red. In autumn and winter, the bark on the surface of the old tree cracked in chunks and stuck to the trunk, as thin as shaking scales. This piece is a swan's ear. Gooseberry is a new family of plant species on the earth. It was first discovered in Tianmen Mountain on 1998 by Professor Lin of Central South Forestry College, and was named "Gooseberry Dayong" by the authoritative organization of the National Forestry Department. This is a thousand-year-old tree called the "King of Goose Ears", and it needs two people to hug it. Gooseberry is hard, can be used as farm tools, furniture, glue and oil seeds, and is full of treasures.
Davidia involucrata (Davidia involucrata Bay) is known as the "living fossil" of plants, and it is an extremely precious tree species in the world, especially at the top of the mountain above1500m. However, large-scale Davidia involucrata communities were found in Tianmen Mountain and Badagong Mountain. There are more than 100 Davidia involucrata trees in front of us, so it is also called Davidia involucrata Bay. Davidia involucrata flowers are like pigeons. When they bloom in June, the branches are like pigeons with open wings. There are also some precious medicinal plants in the forest, such as Gastrodia elata, Coptis chinensis, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus and so on. 1984, forest farm workers found a unicorn with only one horn on its head, hemp gray and as big as a calf. Mi-monkeys have also been found in the mountains twice, with a body length of about 10- 13 cm. History: Mi monkey, also known as monkey, is small and can be hidden in the sleeve.
(Lingquan Courtyard is the site of Yunbo 'an Temple) Lingquan Courtyard is backed by Yunmeng Mountain, and the northeast faces southwest. The original building has two rooms and three rooms, with the lee facing the sun and a beautiful environment. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Chu Shi Zhou Pu lived here in seclusion. 1975, under the ancient tree in front of the site, a seven-star bronze sword with a dragon head engraved with the words "the ancestor of Xuan Di in Tianmen Mountain" was dug up, and four bronze bodhisattvas were unearthed, which were identified as cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty and belonged to the national first-class cultural relics. Xuan Di should be Taoism. According to legend, the Tianmen bronze sword was hidden by Li Hengshi, a monk in Tang Suzong, and it is a treasure of Zhenshan. Monk Danzi is said to be the first abbot of Tianmen Mountain Buddhist Temple, which can prove that Tianmen Mountain has a precedent of integrating Buddhism and Taoism, and Puguang Temple in the city is a typical example of the confluence of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism.
Cloud dream is extremely high. There are steep cliffs in the east, west and north, and there are three natural observation platforms on the edge. Looking down from here, the houses, streets, ravines and peaks on both sides of Xianrenxi in Zhangjiajie can be vividly seen. There are three sisters peaks in Chaotian Temple in the northwest, and the mountains of Yongshun, Cili and Yuanling are also clearly visible in the distance. It really feels like "all other mountains look short under the sky." There is also "Lishui is as thin as a log". It will be a great enjoyment to watch the sea of clouds here after the rain in Chu Qing. Rolling clouds, like empty waves, are surging, giving people a heroic spirit of conquering mountains and transcending the world.
The Tomb of Zhou Pu Zhou Pu was born in Cili, Chu Shi at the end of the Five Dynasties. He possessed a vast store of knowledge. In order to avoid the war at that time, he lived in seclusion in the Lingquan Courtyard of Tianmen Mountain, and cultivated himself for recreation. At that time, Ma Yin and Ma Xifan, the king of Chu in the south, were eager for their talents, and invited Zhou Pu out of the mountain many times, but he politely declined, and they did not interact with each other. His tomb is surrounded by a circle of natural circular stone teeth, with three stone arcs in front, which is the tomb after collapse. Zhou Pu's Tomb is an important monument on the mountain. Zhou Pu wrote a poem about Lingquan in Tianmen Mountain. Among them, there is a poem about the Lingquan Courtyard of Tianmen Mountain:
Huating is the most mysterious after ginseng, and it can be taught for generations in one sentence.
Apes embrace their children and return to green, while birds embrace flowers and fall off the cliff.
Although I know the infinity of physics, I'm afraid it will last forever.
Why don't you come to this old nymphs to hug guests from all corners of the country?
Beech is the first choice of modern building decoration materials, which is very precious. This giant beech grows on a stone two meters square, with several huge curved roots protruding from the top of the rock and then inserted into the ground. The shape of the tree root bouldering is spectacular and intriguing, so someone named it "Big beech loves stones". Beech is regarded as a sacred tree in Japan.
This is Tian Yan, about half an acre in Fiona Fang, with a depth of 1-2 zhangs. It is usually waterless, and there are trees and flowers everywhere. It is hard to say which day, a spring suddenly gushed out of Tianchi, overflowed Tianchi, and flew over the cliff from Tianmen Peak, forming a magnificent and peculiar waterfall landscape. The waterfall is first urgent and then slow, and gradually becomes fine sand. The time is usually around 15 minutes, sometimes as long as half an hour. When the waterfall roared like thunder, the earth shook, and citizens in cities 10 miles away scrambled to tell each other about this spectacle.
Geologist Qin Gongjiong has another explanation for the water gushing in Tianmen Mountain. After more than a month's investigation and study in Tianmen Mountain, he thinks that this is a natural phenomenon of karst spring gushing-from the geological characteristics, Tianmen Cave is located in a syncline core, the terrain on both sides of the cave roof is higher than the ground, and there are two karst funnels at the top of the cave, and the trickle keeps pouring out all the year round. When it rains, the surface water flows to the funnel along the slopes on both sides. When it rains, the surface water contains more sediment, which may temporarily block the bottom of the funnel and cause water accumulation, so there is a process of infiltration, siltation and drainage. Once these processes are over, the surface water collected from all directions, including karst funnel and groundwater infiltrated into syncline wing, will gush out from the roof of the cave, so the spectacle of water gushing from the roof of the cave will occur.
However, Mr. Qin's statement is far-fetched, because the flood in Tianmen is basically a drought in June, and the above examples all happened at noon in the scorching sun. Therefore, the mystery of water gushing at the top of Tianmen Mountain has not been solved.
The four ancient mysteries of Tianmen Mountain are waiting for people of insight to decipher!
Friends, the trip to Tianmen Mountain is over. In the near future, tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery of Tianmen Mountain on the highest and longest sightseeing cableway in the world.