The basic and/or applied research on the influence of physical exercise and fitness exercise on the morphological structure of human organs, tissues and cells mainly focuses on the morphological basic research of bones, joints, skeletal muscles, heart, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, spinal cord, endocrine and sensory organs. In recent years, the research level of ultrastructure has a developing trend.
The research on the relationship between exercise and osteochondral morphology and its metrology mainly focuses on the fine structure observation of the influence of exercise on osteochondral; In recent years, the morphometric theory and method of tissues and cells have been used to quantitatively study the morphological changes of bones and soft tissues caused by exercise, which tends to the development of morphometric and biochemical markers and gene expression of bone and cartilage ultrastructure.
The morphological basis and applied research of exercise and joint and skeletal muscle morphological structure, function, trauma and repair mainly focus on the basic research of skeletal muscle fiber type, joint and skeletal muscle innervation, fatigue, trauma and repair; The characteristics of joint muscle work and exertion, especially the mechanical characteristics of six joints and spinal muscle groups, and the application of strength training to athletes in different events. In recent years, basic research and applied research tend to develop at two levels.
The biological research of exercise and cardiovascular remodeling mainly focuses on the biological mechanism of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the difference between exercise-induced heart and pathological heart. In recent years, the research level of myocardial interstitial composition change mechanism, cardiac endocrine regulation mechanism, regulation of exercise and vascular remodeling, metabolic characteristics of myocardial smooth muscle living cells, gene expression of myocardial smooth muscle cells and so on has a trend of developing to exercise heart.
The basic research of exercise and the morphological structure and function of internal organs mainly focuses on the study of exercise and the morphological structure and function of liver, pancreas, lung, kidney and testis. In recent years, it tends to the molecular research level of internal organs and the development trend of gastrointestinal morphological structure and function and digestive tract population research.
The basic research on exercise and the morphological structure and function of nervous system organs mainly focuses on the effects of exercise on the microstructure, fatigue, learning and memory of cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellar cortex and spinal cord neurons. In recent years, the research level of ultrastructure and molecular and gene expression has a developing trend.
The research on the morphological selection of children and adolescent athletes and the physical characteristics of excellent athletes mainly focuses on the height, weight, girth, length and proportion of each link of the body, bone age, dermatoglyphics and their genetic characteristics, as well as the physical characteristics and selection indicators of athletes in different events. In recent years, the research level of "genetic anatomy" and DNb polymorphism of elite athletes has a developing trend.
The research on the mechanical movement law of human body structure mainly focuses on the mechanical movement law of moving organs, the elastic structure and mechanical characteristics of heart and blood vessels, the change of body position and the state of internal organs, gastrointestinal peristalsis and hemodynamic characteristics. In recent years, there is a trend to develop the research level of mechanical signals and the mechanism of cell and molecular changes.
The morphological basic research of sports injury mainly focuses on fracture healing, the morphological structure of knee meniscus, the repair and replacement of articular cartilage and tough joints, the morphological structural changes of end-stage diseases, and the relationship between the structure of intervertebral disc and sports injury. In recent years, there is a trend to develop the basic research level of stem cell transplantation and gene introduction in the treatment of sports injuries.
The basic research on enhancing organ function and reversing the morphology and function of diseased organs mainly focuses on the growth and development of important human organs such as exercise and bones, fracture healing and so on; Exercise and flexibility and stability of joints; Exercise and the stretching and elasticity of skeletal muscle, as well as the means and methods to develop strength and flexibility; Basic research on exercise and reversing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis. In recent years, there is a trend to strengthen the functions of stomach, liver, kidney, lung and other organs and reverse diseases, and it is developing at the gene level.
The research on exercise and apoptosis mainly focuses on the morphological characteristics of apoptosis and oxidative stress in bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, myocardium, brain, kidney, liver and other tissues. In recent years, cell signal transduction pathway, gene regulation, disease, apoptosis and movement reversal all have the trend of developing towards apoptosis.