Basketball is a ball game in which two teams participate. Each team has five players. The purpose is to throw the ball into the opponent's basket to score, to prevent the opponent from getting the ball or scoring. You can pass, throw, hit, roll or dribble in any direction, but it is limited by the rules. There are various forms of basketball games, and the most popular street three-person basketball game is a three-on-three game, which pays more attention to personal skills. The highest level of basketball in the world today is the National Basketball Association (NBA) of the United States. Basketball was listed as an Olympic performance in 1904, and became an official event of the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. The women's basketball didn't become a competition until 1976 Montreal Olympic Games.

[Edit this paragraph] The origin of basketball

(Note: the following "West" is a Spanish word) james naismith 189 1 12 was invented by Dr. james naismith, a physical education teacher at the YMCA International Training School (later Springfield, Massachusetts). At that time, the basketball rules were only 13. He didn't expect that the basketball project he started was actually circulated in more than 200 countries, and American basketball is still famous all over the world. It was introduced to Europe by the US military during the First World War. To commemorate Dr. naismith's achievement in inventing basketball, the james naismith Memorial Hall of Fame of American Basketball was built in the campus of Springfield College. 189 1 year, naismith taught at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. Luther gulick, the head of the physical education department of this school, commissioned him to design an indoor group game to implement the winter physical education class syllabus. He was inspired by the game that local children like to throw balls into peach baskets (peaches are abundant in the local area, and every family has peach baskets) and created basketball games. At first, naismith nailed two baskets to the railing of the stadium stands, with the upper edge of the basket 3.04 meters (about 10 yards) from the ground, and used football as a game tool to throw at the baskets. Throw the ball into the basket and score 1 point, and decide the outcome according to the score. Every time you throw the ball into the basket, climb the ladder, take it out and start the game again. In the future, the bamboo basket will be gradually changed into an iron basket with a movable bottom, and then a net will be hung under the iron ring. People call this game "naismith Ball" or "Basketball". After a long time, I named it "Basketball" after repeated discussions with my colleagues. Naismith invented basketball at the age of 30, but it was ignored for nearly half a century after its birth, and was not respected until 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. 75-year-old naismith arrived in Berlin with the American basketball team, but the coach of the American basketball team was only responsible for his air ticket from the United States to Berlin, not for his hotel and entrance fee in Berlin. The American Olympic Committee turned a blind eye to this, which made the father of basketball feel very heavy. William jones, the first secretary-general of the International Amateur Basketball Federation, respected and admired him very much. He not only settled his hotel expenses, but also invited him to kick off the first basketball match of the Olympic Games. Before kick-off, Jones introduced the inventor of basketball to all the participating athletes, and naismith was warmly welcomed by everyone. After all the competitions, Jones arranged for naismith to preside over the award ceremony and awarded him a special Olympic medal in recognition of his achievements in inventing basketball. When a little German girl gave him the laurel of the moon, naismith was ecstatic and threw her hat into the sky. Naismith died on 1939. In order to remember this basketball pioneer forever, FIBA decided to name the gold cup of the World Men's Basketball Championship "Naismith Cup" at the first Central Bureau meeting held during the World Men's Basketball Championship 1950/kloc-0. It was not until 1893 that nearly modern rebounds, baskets and nets were formed. In the initial basketball game, there were no strict restrictions on the number of people, the size of the venue and the time of the game. As long as the number of participants is equal. At the beginning of the game, the players of both sides stood outside the two end lines, and the referee blew the whistle and threw the ball into the center of the court. The two sides ran to the court to grab the ball and started the game. The bearer can run to the basket with the ball, and the first person who reaches the predetermined score wins. 1892, naismith formulated 13 rules of the game. The main rules are: don't run with the ball, don't make rough moves, don't hit the ball with a fist, or you will be sentenced to three consecutive fouls and fined 1 minute; The competition time is the first half 15 minutes; The size of the venue is also stipulated. The number of players in the game is gradually reduced to 10, with 9 or 7 players per team. 1893 is set to 5 players per team. 1904 The 3rd Olympic Games, the basketball exhibition match was held for the first time 1. 1908, the United States formulated a unified national basketball rule, which was published in many languages and distributed around the world. In this way, basketball has gradually spread all over America, Europe and Asia, becoming a worldwide sport. 