As early as 1932, Jet Li, as an investigator of Beijing Central Geological Survey, participated in the northwest investigation team of Longhai Road and went to Weihe River Basin to investigate the geological, soil and agricultural environmental resources for the construction of the west extension of Longhai Railway and the Tongguan-Lanzhou section. At that time, there was a drought in Guanzhong, cholera was prevalent and new graves were everywhere. The tragic sight of hungry people struggling to die aroused his strong sense of responsibility of worrying about the country and the people. Regardless of his personal safety, he insisted on completing the investigation in the epidemic area. This trip to Qinchuan took his first step in inspecting the rivers and mountains of the motherland. After returning from Guanzhong, 1933, at the invitation of the Civilian Education Association, I went to Dingxian County, Hebei Province for a detailed soil investigation and classification study, and made a map. 1934 went to Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and other nearly 100 counties in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River for soil investigation. During this period, he traveled to and from the north and south of the Yangtze River and walked in Wan Li, collected nearly 1,000 soil samples, analyzed the causes and landforms of the soil in Taihu Lake Basin and Yangtze River Delta, and drew a map of paddy soil distribution of1:100000.
From 65438 to 0935, Jet Li and his colleagues went to Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces together with Thorpe, the chief technician of American soil science in the Geological Survey, to investigate the occurrence and distribution of red soil on both sides of the Yangtze River and in the tributaries of Hunan and Jiangxi. This is the earliest soil survey in this area of China. Based on the study of red soil and paddy soil, many new soil types are put forward. At that time, pedology was in the transition stage from simple mechanism to soil genesis, and his research results attracted the attention of domestic soil scholars.
1936, Jet Li visited Wutai Mountain and Fenhe River Basin in Shanxi. Later, we cooperated with Suopo and went deep into Fujian coastal areas, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places to conduct a detailed and long-term soil survey. They helped to establish a provincial soil investigation institute in Guangxi, trained staff and published three special soil reports. As far as soil classification is concerned. They put forward the classification of red soil, the stage development type of black lime soil, the type of paddy soil and the role of lime powder in alleviating soil pH and hardening. They also found that soil erosion in Guangxi was serious.
During the period of 1939, Xiong Yi and Hou conducted a 1 year soil survey in Guizhou. At that time, the level of agricultural production in Guizhou Province was low, and people's lives were extremely poor. After investigation, they wrote a book "Soils in Central and Southern Guizhou", which discussed the occurrence and classification of soils in this area. And put forward some views on the development of agriculture and forestry in this province. Unfortunately, due to the limitation of the times, the research results failed to bring any economic benefits.
In 1930s, when Jet Li visited Liuzhou, he discovered the existence of black calcareous soil and its various stages of evolution into red soil. 1940, he went deep into Guangxi again, and found various stages of limestone parent materials with different colors evolving into various calcareous soils.
Through long-term field investigation, Jet Li found that several provinces in southern China suffered from serious soil erosion. No matter in coastal lowlands or inland mountainous areas, soil erosion is caused by the destruction of forests and improper land use. The most prominent one is the barren hilly area, where runoff and rivers are silted up due to excessive sediment concentration. This phenomenon exists to varying degrees in several provinces in South China where the precipitation is 1000-2000 mm. He called this phenomenon "Lu Chen".
On the basis of the above investigation, Jet Li put forward his views on the relationship between the formation of red soil and yellow soil and Quaternary geology and hydrology, wrote three books on soils in Guangxi and Guizhou, and put forward three types of soils for the first time, namely authigenic soil, hydrogenic soil and authigenic soil.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he visited Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai. In-depth investigation of rubber suitable forest land in Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula; Go to Chabei to inspect the shelterbelt; Planning military reclamation farms in the northeast and northwest; Until 1985, when he was nearly eighty years old, he also led graduate students to climb the mountain at the south exit of Changping, Beijing, to inspect the soil and landform. 1987 He went west to Xinjiang again; 1988 went south to Dabie mountain ... for more than half a century, he traveled all over the country and sweated on the plateau and the top of the mountain. He visited tens of thousands of soil profiles and traveled over 300,000 kilometers. Long-term practice has enabled him to accumulate rich experience and then sublimate it into theory. But he is not satisfied with his achievements, and still has the ambition of "being young in his later years and dreaming of stepping on Kunlun".
After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the State Council, the Central People's Government, decided to send a group of outstanding scientific and technological personnel from agriculture, geology, medicine, society and language to Tibet for scientific investigation and production development. Jet Li was appointed as the head of the agriculture team of Tibet Task Force.
In the early days of entering Tibet, Jet Li and his team encountered many difficulties. The first is traffic difficulties. There are 18 ridges over 5000 meters from Changdu to Lhasa. Due to the lack of oxygen in the mountains, people are always panting on the rugged mountain roads, as if they were in a fog. Sometimes you have to cross the river with a slippery iron rope. Secondly, the harsh climate. In addition to the normal situation of "one day is hot and cold, ten miles are different", it is often attacked by "sudden change of wind and cloud, rain and snow". They lived in tents, ate raw rice, wild fruits and vegetables, and marched for investigation. They walked from Changdu to Lhasa for 48 days.
After entering Tibet, the working group inspected the unique geographical environment and agricultural production of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, collected many specimens and samples, helped the military station to set up farms and provided them with seeds and technology. In Lhasa, Jet Li and his colleagues also held training courses in agriculture and animal husbandry for troops stationed in Tibet, and established the Bayi Agricultural Reclamation Experimental Station to guide cadres and soldiers in production and scientific research. Veterinarians also organized veterinary classes and serum factories. With the joint efforts of the task force and the troops stationed in Tibet, great achievements have been made in all aspects of work. The rye they tried to plant reached 400 kilograms per mu, and the introduced leguminous forage such as alfalfa was welcomed by herders. Winter wheat and cabbage in the mainland; Chinese cabbage and radish also settled in the plateau, and watermelon appeared on the roof of the world for the first time. With their wisdom and sweat, they awakened Tibet, which had been sleeping for many years, and began agricultural scientific research work.
