So far, no one has made a rigorous textual research on the origin of this form of movement. But the following statement can be used as a reference for the origin of foot fighters.
"Chiyou Opera"
According to the ancient document "Liang Shuyi Ji", "In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chiyou had temples like swords and halberds, and his head had horns. Fight Xuanyuan, reach people from an angle, but people can't. There is music in Jizhou today, called' Chiyou Opera'. The people are in twos and threes, and they are rushing through the corners. "
"Chiyou Opera" is a popular folk competition in ancient northern rural areas of China, which is of significance to commemorate the Chiyou family who competed with the Yellow Emperor in the Central Plains. Chiyou Opera is a wrestling game. "Chiyou Opera" is to imitate the image of Chiyou with horns on his head, that is, the imitator has a headdress with horns on his head, and the main action is to touch people with horns, so it is also called "Corner Opera".
After Qin Shihuang unified China, people were forbidden to own weapons, which flourished as a corner of unarmed combat. Biography of Li Si in Historical Records records Qin Ershi's viewpoint of "making gladiatorial combat superior to the top" in Ganquan Palace, which shows that gladiatorial combat at this time is a comprehensive competitive performance including various skills. In the Han Dynasty, a competitive activity developed from "Chiyou Opera" and performed by two people in public appeared among the people.
It can be found in various historical materials that this kind of "Chiyou Opera" is not only the embryonic form of China opera, but also the embryonic form of China acrobatics and martial arts. In other words, it is almost the origin of various forms of folk sports in China. Therefore, the form of foot fighters evolved from "Chiyou Opera" and spread among the people in the form of children's games. Foot fighter is the abbreviation of "warrior who fights with his feet". In April, 2005, Wu, president of Beijing Dedao Media Co., Ltd., decided to combine media and sports to develop traditional folk sports in China and carry it forward. After studying many traditional folk sports in China, I finally chose a sports form of "supporting each other with one foot and hitting each other with one foot" which is widely circulated among the people in China for in-depth study. At the beginning of the project, in order to make the name of this form of sports easy to spread, Mr. Wu named it "the warrior who fights with his feet" according to the characteristics of sports, or "the foot fighter" for short.
At the same time, in order to make the "foot fighter" easy to spread internationally, Mr. Wu created the English word "JUDOSE" which is more in line with the Chinese pronunciation of the foot fighter. As a new word based on traditional folk sports in China, Foot Fighter has broad and narrow concepts.
(a) Infantry in a broad sense
Foot fighter is a cultural and creative industry.
What is the cultural and creative industry? The pioneer of creative economy is joseph alois schumpete (1883- 1950), a famous German economic history and economic thinker. As early as 19 12, he clearly pointed out that the fundamental driving force of modern economic development is not capital and labor, but innovation, and the key to innovation is the production, dissemination and dissemination of knowledge and information. Nowadays, the concept of cultural creativity has been grandly and forcefully introduced, and the practice of cultural creative industries is surging around the world. The economic and social fate of a country often depends on the creative ability of cultural resources and cultural products.
Cultural and creative industries have different definitions in different countries. In Britain, it is defined as an industry that originates from individual creativity, skills and talents and has the potential to create wealth and employment through the development and application of intellectual property rights. The United States is defined as an industry that employs a large number of art, media and sports practitioners. China's definition can basically be summarized as: works formed by personal talent, creativity and skills, or works formed by economic organizations that integrate personal creativity and skills, and industries that rely on the protection of intellectual property rights by the state and create social and economic wealth and increase employment opportunities through the development and application of intellectual property rights. To sum up, cultural and creative industries refer to emerging industries that focus on creativity and provide products such as culture, art, sports, spirit and entertainment to the public.
The Foot Fighter Project is a deep excavation and re-creation of China traditional culture, and its characteristics in the following aspects are in line with the cultural and creative industries.
1, the foot fighter is creative and creative.
Foot fighter is based on a form of sports, which has a broad folk mass base in China. From a seemingly unremarkable folk game, through excavation, promotion and technological innovation, a brand-new competition system is established and brand operation is implemented, aiming at becoming an international competitive sports event with independent intellectual property rights and a cultural and sports brand with international influence. This is the most important creativity and creativity of foot fighters.
2. Foot fighters pay attention to intellectual property protection.
Intellectual property protection is an important feature of creative industries. Foot fighters originated from traditional folk games in China, and hundreds of millions of people in China have fond memories of participating in this sport as teenagers. In order to protect this national sports event belonging to China people, the founder registered the trademark of Foot Fighter in more than 60 countries and regions around the world at the beginning of its establishment and protected intellectual property rights, which laid a solid foundation for future international promotion.