1936 1 1 The Olympic Games listed men's basketball as an official event, which unified the rules of the world basketball competition. Since then, during the period of 1948, the rule has been revised several times. The important change related to the current rules is that after scoring, the jump ball in the middle circle is changed to the end line of the losing team in the backcourt. The attacker must push the ball to the frontcourt within 10 second; After the ball enters the frontcourt, it is not allowed to return to the backcourt; Offenders are not allowed to stay in the "forbidden zone" for 3 seconds; When the shooter was violated, 1 made a free throw, and 2 missed. In the basketball matches of 1952 and 15 and 16 Olympic Games, the International Amateur Basketball Federation twice expanded the "forbidden area" (also known as "three zones") of the basketball court. It is also stipulated that a team must shoot within 30 seconds after controlling the ball. In the early 1960s, the regulations on 10 seconds and the return of the ball to the backcourt were once suspended, because the touchline midpoint was cancelled after the 1960 17 Olympic Games. 1964 After the Olympic Games, the midfield line will be restored and these regulations will continue to be implemented. 1977, it is added that after each team 10 fouls, two penalties are made for defensive fouls, one for shooting prevention 1 foul, and one for missing penalty 1. After 198 1, 10 fouls, the penalty was reduced to 8 times. Obviously, the change of personnel and the development of skills and tactics have caused the change of rules, and the change of rules has promoted the further development and change of personnel, skills and tactics. Especially since the late 1950s, the changes of rules have constantly put forward new and higher requirements for the offensive and defensive speed of basketball matches, athletes' body, skills, tactics, will and style, and promoted the rapid improvement of basketball technical level. The women's basketball was listed as an official event only in197621Olympic Games. Basketball was introduced to China from the Chinese YMCA in Tianjin around 1896, and then to the YMCA in Beijing and Shanghai. 19 10 After the men's basketball exhibition match was held in the National Games, basketball activities were gradually carried out in universities and middle schools in major cities across the country, especially in Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai. The rules of the game were simple at that time. Draw a middle circle with a diameter of about 1 m in the center of the court. The center player must put a hand when jumping the ball. The technology is also simple. After the jump ball in the middle circle, whoever receives the ball dribbles it himself, and shoots if he exceeds the defender. I was just dribbling in a straight line. The passing method is to pass the ball with one hand and put your hands on your chest. Running shot is a one-handed low-handed layup. The vertical racket is a low-handed racket with both hands in front of the stomach, no matter how far or near. 1925 or so, the five offensive and defensive athletes have a clear division of labor, center to center, defender to striker, someone staring at people, staring at their opponents. But the striker's duty is to attack and shoot, regardless of retreat; The defender's duty is only to defend the volley, regardless of shooting. Strikers and defenders rarely run all over the field, only the center should give consideration to both offense and defense. Later, it was gradually changed to 1 assisted two defenders (mobile defenders), and 1 stayed in the backcourt (fixed defenders). The two strikers also became 1 staying in the frontcourt to attack the fast break, 1 retreating to the backcourt to help defend. Technical movements have also developed, such as one-handed running shooting and expert shooting, two-handed standing shooting on the chest, one-handed passing and two-handed touching the ground, two-handed dribbling alternately dodging defense and advancing beyond defense. The restricted area and the free throw line have been added to the rules. A player who commits four fouls will be disqualified, and any player with 1 can be punished by the captain. The competition time is divided into the first half and the second half with an interval of 10 minute. After each shot or free throw, jump the ball to the middle circle and start the game again. But since 1926, the basketball level in China has been greatly improved. 1892, Smith, the inventor of basketball, made a simple rule of 18, and basketball entered the stage of confrontation, and then the organization leader and law enforcement arbitrator-referee came into being. Foreign countries call basketball referees "ball cards", and there are two "ball cards" in each game. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, China called basketball referees "commanders", and there was only one "commander" in every basketball game. After liberation, it was renamed referee, and there were two referees in each game. The current basketball referees in China are divided into five levels: international level, national level, first level, second level and third level. Due to the increasing speed and intensity of basketball games, in order to implement the rules more comprehensively and accurately, some countries have begun to try out three referees per game.