From 195 1 to 1953, I entered Tibet twice. Later, due to overwork, Fang returned to Beijing via India and Hong Kong.
The trip to Tibet is a precious page in Jet Li's life history. Whenever he recalls this experience, he always thinks that although he experienced difficulties and obstacles, he saw miracles, broadened his horizons, honed his will, lived up to the trust of the party and the government, and made his own efforts to improve the life in people in Xizang, which is worthwhile. Over the years, Jet Li has always adhered to the direction of scientific research serving production. With his specific scientific research activities, he created a new way for soil science and soil geography to serve industry and agriculture, which not only promoted the development of the discipline, but also contributed to the prosperity of the national economy.
195 1 year, in order to speed up the economic development in North China, the Ministry of Light Industry plans to build a beet factory with a daily output of 1000 tons. He was invited to visit Chahar, Suiyuan and Shanxi provinces with chemical engineering expert Chen Yidai for more than three months. They discussed the effects of soil and climate on sugar content in sugar beet. The quantity and quality of other raw materials related to sugar production; As well as production, domestic water, transportation and other issues, conducted extensive investigation and comprehensive analysis, and determined the site.
1956, he led a scientific research team of China Academy of Sciences composed of 150 people to inspect the soil, climate, vegetation, geology, landform, agriculture, animal husbandry and water conservancy in Xinjiang. After investigation, it is proved that there are abundant water sources in Altai area, which can be used to irrigate grassland in northern Xinjiang. Later, due to disagreement with Soviet experts on this issue, the expedition failed to achieve the expected results.
1963, Xiao Nansen, a geological expert from Jet Li and Nanda, visited the back hill of the Yellow River, and learned that although there are millions of acres of fertile fields there, the rice fields are mottled, overgrown with weeds and reeds, and the yield is extremely low because there is no irrigation and drainage system and farmers compete for salt. In view of this situation, Jet Li and others suggested that 700,000 mu of saline-alkali farmland should be set up in the whole river according to its salinization degree. The implementation of this scheme is of great significance, which can not only divert irrigation from the Yellow River, but also drain water. After saline-alkali treatment, crops can be planted according to local conditions, which plays an important role in supporting Baotou Steel's production and workers' lives.
From 65438 to 0964, under the leadership of the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Association for Science and Technology, Jet Li organized nearly 100 teachers and students from scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning in the city to make a comprehensive inspection of the mountainous areas in Beijing. In view of the fact that the water source in the mountainous area of Huairou County is not used for agriculture and the precipitation is lost everywhere, he suggested that water diversion and interception should be carried out, and shallow wells should be dug in the dry river bed to make the wheat field get enough water for irrigation. In areas with serious soil erosion, it is suggested to build horizontal terraces, and it is forbidden to farm on slopes with a slope of more than 25 degrees. He also personally led people to plant dozens of acres of wheat in Liulimiao Township for demonstration. In the second year, the county planted tens of thousands of acres. Even in Labagoumen Township, the northernmost part of the county, there was a wheat field for the first time, thus ending the history that local farmers never planted flour and rice. The investigation team also inspected the resources of walnuts, chestnuts and medicinal materials in mountainous areas, which promoted the all-round development of local agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline.
From 65438 to 0974, Jet Li, who was over 60 years old, together with the teachers and students of Beinong University, carried out comprehensive management of saline-alkali land in Quzhou County. According to the principle of "salt comes with water, and water goes with water", a set of comprehensive treatment engineering technology based on shallow wells and deep ditches is formulated, that is, the combination of wells and drainage networks, agriculture, forestry and water. In just three or four years, the former saline-alkali wasteland has become a rice granary, which has attracted the attention of people at home and abroad.
1976 was invited to study the development and management of Cao Shan in Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, Hunan Province. Located at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi, Da Nan Shan is a desolate mountain forest and grassland, which restricts the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. When Jet Li arrived here, he made a field trip for more than three months, walking 70-80 miles every day to see the grass, soil, rocks and ecological environment there. According to the investigation, Jet Li decided to introduce high-quality pasture on the one hand, and implement "strip reclamation" on the other hand, that is, the top and foot of the mountain remain the original appearance, while the horizontal terraces are reclaimed along the contour line of the mountainside, and trees are planted around the terraces to form a forest belt for soil and water conservation. He also planted more than 50 kinds of high-quality grasses introduced from Australia and New Zealand here for trial planting. After screening, he found five varieties with good quality, good palatability, strong regeneration ability and suitable for local growth, such as alfalfa, lotus root and clover. After several years of hard work, nanshan pasture finally turned over and changed the phenomenon of losing money for 25 years in a row: 1980 After the artificial grassland was put into production, it broke even that year; 198 1 earned 50,000 yuan, 1982 earned 1 10,000 yuan, 1983 earned 200,000 yuan.
The research on the development and utilization of Nanshan grassland has explored valuable experience for the rational development and utilization of mountainous areas in yellow soil areas in southern China. Therefore, in 1982, it won the first prize of technical improvement awarded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries.
1975, it snowed heavily in Nanshan, and it was investigated in Jet Li for more than ten days. Someone asked him why? He replied with a seven-character poem: "What did you ask for in Nanshan? The road collapse was steep and cold. I don't want to cross the snow in Xun Mei, but I want to find nature in the forest. Dare to turn winter wool into fresh milk, so as not to let the grass grow empty. In my later years, I am racing against time, and my white hair is good. "