Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. 0 is a common number in the world. This figure was not created by Arabs, but it can't erase the credit of Arabs.
Arabic numerals originated from Indians and were gradually created by their ancestors in production practice.
In 3000 BC, the number of residents in the Indus Valley was advanced, and the decimal system was adopted. By the Vedic era (65438 BC+0400 BC-543 BC), Aryans had realized the role of numbers in production activities and daily life, and created some simple and incomplete numbers. In the 3rd century BC, a complete set of numbers appeared in India, but there were different writing styles in different places, among which Brahmanism was the typical one. Its uniqueness lies in that each number has a special symbol from 1 ~ 9, from which modern numbers are born. At that time, "0" had not appeared. It was not until the Gupta era (300-500 years) that there was a "0", which was called "Shunya", expressing a black dot "●" and later evolved into "0". This produces a complete set of figures. This is the great contribution of the ancient Indian people to world culture.
Indian figures first spread to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia and other countries. In the 7th and 8th centuries, with the rise of the Arab Empire across Asia, Africa and Europe, Arabs eagerly absorbed the advanced cultures of ancient Greece, Rome, India and other countries and translated a large number of their scientific works. In 77 1 year, Indian astronomer and traveler Maoka visited Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Dynasty of the Arab Empire (750- 1258), and presented an Indian astronomical work Sidan Tower to the then caliph Mansour (757-775), who translated it into Arabic and named it Sindh. There are many numbers in this book, so it is called "Indian Numbers", which means "from India".
Arabian mathematicians Hua Lazimi (about 780-850) and Haibosh first accepted Indian numerals and used them in astronomical tables. They gave up their 28 letters, revised and perfected them in practice, and introduced them to the west without reservation. At the beginning of the 9th century, Hua Lazimi published "India Counting Algorithm", and expounded Indian numbers and their application methods.
Indian numerals replaced the long and clumsy Roman numerals, which spread in Europe and were opposed by some Christians, but proved to be better than Roman numerals in practice. 1202 The Calculation Book published by Leonardo in Italy marked the beginning of the use of Indian numerals in Europe. Chapter *** 15 of the book says: "The nine numbers in India are' 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1', and any number can be represented by these nine numbers and the symbol' 0' called sifr (zero) by Arabs."
/kloc-In the 4th century, printing in China spread to Europe, which accelerated the popularization and application of Indian numerals in Europe and was gradually adopted by Europeans.
Westerners accepted the Indian numerals sent by Arabs, but forgot their founders and called them Arabic numerals.