3. Foot fighters are positioned for global promotion.
In the early days of R&D, the Foot Fighter project was positioned for global promotion. Therefore, the objectives of establishing a competition system, such as rules, judging laws and competition planning, intellectual property protection and brand building, are all carried out in accordance with international standards.
(2) Foot fighter in a narrow sense
Foot fighter is a new sport. Foot fighter is a wrestling and fighting sport. The competition is one-legged take-off, holding the lower leg and the following parts of the unsupported leg, and attacking the opponent with the knees, thighs, calves and waist and buttocks of the unsupported leg, so as to knock the opponent out of the prescribed field, with the unsupported foot on the ground, ankle supported on the ground, or with the legs not crossed, in order to win. Liu Peng, director of the State Sports General Administration and president of the Chinese Olympic Committee.
"Foot fighter is a good group activity that the masses love and enjoy, and it is easy to participate and promote."
Zhang Faqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the Chinese Olympic Committee.
"Foot fighters have been circulated among the people for more than 5,000 years. They are easy to learn, easy to carry out, and have low requirements for venues and other conditions. It is a sport that is very easy to promote, and it comes from life and is deeply loved by young people. "
Executive Director and Secretary-General of Wu National Footfighter Competition Promotion Committee
"Foot fighters carry forward the positive, resolute, hard-working and progressive national spirit, create fair, safe and popular sports events, and provide a stage for young people to realize their sports dreams." Wu is from Jian 'ou, Fujian. Vice President of Nanping Chamber of Commerce, senior media person, management expert and forward-looking outstanding entrepreneur. Founder of Foot Fighter Project, currently Chairman of International Foot Fighter Sports Development Co., Ltd., Executive Director and Secretary-General of National Foot Fighter Competition Promotion Committee, President of Beijing Dedao Media Co., Ltd. and President of Beijing Dedao Sports Development Co., Ltd.
Mr. Wu has been engaged in the lawyer industry for 6 years and the real estate industry for 8 years. He is experienced and studious. /kloc-since 0/992, he has studied and studied in Peking University, Tsinghua University and China Communication University, combining theory with actual combat. Believing in the wealth concept of "small wealth depends on diligence, middle wealth depends on morality, and great wealth depends on morality", we invested in Chenglidao Company and Foot Fighter Project in 2005, determined to carry forward the national movement of Foot Fighter and go global. Beijing Dedao Sports Development Co., Ltd., Beijing Dedao Media Co., Ltd., Beijing Dedao Advertising Co., Ltd. and International Foot Massage Sports Development Co., Ltd. are registered in Hong Kong. Dedao Group consists of a large number of experts and consultants in sports, media and management, managers who have been engaged in sports, media and investment for a long time in the industry, industry elites who are proficient in local sports marketing in China, and senior talents with rich experience in brand promotion. Is a group company that combines sports events with the media and entertainment industry.
Dedao company adheres to the values of "only the nation is the world" and pursues the concept of "doing things with morality". In 2005, he invested in the establishment of a cultural and sports project with independent knowledge industry-Foot Fighter. It has written a brilliant stroke for refreshing the record of sports brands without independent intellectual property rights in China's sports history, and also provided a brand-new opportunity for the strategic growth of corporate brands in China!
Through two years' research, development, promotion and unremitting efforts of Dedao Group, the Foot Fighter Project has received strong support and strategic cooperation from the industry authorities of China government (Social Sports Center of the State Sports General Administration) and the authoritative media (CCTV-5), and won many awards such as "China Media Influential Elite Institution", "China Top 50 with Most Investment Value" and "China Top 50 Creativity". Now, Dedao Group has entered a new stage of leap-forward development. Dedao Media will implement a large-scale strategic expansion of the Foot Fighter industry to prepare for the rapid development of the Foot Fighter project in China. "Warriors who fight with their feet", referred to as "foot fighters"
Foot fighters originated from the folk facial mask dance "Chiyou Opera" in China 5000 years ago.
Foot Fighter is the simplest "Top Ten Classic Games for Children" in China.
Hikers have a broad mass base in the Asia-Pacific region.
Used to be a happy childhood game.
Now it is a fashionable mass movement, paying attention to etiquette, and unique foot fighters touch their knees.