Basic rule 1: 1. There are five people in a team, one of whom is the captain, and there are at most seven substitutes, but the number can be increased according to the organizer. The game is divided into four sections, each section is 10 minutes, and the NBA is 12 minutes (20 minutes for all-star rookie, 2 sections for * * *). There is a 5-minute break between sessions, NBA 130 seconds, halftime 10 minutes, and NBA 15 minutes. At the end of the game, if the scores of the two teams are the same, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If the score is still the same after 5 minutes, a 5-minute overtime will be played again until the tie is broken. 2. The scoring category is scoring after the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; You can get 3 points if you put it on the outside of the 3-point line, and the ball that you step on the 3-point line with your heel or toe is regarded as a 2-point ball. Got a free throw 1 point. 3. How to start the game? Each team pushes a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game. 4. Players can change each player within 20 seconds, and the number of changes is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game. 5. Free throws Each player has four chances to be fouled, and the fifth foul exits (6 times in NBA). And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 10 second after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket. 6. Violations can be roughly divided into (1) ordinary violations, such as walking with the ball, dribbling the ball twice (double belt), kicking the ball (foot ball) or hitting the ball with the fist. (2) Jump ball violation: Before the jumper touches the ball, no one except the jumper is allowed to enter the central area of the jump ball. Basic rule 2: 24-second rule: When the attacker is in possession of the ball on the court, he must make a shot within 24 seconds (24 seconds in NBA, CBA, CUBA, WNBA and 35 seconds in NCAA). 8-second rule: the team must control the ball from the backcourt and make the ball enter the frontcourt (the opposing half) within 8 seconds. Five-second rule: after holding the ball, the player must throw the foul ball within five seconds, and the FIBA rules stipulate that the free throw must also be shot within five seconds. Rule of 3 seconds: divided into offensive 3 seconds and defensive 3 seconds. Attack for 3 seconds: the attacking player shall not stay in the 3-second zone for more than 3 seconds; Defensive for 3 seconds: When the offensive player corresponding to the defensive player is not in the 3-second zone or the edge of the 3-second zone and completely gets rid of the defensive player, the defensive player shall not stay in the restricted area for more than 3 seconds. Personal foul: a foul caused by physical contact with an opponent. Technical foul: A player or coach is convicted of a foul for poor performance, such as an argument with a referee. Disqualification foul: a foul action made by a player that does not reflect the spirit of the athlete, such as hitting someone. When this happens, the player should be sent off immediately. A player fouls 5 times: No matter whether it is a personal foul or a technical foul, a player * * * fouls 5 times (6 times in NBA) and must leave the field. No more games are allowed. Foul: Violation of rules, neither personal nor technical. The main violations are: illegal dribbling, taking the ball away, 3 seconds violation, letting the ball out of bounds, kicking the ball with your feet. Player out of bounds: The ball is out of bounds when the player touches the boundary or the area outside the boundary with the ball or the ball itself. The ball doesn't go out of bounds in the air until it hits the line or out of line. Interference ball: When the shot ball falls to the basket, neither player can touch the ball. Defenders must not touch the ball when it is in the basket. After the ball hits the chessboard, the opponent must not touch the ball until it falls. Players closely watched by defenders: Players closely watched by defenders must pass, dribble or shoot within 5 seconds, otherwise their team will lose possession of the ball (which is not stipulated in NBA rules). Ball back to the backcourt: if the team has moved the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the team players can no longer move the ball across the center line and transport it back to the backcourt.

Introduction to the main location of basketball court

Point guard (PG) (West Base) The point guard has the most chances to get the ball on the court. He wants to bring the ball safely from the backcourt to the frontcourt, and then pass it to other teammates so that others can score. A qualified point guard must be able to pass the ball across the half court without any problem when only one person is defending. Then, he must have good passing ability, and he can pass the ball where it should go most of the time: sometimes it is a gap in shooting, and sometimes it is a better guide. Simply put, he wants to make the ball smooth, and he wants to be able to pass the ball to the place where it is easiest to score. Furthermore, he should organize his own team's attack and make his teammates' attack more smooth. There are other requirements for the point guard. In terms of scoring, the player who controls the ball is often the team's last scorer, which means that unless other teammates don't have a good chance to shoot, he won't shoot easily. Or to put it another way, his scoring ability is very strong. He uses his scoring ability to destroy the opponent's defense and create opportunities for his teammates. In short, there is an unchangeable principle for the point player: if any teammate has a better chance to play on the spot than him, he will definitely give the ball to the teammate with a better chance. Shooting guard (SG) (Cies Coltat) The shooting guard takes scoring as his main task. He is the second leading scorer in the field after the small forward, but he doesn't need to practice singles skills like the small forward because his teammates often help him find a gap and shoot. But because of