A short story about scientific invention 1 As a rare and precious thing, diamonds have been an important symbol of wealth since ancient times.
In nature, diamonds are buried deep underground, and there are few mineral resources. It is this extremely rare diamond that has unique characteristics among all things in the world: it is the hardest mineral in nature. This characteristic of diamond makes it have a wide range of social uses: some people embed it in sparkling rings, earrings and other jewelry to symbolize unswerving love; Someone made it into an extremely sharp Jin Gangzuan for cutting steel, glass and so on.
However, diamonds with such scarce reserves are far from meeting the huge demand of society. People who are eager for diamonds often naively think that it would be great if diamonds could become a large number of objects one day!
1893, the French Academy of Sciences announced an exciting news: French chemist Movasan developed artificial diamonds!
In an instant, this explosive news spread all over France and all over the world. People are sensational, France is sensational, and the world is sensational! Movasan suddenly became the focus of the news media and the producer of huge wealth in people's minds. In France, some people even call him "the richest man in the world".
Before the invention of synthetic diamonds, Movasan was already a famous French chemist. 1886, movado first prepared elemental fluorine. Six years later. He also invented the high-temperature electric furnace. However, Movado was not hindered by flowers and honors, and he continued to advance on the road of science as always.
Once, Movado needed a special instrument inlaid with diamonds for a chemical experiment. This kind of instrument is very expensive, so the assistants in the laboratory cherish it all the more.
In the morning, Movasan came to the laboratory to make preparations before the experiment. At this time, all the musical instruments were ready, but the expensive musical instruments inlaid with diamonds could not be found. Strange, how could it suddenly disappear?
Assistant suddenly exclaimed, "ah? The door seems to have been broken into! Is there a thief patronizing? "
Movasan looked closer and it was obvious that the door lock had been pried open. No one noticed it before entering the laboratory. So the thief took a fancy to this expensive diamond.
The accident gave Movasan an an idea: "Natural diamonds are so scarce and expensive, if only diamonds could be made artificially!"
But it is not easy! As a chemist, Movasan knows best that "turning the stone into gold" is just a beautiful myth. If you want to make diamonds, you must first understand the main components of diamonds and how they are formed.
Movasan read a lot of information and learned that the main component of diamonds is carbon. As for how it came into being, there are few research results in this field. Only Debray once suggested that diamond was formed at high temperature and high pressure.
Then Movasan thought that to make diamonds artificially, there must be raw materials for processing. What material is suitable? No one has ever tried this. It seems that everything has to be explored by yourself.
On one occasion, Charlie friedel, an organic chemist and mineralogist, gave a report on meteorite research at the French Academy of Sciences, and Movasan also participated.
In the report, Charlie friedel said: "Meteorites are actually big iron blocks, which contain a lot of diamond crystals."
Hearing this, Movasan suddenly thought that graphite ore is often mixed with a very small amount of diamond crystals. So, can diamond crystals be produced during the formation of meteorites and graphite minerals?
With this in mind, the idea of making synthetic diamonds came to Movasan's mind. He said to his assistants, "The main component of diamonds is carbon. Meteorites contain a lot of diamonds, and the main component of meteorites is iron. Our experimental plan is: reverse the procedure, melt iron, add carbon, and let the carbon be in a state of high temperature and high pressure to see if diamond can be produced? "
The first experiment of making diamonds artificially in history began. There is no precedent, no experience and no guidance from others. Everything is like exploring in the dark. I failed for the first time, carefully summed up my experience, found out the crux of the problem, and came again for the second time ... After countless repeated explorations, a burst of excited cheers finally broke out in Movasan's laboratory, and everyone hugged each other tightly: success!
Since then, artificial diamonds have been born, and increasingly play its indestructible power in social life.
Short story about scientific invention 2 Now, bicycles are like a flood, spreading all over the world and entering every household. But few people know that bicycles were invented by a German ranger named delaisse (1785- 185 1).