Salute each other with the basic posture of a foot fighter and the way of touching knees (knee touching ceremony), showing the noble character of respect, modesty and mutual learning. universality
Foot fighters have low threshold, simple movement form, one-legged take-off, and the technique of attacking opponents with one knee is easy to learn and practice, and the requirements for venues and equipment are not high. Under normal circumstances, they can exercise with only one knee pad. At the same time, because the form of Foot Fighter is the simplest sports experience for many people in China, it has a very broad mass base in China, and most people in China have been exposed to this sport when they were young, so it has great popularity.
(2) Antagonism
The inherent characteristics of foot fighters determine the form of their confrontation, that is, antagonism. This kind of confrontation is carried out within the scope permitted by the rules on the premise that both sides have mastered the basic movements and basic skills and tactics of foot fighters. Knee joint, thigh, calf and waist and hip are mainly used for confrontation, and the body contact area is large.
(3) Safety
Foot fighter is a safer way to exercise. At the beginning of the project research, in the investigation of hundreds of middle school students in four middle schools in Fujian Province, there were no moderate or above injuries, only minor skin abrasions and impact injuries. The National Footfighter Competition Promotion Committee immediately organized professionals to study protective gear, strengthen the protection of related parts, and reduce the incidence of injuries. The "wing-shaped kneepad" for foot fighters has applied for national patent and put it into use. In the first national foot fighter competition in 2006, the incidence of injury was extremely low, which was very rare in fighting events.
Compared with boxing, Sanda, Taekwondo and other traditional fighting events, foot fighters have better safety. Traditional fighting events aim at directly hitting the opponent's head, neck and upper body, and win by knocking down, knocking down and losing resistance. Traditional sports fighting events do great harm to the body, which is not conducive to the promotion of national fitness. Foot fighters attack their opponents with one leg upright and one knee kneeling, in order to knock them out of the field or lose their balance for the purpose of winning. When one side is attacked, the game will be terminated without causing direct injury, and the injury will stop because the body loses balance and falls or exits. Therefore, the safety factor of foot fighters is high, which can not only bring people the excitement and excitement of fighting sports, but also be the fighting sports with the least physical damage, which is convenient for the promotion of national fitness.
(4) Interest
Foot fighters originated from children's games, so they have a unique sports experience. In the confrontation, you can fully enjoy the game-like happiness and the excitement of competition. Foot fighters carry many people's happy memories when they were young. The athletes are happy, and so are the spectators. In the design of rules, foot fighters pay attention to fun while emphasizing competitiveness. For example, in the individual competition, the rules of guessing first, attack and defense mechanism and scoring mechanism are introduced to make the competition more suspenseful. The rules of team competition are creatively set by compound attack method, and the athletes are divided into ranks, lieutenants and commanders by drawing lessons from China's chess elements. The integration of China culture enriches the competition.
(5) Nationality
Foot fighter is a sport that originated from the traditional culture of China. It is excavated from well-known national and folk sports competitions, sorted out and standardized, and then returned to mass sports, with strong traditional sports characteristics in China. Whether participating or watching, it is easy to awaken the sense of belonging as a descendant of the Chinese nation, which plays an inestimable role in enhancing national self-confidence and increasing national cohesion. Sports have the power to change the world, and only national sports are the world's. The way of foot fighters promoting national sports has made it have a strong international color at the beginning of promotion. With the wide spread of foot fighters around the world, it will certainly enhance the friendly exchanges and friendship and cooperation between our people and people all over the world. Spiritual value
Foot fighter is a kind of direct physical combat, with fighting as the core, physical fitness as the foundation, will exercise as the purpose, excellent quality of practitioners and service to society as the ultimate goal. Foot fighters advocate the spirit of "dare to challenge opponents and dare to challenge themselves". In training and competition, we should overcome the discomfort caused by anaerobic breathing and be brave enough to beat our opponents. Only with perseverance and perseverance can we constantly overcome our weaknesses and reach the realm of surpassing our opponents and ourselves. Therefore, engaging in foot fighter sports can cultivate the will to bear hardships and stand hard work, perseverance and fortitude, integrity and decisiveness.
The Ministry of Education, the State Sports General Administration and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League * * * launched sunshine sports for hundreds of millions of students across the country, and it is timely to launch foot fighters. It is the greatest spiritual value of foot fighters to strengthen national spirit and condense national strength with national sports.