this, his outside shot and stability are very good. Shooting guards often have to do two things. First, there is a good gap to shoot the outside line, so his outside line must be accurate and stable. Otherwise, if teammates try their best to block a good opportunity but fail to score, it will do a great blow to the morale and confidence of the whole team. The second is to find a small gap to throw an outside line, so he has to be quick. A good shooting guard can't expect such a good gap every time. He should be able to find shooting opportunities in a short time, and his shooting percentage should be at a certain level. This can stall the enemy's defense, and the defensive circle must be opened, which is more conducive to teammates' attack in the restricted area. Small forward (SF) (West Alero) The small forward is the team's most important scorer. The most fundamental requirement for a small forward is to score, and it is a long-distance score. As soon as the small forward receives the ball, his first thought is how to put the ball into the basket. He may rebound, but it is not necessary; He may pass the ball well, but it is not necessary; He may bounce well, but it's still unnecessary; He may defend well, but it's still unnecessary. The basic job of a small forward is to score, score and score again. Small forward is the position with the lowest requirement for shooting percentage. Generally speaking, as long as 45% is qualified, more than 40% is acceptable. Of course, there is a premise that he wants to score goals. If a small forward averages seven or eight points per game and hits only 40%, it is better to let him sit on the bench. On the other hand, why can the shooting percentage of small forwards be lower? Because he is the main scorer in the team, he often has to take the initiative to look for opportunities to shoot, stabilize the morale of the army at some moments, and even boost morale by singling out opponents in more difficult ways, and even give opponents a fright and a head-on blow. So the small forward will have more chances to shoot, or it may be a bad chance, so we can allow him to play lower, as long as he can score. Power forward (PF) (Siala -pivot) The tasks of power forward in the team are almost all hard work. Rebound, defense and blocking are all indispensable to him, but he is often the last to score. So power forward can be regarded as the most inconspicuous role on the basketball court. The first job of power forward is to rebound. Power forward is usually the person who rebounds the most on the team. He is stuck in the penalty area, cooperates with the center and often provokes the rebounding task of the whole team. When attacking, he often helps his teammates to block people, and then tries to squeeze in to grab rebounds and carry out the second wave of attack after his teammates shoot. Generally speaking, power forwards rarely shoot, and their shooting positions are often close to the basket, which requires higher shooting percentage. In terms of five positions on the court, power forward should be the one with the highest hit rate, and a good power forward should reach more than 55%. But because scoring is not his strong point, he can score few points, but he must grab more rebounds. In addition, Hotpot's defensive ability is naturally necessary for power forward, because he wants to consolidate the restricted area, and defense is of course important. In fact, power forward is to do two things well: rebounding and defense. Center (C) (West fulcrum) The center, as its name implies, is the center of a team. He spends most of his time selling labor and figures in the restricted area. He is offensive and defensive, and is the hub of the team, so he is called the center. What will the center do? First of all, since he lives in the restricted area, rebounding is absolutely indispensable. Again, the restricted area is a battleground for all teams. Of course, opponents can't attack it easily, so the ability to block attacks and build hot pot is also indispensable. When attacking, the center often has the opportunity to stand in the penalty area near the free throw line (which is the center of the whole attack field) to catch the ball. At this time, he should also have good ball guiding ability and send the ball to a more suitable corner. The above three items are the basic skills that a center should have. In the team, the center is often responsible for scoring. He is the main inside scorer, corresponding to the inside and outside small forward. Because he wants to play singles, his shooting percentage can be lower, but his hand is often closer to the basket, so his shooting percentage is higher. Generally speaking, 52% can be used as a standard. The requirement of center's hit rate is second only to that of power forward. A good center needs versatility. In attack, the center should have the ability to play singles near the basket, and he should be able to play singles with his back to the basket. Turning shot is the most common one, while jumping and hooking are more difficult to defend. Defensively, to be a good center, you should not only defend the players you should watch, but also help your teammates defend in time. To put it simply, if an enemy player bypasses his teammates' defense and enters the basket, the center should have the courage to make peace, while one person guards and defends his own restricted area. Of course, it doesn't mean that you can't leak it every time, but you always have the ability to "help". If a center can only keep his own people, it is not enough (unless the opponent is a super offensive center). There is a deformation of the center, which is called the outer center. The difference between him and the normal center is that his attack is mainly to shoot outside shots, and less to do singles in the restricted area. Because the center is tall, other short people can't keep it at all, so the outside shooting can pull the opposing center out, so it is also very useful when the striker is strong. When defending, just like the average center, defend the opposing center and rebound as usual.