Delaisse used to be a forest ranger. He had to walk from one forest to another every day. Years of hard work on foot aroused his desire to invent a means of transportation. He thought: If people can sit on wheels, they will walk faster! In this way, delaisse began to design and manufacture bicycles. He made a unicycle with two wooden wheels, a seat and a handlebar, which is connected to the front wheel for control. People sit in cars and drive wooden wheels with their feet. In this way, the world's first bicycle came out.
18 17, delaisse rode his bike for the first time and was ridiculed all the way ... He was determined to answer this ridicule with facts. In a race, he rode for 4 hours, but the horse-drawn car took 15 hours. However, no manufacturer is willing to produce and sell this kind of bicycle.
1839, Macmillan, a native of Scotland, invented the pedal and put it on the front wheel of the bicycle, which greatly improved the bicycle technology. In the following decades, various bicycles emerged, such as windsurfing bicycles, water treadmills, ice bicycles and five-wheeled bicycles, and bicycles gradually became popular means of transportation. With the emergence of pneumatic tires and chains, the structure of bicycles is becoming more and more perfect.
Delaisse also invented the meat grinder and typewriter, which can reduce the labor intensity. At present, the trams that railway workers push by manpower on the tracks are also invented by delaisse, so they are called "delaisse".
A short story about scientific invention 3 Since then, Mo Ze has been wandering in front of his family once a month. He is a naval officer and his fleet is sailing. His boat only comes back one day a month. That day, he ran to An Zi's door.
"Son, haven't you washed your clothes yet?" Seeing that he was looking for An Zi again, his comrades reminded him.
"No, that dress smells like I miss An Zi." I don't want to wash. "
"Bless you!" His comrade gave him a bright smile.
A short story about scientific invention 418th century French scientists Proust and Bessel are rivals. They argued about the law of fixed ratio for nine years, each holding his own opinion, and no one would let anyone. The final result ended in Proust's victory, and Proust became the inventor of the scientific law of definite ratio. Proust didn't get carried away by it. He took it for himself according to his genius. He sincerely said to his opponent, Bei Souris, who had strongly opposed him: "If it weren't for your repeated difficulties in quality, it would be difficult for me to study this constant ratio law in depth."
At the same time, he specially announced to the public that Bei Souris was responsible for half of the discovery of Constant Ratio Law. This is tolerance. Allow others to object, regardless of their attitude, but fully look at their strengths and absorb their nutrition. This tolerance is touching.
A short story about scientific invention 5. The first telescope in the world
1608, Hans Liporsay, an unknown optician in middelburg, the Netherlands, built the world's first telescope. How was it invented?
One day, two children were playing some scenes in front of the shop in Libosai. They looked at the weather vane in the distant church through the front and rear lenses. Suddenly, they seemed to find something and were in high spirits. Lippert ran quickly, and he also picked up two lenses, and the weather vane in the distance was magnified a lot.
Liporsay happily ran back to the store and put two lenses on a spool. The world's first telescope was successfully trial-produced. Later Galileo imitated and made a telescope 32 times larger, which directly led to Heliocentrism's great discovery.
The discoverer of lilliput
Levinhawk (1632 ~ 1723) was the inventor of the microscope. The invention of the microscope really started the observation and research of microorganisms.
Levin Hook is just a janitor in Delway, the Netherlands. He used the janitor to grind a lot of lenses. Once, he saw things through two lenses and found that he could magnify tiny things many times. Now, this has aroused his great interest. He used this lens to observe his Tatars and found many grotesque lilliputian residents. He was surprised to write: the residents of Lilliput live in the tartar in a person's mouth.
Little creatures, more than the inhabitants of the whole kingdom of Holland! An old janitor invented the microscope and became the originator of microbiology.
Some people envy him and ask him the secret of success. Levin Hook said nothing, but held out his hands to the questioner, a pair of hands full of calluses and cracks due to long-term polishing of lenses.
Hua tuo's five beasts play
Hua Tuo was a great physician and pharmacologist at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, and made great contributions to enriching the ancient medical treasure house of China.