(B) Fitness value
Foot fighter is a sport. Through study and practice, one can develop one's strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and agility. In the research of the topic "The Influence of Foot Fighter on Human Body Shape and Function", the expert group conducted a two-minute one-leg jump and step test for athletes, and measured the heart rate at rest and the immediate heart rate during exercise by using heart rate telemetry technology. Measuring resting blood pressure with mercury sphygmomanometer; Use an electronic spirometer to measure vital capacity. According to the heart rate test conducted by the coach on athletes during training or competition, the heart rate is mostly kept in the range of 170- 180 beats/min, which is equivalent to 70%-85% VO2max, which belongs to the second high-intensity exercise and is a safe exercise intensity range for teenagers.
It is found that foot fighters can effectively enhance the explosive power and strength endurance of human leg muscles and enhance the flexibility of hip, knee and ankle joints. Can improve the endurance and dynamic balance of cardiopulmonary function; It can promote people's nerve excitement and enhance nerve conduction impulse. Therefore, the exercise value of foot fighters is higher. Main participants: people aged 8-35.
Core participation group: 18-30 years old teenagers.
Main audience: radiation crowd around the participants.
Influence audience: sports fans of all ages 1. Foot fighter competition is divided into individual competition and team competition.
Individual competition rules
[Game number setting] Game * * *, a total of three games, each game 1 minute, intermission 1 minute. There is no offensive or defensive side in the game.
[Winning and losing judgment] The game is judged by the score. Either side wins the whole game by scoring or exceeding 15 or 2 1 point first. After the end of the third game, neither side scored 15 or 2 1 point, and the one with the highest score in the third game won. If the score is the same, the party with fewer violations wins; If the number of violations is equal, the lighter side wins; If it is still the same, the two sides will draw lots to decide the outcome.
[Violation of conditions]
1. Attack an opponent with the heel and sole of an unsupported foot.
2. Take the initiative to attack and defend with the head and neck.
3. Attack each other with hands, shoulders, elbows, arms, torso and other parts.
4. Put your hands on the knee joint without supporting legs for attack and defense.
5. three-second violation (minus 3 seconds, no action for 3 seconds after the referee gestures, etc. ).
6. uncivilized behavior.
7. Attack before the referee makes the start gesture.
[Fault conditions and scores]
1, supporting the ankle joint above the ground, failing, 3 points for the opponent.
2. Attacking the opponent's head and committing a serious foul, the opponent will get 3 points.
3. The supporting foot is out of bounds (outside the four warning lines of the main battlefield). If it fails, the opponent will score 3 points.
4. Exchange the supporting feet in a single game, and the opponent will score 3 points.
5. If both hands fail to hold the unsupported calf and below, the opponent will get 1 point.
6. When the unsupported leg holds the foot with one hand on the same side, the arm is outside the knee joint and the legs are not crossed. If you let go, your opponent will get 65,438+0 points.
7. If the athlete is negative and fails in the competition, the opponent will get 1 point.
8. In a game, either side fouls for three times. From the fourth time, for each violation 1 time, the other side will get 1 point. If the total number of violations of any party reaches 8 times first, the game will end and the player will be fined for failure; If the player who fails to violate the rules falls behind in scoring, it will be recorded as the actual score; if the player who violates the rules leads in scoring, he will be fined 0:2 1 (penalty of 15 points in three games is 0: 15).
[Punishment under special circumstances]
1. In case of serious fouls (including technical fouls and behavioral fouls), the opponent will get 3 points (for example, if an athlete intentionally fouls the opponent when he misses the point, it is a technical foul, and the opponent will not only get the corresponding points, but also record a foul of the loser).
2. Either side commits two serious fouls, that is, the game is over, and the fouler will be punished for failure. If the violator scores backward, it shall be recorded according to the actual score; If the foul side leads the score, it will be fined 0:2 1 (penalty of 15 points in three games is 0: 15).
3. Any time there is a particularly serious foul (such as attacking the referee or provoking the referee), you can directly cancel the qualification (failure). If the violator scores backward, it shall be recorded according to the actual score; If the foul side leads the score, it will be fined 0:2 1 (penalty of 15 points in three games is 0: 15).
4. After being knocked down by the opponent's legal attack in the game, the game cannot be resumed within 10 second, or the referee judges that it is difficult for the knocked-down person to continue the game, then the opponent's KO wins.
5. At the end of the third game, when the score on the field is 0:0, first look at the number of violations, and the one with fewer violations wins. If the number of violations is the same, depending on the weight, the one with smaller weight wins, and the score is 1:0.
[others]
1. Athletes can rest for 5 minutes in case of continuous competition. According to the progress of the game, the referee has the right to adjust the order of the game.
