Gravity is essentially inertial force. "Artificial gravity" may be necessary for long-term space flight, but it will not be used for short-term space flight. The cost is too high and the practical significance is not great.
The easiest way is to rotate. When a huge wheel-like structure rotates, there will be a certain "centrifugal force" around the wheel, that is, inertia force similar to gravity. However, this has special requirements for the structure of the spacecraft and may not meet the mission requirements of the spacecraft. Moreover, such a spacecraft is huge, at least at present, it is impossible to achieve.
At present, the relatively simple measures are: for the convenience of work, foot straps, handrails and "all-purpose glue" are installed in the cabin, and artificially dyed into the color of "heaven and earth" for visual distinction.
Wear local pressure suits, fitness equipment, etc. Used for health care. But at present, the effect is limited, and you can't stand normally for a long time after flying for several months. The realization of artificial weightlessness is relatively simple. On the modified plane, when flying parabolically at high speed, it will produce "weightlessness" for about one minute, which can let the pilot experience weightlessness slightly.
Extended data
If humans go to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn's moons or more distant celestial bodies, we obviously need to find more extreme solutions. One of the solutions is to restore the plan abandoned by NASA in the 1970s and build a spacecraft with its own artificial gravity. Early space station designs all envisaged artificial gravity (produced by huge rotating wheels). In the future, such space stations will become more and more common.
In an article published in the Journal of the British Planetary Society in 1949, H.E. Ross conceived a "fuel bank" to carry out the lunar exploration mission. This design consists of three parts, which can be vividly compared to bowls, buns and arms. The "bowl" is a huge mirror designed to collect sunlight and hot water to generate steam power.
Is to build a steam-powered space station. The steamed stuffed bun is more like a bagel, located behind the mirror. The "arm" extends from one side of the "bun" and is connected with the docking port.
With the help of the spinning wheel in space, artificial gravity or "pseudo-gravity effect" described by Ross more accurately will be produced. It is like this: the propeller makes the bowl and the bun rotate along its axis to produce centripetal force, which in turn produces gravity.
Anyone in the hollow wheel will feel an effect similar to gravity, just like a curved shell being dragged outside. In fact, the bottom of the shell pushes them up. How much artificial gravity is produced depends on the size and speed of the rotating wheel. The larger the volume, the faster the speed and the greater the artificial gravity.
Baidu encyclopedia-artificial gravity