Hua Tuo is not only proficient in medical skills, but also attaches great importance to the health care function of physical exercise. Once, while studying in the study, Hua Tuo saw a child echoing with a bolt. He immediately thought, if the ancient books say that family members are not stubborn and running water is not rotten, why don't people exercise every day to make their blood flow? Later, referring to the introduction (the method of overall physical exercise), Warren sorted out a set of boxing methods for physical exercise, called Wuqinxi. This kind of exercise is a gymnastics that imitates the movements of five animals, such as tigers, deer, bears, apes and birds, and can stretch the joints, back, waist and limbs of the whole body.
Hua Tuo's disciple, Upp, lived to be in his nineties because he insisted on doing Wu Qin plays for decades. He is still light-footed, alert and sharp-eyed, and his teeth are firm. It can be seen that Wuqinxi is an effective fitness gymnastics.
Enlightenment from overturning spinning wheel
James Hargreaves, the inventor of Jenny's textile machine, is an ordinary worker. He can both weave and be a carpenter. My wife Jenny is a kind and diligent textile expert. She is greedy from morning till night, but she never turns much. Every time Hager Rivaz sees his wife nervous and tired, he always wants to improve this old spinning wheel.
One day, he accidentally knocked over the spinning wheel at home. He saw that the hammer that had been placed horizontally had become vertical and kept turning. The accident inspired him: since the spindle can still rotate when it is upright, can't several yarns be spun at the same time if several upright spindles are used side by side? He set out to make a new eight-spindle loom and named it Jenny. This invention is tens of times more efficient than the old textile machine, and is regarded by Engels as the first invention to fundamentally change the situation of British workers.
Edison and the phonograph
1one morning in the autumn of 877, Edison came to the editorial department of a magazine in new york from a place called Mero. He held a strange little thing carefully. This little thing has a long metal bar on it, with a big wheel at one end and a small handle at the other. Edison turned the handle, then wrapped a small piece of tin foil on the cylinder, put a small needle on it and sang a baby hypnosis song to the cylinder. After the action, the machine turned again, and it sang a hypnotic song word for word. It is not enough to describe the first feeling of the people present at that time, only to say surprise. People were so happy that everyone in the editorial department told each other loudly that Edison had brought a talking monster. In a short time, reporters from various newspapers in the city flocked to see the latest strange machine in the world, and the newspapers were packed for a time.
Once this invention came out, it aroused the rapid and huge fanaticism of the society for several months at that time. The railway specially opened a special car to visit. Many people didn't believe this invention at first, and suspected that he had hidden talking things in it to deceive people. A bishop of a church recited a series of special terms in the Bible at the highest speed on the radio. When these terms are repeated word by word from the machine, they believe that nothing is false. This is the scene when the world's first phonograph came out. While people are admiring, they all call the inventor Edison "the devil". In fact, the nickname "the devil" is far from the invention of the phonograph, but has been with him all his life. Because he has many inventions. Electric light, telephone, film, telegraph, generator, storage battery, typewriter, magnet separator, pressure gauge and so on are all his inventions. According to incomplete statistics, since he invented the first automatic counting machine from 1869 to 19 10, he has obtained 1328 kinds of invention patents, which means that he has an invention every1kloc-0/day during this period. Because of this, it is natural that he is called "evil".
However, where does the real magic of this "devil" figure come from? He himself said, "One point of inspiration, ninety-nine points of sweat". "tenacious perseverance and amazing diligence are his real' magic'."
Thomas Edison, born in 1847, was born in Oahu, USA. He has only been in primary school for three months. The school teacher called him "stupid", so did his relatives and friends. But his mother didn't believe this, so she became his teacher and guided him to read some books. Less than 12 years old, he finished reading many difficult books, and his father also instructed him to study Newton's principles. The education and influence of his family made him develop a diligent spirit and amazing perseverance from an early age.