In the competition, athletes should obey the referee. If you have any objection, you can report it to the referee. The referee's decision is final. If the judge refuses to accept the decision of the presiding judge, he may appeal to the Arbitration Commission. No matter what causes the game to be interrupted for more than 5 minutes (calculated after mediation), it will be treated as a strike and the competition will be disqualified.
[Site] The site is changed to 6m× 6m.
Rules of team competition
First, the competition method:
In a team competition of foot fighters, five players (car, horse, cannon, elephant and general) from both sides took turns to play. In the one-on-one confrontation, the winner will be judged by two games of 265,438+0, and one side will beat all five players of the other side.
Second, the weight regulation:
Men's competition: the total weight of five players does not exceed 385 kg (77 kg per capita);
Women's competition: The total weight of five players does not exceed 365,438+00 kg (62 kg per capita).
Third, the time limit:
1, two games for each one-on-one match, each game is 90 seconds, and the intermission is 60 seconds.
2. Before 15, the coaches of both sides must determine the team names (cars, horses, guns, elephants and generals). After the list is confirmed and submitted to the archives, it shall not be changed. Failing to confirm or refusing to confirm, the fine shall be confiscated.
3. Except for the player "Jiang", the appearance time of the other four players (car, horse, cannon and elephant) can be determined by the coaches of both sides (placard) 10 second before the start of each one-on-one match.
4. When the referee signals to enter the field, you should enter the field in time. Unreasonable delay 10 second will be treated as waiver.
5. One team competition is the most 18.
Fourth, score punishment:
1. One side commits a serious foul and the other side scores 3 points.
2. If one party fails, the other party will get 3 points.
3. If one side loses, the other side will get 1 points.
4. If one party is negative, the other party will get 1 point. Team competition venue
5. One-on-one match has been violated for 3 times. From the 4th time, the opponent will get 1 point for every violation of 1 time.
Five, the replacement of players
1. In every one-on-one match, the losing side must return to the team seat quickly. Before the start of a new one-on-one match, the winner must first determine the players who will play, and the loser must be determined after the winner is determined (10 seconds).
2. Players from both sides must enter the main battlefield and play a new round of one-on-one match under the signal of linesman.
The winner can choose to continue the competition or be replaced. The game is over when the losing side has no players to replace.
Both players should play at their own starting point, and then attack after the referee signals.
5. Neither party can change players before the time of each game or when the one-on-one game is not decided.
6. Players who failed in the competition are not allowed to participate in this competition.
Sixth, the outcome judgment:
In a one-on-one match, when the time comes for two games and neither side gets 2 1 point, the one with the highest score wins; If both sides score the same, the one with fewer fouls and technical fouls wins; If the foul is the same as the technical foul, the side with less foul wins; If the number of violations is the same again, the lighter one wins; If the weight is the same again, the winner will be determined by drawing lots. Basic posture of foot fighter: usually also called actual combat posture or fighting potential, it is the action posture adopted by foot fighter before competition and fighting. Its quality directly affects the effectiveness of attack and defense, so beginners must master the standard basic posture in order to lay a solid foundation for further learning the basic skills of foot fighters. The basic postures of foot fighters are generally divided into "right attack and defense posture" and "left attack and defense posture". Practitioners can choose their posture according to their habits, hobbies and actual combat needs.
Action essentials: 1. Stand at attention. Bend the right leg forward and cross the left support leg. Hold the lower leg and lower part of the right leg with your left hand, hold the lower part of the knee joint with your right hand, and hold the upper part of the knee joint with your right hand or put it on the side. The upper body is upright, including the chest, abdomen and buttocks, and the jaw is slightly retracted, looking forward. The left attack and defense posture is opposite. The basic posture of a foot fighter is to look at a bent leg. When the right leg is bent, it is a "right attack and defense posture" and when the left leg is bent, it is a "left attack and defense posture".
Footwork:
1, step forward
Action essentials: Start from the basic posture (take the right offensive and defensive posture as an example), push the left forefoot backward, lean forward the upper body, transition from the forefoot to the heel when landing, and look forward.
Step 2 step back
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, push the left forefoot forward and lean back. When landing, you will transition from your front foot to your heel and look forward.
Step 3 step aside
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, push the left forefoot to both sides and tilt the upper body to both sides. When landing, you will transition from your front foot to your heel and look forward.
Step four, turn around
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, take the forefoot (heel) of the left foot as the axis, rotate the body from the forefoot and heel, and look forward.
5, braking steps
Action essentials: the left foot suddenly stops moving, the left knee bends and buffers, and the upper body shakes to control the balance.
