The damage caused
Hazard 1: Hemiplegia
This kind of harm will cause the patient's half body to be unable to move freely, which will seriously affect the patient's life and cause a particularly great mental blow. The nerve fibers that dominate autonomic movement are called pyramidal tracts.
Hazard 2: subarachnoid hemorrhage
Most of them are caused by congenital cerebral vascular malformation and rupture, and adolescents have more diseases. Generally before the age of 30, patients with rupture often have a history of epilepsy. Congenital intracranial aneurysm rupture mostly occurs after youth, with 4. /kloc-people over 0/8 years old are more common, and there are often no symptoms before rupture. A few patients may have mild headache, nerve damage such as oculomotor nerve, optic nerve and trigeminal nerve, eye movement disorder, visual field loss, neck and back pain, drowsiness and other symptoms due to a small amount of blood extravasation in the brain. Hemorrhage caused by arteriosclerosis is more common in the elderly.
Hazard 3: trigger a series of complications.
Most patients with stroke sequelae have low resistance and are prone to various complications, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bedsore. , threatening the patient's life at any time.
Hazard 4: Partial sensory impairment
This symptom is the key point that stroke patients need to prevent and treat, otherwise it will lead to the loss of perception. Hemiplegia refers to the pain, temperature and proprioception disorder of the patient's half side.
Hazard 5: High incidence rate
Incidence refers to the frequency of new cases per100000 people in a year. The average incidence of stroke in the world is about 200/65438+ 10,000/year, the highest in Japan, with 290 strokes per 65438+ 10,000 people every year. The annual average incidence rate in China is 2 19/65438+ 10,000. It is estimated that more than 2 million people have strokes in China every year. With the increasing aging of China's population, the proportion of the elderly is gradually increasing, and the incidence of stroke will be higher and higher.
Hazard 6: Cerebral embolism
Cerebral embolism can reach its peak in a short time, which is the fastest among all cerebrovascular diseases. A few cases can develop gradually, mostly secondary thrombus at the thrombus site extends to the proximal end, cerebral infarction gradually expands or brain edema. Atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction are more common in the elderly; People caused by rheumatic heart disease generally have different degrees of consciousness disorder when they are young, and the duration is shorter than that of cerebral hemorrhage.
Treatment measures
1, medical exercise is one of the main methods of rehabilitation. Commonly used are modern medical gymnastics and traditional Chinese medicine physiotherapy, such as qigong and massage.
2. Language training Language training for aphasic patients can restore their speaking ability to a certain extent.
3. Psychological rehabilitation studies patients' psychological state and intelligence, and promotes patients' psychological rehabilitation by using psychotherapy.
4. Various physical therapies include electrotherapy, phototherapy, hydrotherapy, wax therapy, electroacupuncture therapy, ultrasonic therapy, acupoint magnetic therapy, and direct current therapy of Chinese and Western medicine.
Recreation and rehabilitation engineering entertainment not only helps to improve physical function, but also stimulates patients' spirit and emotions, thus avoiding loneliness. There are ways to listen to songs, practice musical instruments, sew and draw.
6. Occupational therapy includes basic movements of daily life such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, occupational labor movements and craft labor movement training. The purpose is to make patients gradually adapt to the needs of personal life, family life and social life.
Sports health care model
Exercise can restore the function of patients as soon as possible, and people who have activities can improve the overall quality of life; On the other hand, if the patient is unwilling to exercise, it will often lead to many complications, such as bedsore and weakened cardiopulmonary function. Exercise can at least improve heart and lung function, and muscles can enhance strength and improve blood circulation because of exercise.
The patient will be happier when he gradually recovers his mobility and can slowly resume his daily life. Even if he needs a wheelchair to drink tea in the street, he will feel happy. Because each patient's condition is different and the affected part is different, it is necessary to formulate suitable rehabilitation exercise according to each patient's situation.
But generally speaking, stroke patients often have difficulty in moving their hands and feet, or one side is paralyzed. In this case, it is suggested that simple exercise, such as helping a disabled foot with a normal foot, can improve the blood circulation of lower limbs and help patients turn around and get up.
Some stroke patients will lose their physical activity and cognitive ability. For example, the cognitive function of the brain is impaired, and the patient's understanding ability is limited, but it is still suitable for doing some simple exercises, such as riding a fitness bike. After several attempts, they can keep up.
Cognitive impairment, but good physical activity, should try to help them exercise more. On the contrary, if they are weak, but clear-headed, and they are willing to train, they can recover considerable activity ability through systematic sports training.
With the help of physiotherapists or family members, patients pull the healthy hand to the affected limb (weak hand for short) that has lost or poor mobility, and then use the good hand to help lift the weak hand hard, press it in the direction of the weak hand, and then pull it back to one side of the body. Repeat this action ten times. This action can help the patient turn around, at the same time, it can exercise the arm, exercise the arm muscles and stretch the joints.
With the help of family members, the patient flexes his knees, binds them with cloth belts, belts or luggage belt, and then drives the weak foot to move with the good foot, first pressing it to one side of the weak foot and then pulling it back to the other side. Repeat this action ten times. Patients can also sit in a safe and stable chair and put another table by the wall. The table should be close to the wall. The patient puts his hand on the edge of the table, then leans forward hard and repeats the action ten times.
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