Edison likes science very much. When he was very young, he stored hundreds of bottles in the cellar at home for various experiments and built a small laboratory. He spent all the money he usually saved by scrimping and saving on buying chemical supplies and instruments. But the money alone could not meet the needs of the experiment, so he went to the train to sell newsboys. He gets on the bus every morning and goes home after 9 pm. After finishing the experiment, he often stays up late at night. Later, he found that there was a smoking room in the luggage compartment of the train, so he moved his experiments in the cellar to this place and insisted on doing chemical experiments. Here, he also learned to use the printer shown here, which can record local news with telegraph numbers and run newspapers. This newspaper is very popular and sells well. At this time he was only 12 years old. One day, the train shook, the luggage slipped down, a phosphorus pole he used for his experiment fell to the ground, and the carriage caught fire at once. The fire was put out by the people who rushed to the scene, but the conductor deafened his ears and caused lifelong disability. The conductor also kicked everything in his "four-wheeled laboratory" and "travel printing room" under the car.
Difficulties and setbacks did not affect Edison's determination to engage in scientific experiments. He built a laboratory at home. Being electrocuted and burning clothes are common in experiments. Once, his face was badly burned by nitric acid. Nevertheless, he never loses heart. Edison's earliest efforts contributed a lot to his later inventions. However, like other great inventors, Edison's road was not smooth. He is a night telegraph operator. Spend a lot of energy in book stands and libraries. However, due to unemployment several times, I finally had to go to new york to reunite with my friends.
Edison took the trouble to come to new york. At this point, there is not even a penny in his pocket. He was so hungry that he had to beg for some tea, which was his first meal after he arrived in new york. It took him a long time to find friends here, but all his friends were unemployed. Edison, who suffered from hunger, was looked down upon because of his poor appearance and rags. Later, he was allowed to spend the night in the battery room. A communicator just released the market price indoors. On the morning of the third day he arrived, the machine broke down. Because he studied hard, he quickly helped others repair the machine and was left behind, so he found a job. Since then, he has worked hard, cooperated with others in reform, and achieved great success. Soon, he opened a small factory to produce this kind of communication machine and gradually embarked on the road of scientific research.
After living in Anzi's home for four months, he knew that An Zi's ideal was to own a farm, because Anzi and her sisters like eggs. This is a very common thing, but Mozaski said excitedly, "What a great dream this is." Mozaski often praises his comrades-in-arms: "A girl who likes eggs must be a special girl." He often lies on the side of the boat and looks at the fantasy in the distance.
Before long, he knew that An Zi liked dreaming. Her biggest dream is to fly to the sky. She told her friends that she would marry whoever took her to fly. After hearing the news, Mo Ze vowed to let his son fly.
From then on, Mo Ze, a naval officer, took an axe and an old hen in his spare time and walked into the forest of St. Petersburg, staring at the sky in a daze. He raised his axe and cut down dozens of trees, finding the hardest and lightest tree for the wing of the plane. He observed the wings of many birds, such as hens, geese, peacocks, petrels, owls and nightingales, trying to figure out what kind of wings can make his "plane" fly. Of course, he doesn't know how to call a plane yet. He just called the plane he built in his heart "A Zi's dream".
After 10 years of exploration, Mo Ze Ski designed and manufactured a monoplane in 1882. The wings are shaped like nightingales flying at night. In Russian poetry, the nightingale is used to sing about love. The color of wings in autumn is golden. This is anzi's favorite color. The plane is equipped with four-wheel landing gear. He wants to fly, and of course he wants to land in his happy nest. He also made a chicken nest on the plane. He means that one day he will buy a big farm for An Zi.
1882 In the spring, Mo Ze Ski flew a plane in the suburb of St. Petersburg. He called his lover An Zi in particular. With the sound of the plane, the plane flew head down into the sky. Although he only flew twenty or thirty meters, Mozaski was still very happy. Mo Ze shouted with An Zi in his arms. He ran over and took An Zi to tell the news to everyone in St. Petersburg.
Mo Ze was very happy. He didn't take photos during the test flight, and he didn't find any witnesses who saw the test flight site to record their testimony. Although his invention predates the Wright brothers by 2 1 year, history does not recognize his invention.
But Mo Ze doesn't care. After the test flight, he and his son bought a farm near St. Petersburg. His farm keeps a lot of chickens. That's an egg for An Zi. His plane is parked on the roof of the farm. This is his dream of flying with An Zi.