Step 6 stand up
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, the left forefoot is pushed backwards, the upper body leans forward, and the whole body is suspended. When landing, you will transition from your front foot to your heel and look forward.
Step 7 step back
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, the left forefoot is pushed backward, the upper and lower back are tilted, and the whole body is suspended. When landing, you will transition from your front foot to your heel and look forward.
8. Take a step
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, push the left forefoot to the ground, and the whole body will rotate in the air. At the same time, when landing, the basic posture will be from the front foot to the heel and look forward.
(2) Technology:
1, answer the phone
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, the support legs are bent and pushed to the ground, the upper body is miniature, and the waist is upright. Hands cooperate with the attack leg to pick from bottom to top, and the force point is on the knee side.
Step 2 press
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, the legs are supported on the ground, the upper body is upright, and the hands are pressed against the attacking legs from top to bottom, and the force point is below the knees.
Step 3: Knee pads
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, the support leg is pushed to the ground, the upper body is upright, and the hands are tied with the attack leg and pulled down from top to bottom, with the force point on the inside of the knee.
refute
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, support the legs to bend, sit on the hips and push the ground, and lean forward. When exerting force, the upper body is unfolded, the buttocks are stiff, and the force point is outside the knee.
Step 5 swing your knees
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, with the forefoot of the supporting leg as the axis, the upper body drives the attacking leg to swing left and right and lean forward, and the force points are on the left and right sides of the knee.
6. Spring thrust
Action essentials: Starting from the basic posture, push the forefoot of the support leg to the ground, while the other hand pushes outward with the attack leg, and the force point is on the calf. Preparation: The referee stands in the referee's position on the main battlefield, hands are raised horizontally, palms are pointed up at the athletes of both sides, and a "preparation" password is issued.
Athletes enter the stadium: the referee establishes a positive posture, with his arms raised horizontally, his fingers together, his palms up, his forearms folded inward at a 90-degree angle with his big arms, and his palms facing each other. At the same time, the password is issued-"Admission".
Salute from both sides: After the athletes of both sides step into the field and stand in the designated position, the referee will press the forearms down on his chest at the same time. At this time, his hand changed from palm to fist, fist down, fist facing each other, and at the same time issued a password-"salute."
Landing: Raise your arms sideways, point your palms down at the site respectively, and issue a "landing" password.
Instruct the offensive and defensive sides: In the offensive and defensive competition, the referee informs the players of both sides by gestures. Gesture: Put the palm of your hand on your chest with the same hand of the defender, with your thumb inward. In order to challenge the same hand to make a fist and hit the opponent's palm from outside to inside, the fist eye is facing down, and at the same time, the password is issued: "* Party challenges * Party"
Preparation: After the players from both sides enter the area, the referee will retreat half a step with his right leg, his front leg slightly flexed, his rear leg straight, his left arm naturally drooping, his right arm straight, his palm raised from bottom to top, making a 90-degree angle with his torso, and at the same time issue a password-"Preparation".
Start: When the players of both sides are ready, the referee will turn his palm 90 degrees counterclockwise to be perpendicular to the ground, press his right arm down, and at the same time issue a password-"Start".
Pause: Pause (stopwatch): The referee slightly bends his right (left) leg forward for half a step, straightens his left (right) leg, hangs down his left (right) arm, straightens his right (left) arm, puts his fingers together, palms facing the left (right) sides of two players, and issues a password at the same time-"Stop".
Off-foot: facing the warned party, the two arms are naturally vertical, the forearms are crossed on the chest, and the palms of the hands are tilted 45 degrees to the center line of the body. After the front cross state, the two forearms quickly open downward, making an angle of 60 degrees with the body centerline, the forearms are parallel to the ground, and the palms are downward (at the same time: off-foot).
Violation attack (violation): pause first, and establish a positive posture for the offender. The left arm is straight, the fingers are together, the palm is down, and the right arm is bent, the fist is placed on the chest, and the center of the fist is down. Password issued at the same time: illegal attack.
Out of bounds: stand on one side of the sideline, stand on tiptoe parallel to the sideline, straighten your arms, put your fingers together, wave your arms back and forth on the sideline once, and issue a password at the same time: Out of bounds.
Uncivilized behavior: face the offender, keep your left arm straight, put your fingers together, palm down, and point at the offender at a 60-degree angle with your torso. Fold and lift your right arm, put your index finger in front of your mouth, straighten your arms inside and outside, and stand your fingers up. Issue a password at the same time: uncivilized behavior.
Foul on both sides: fists clenched with both hands and forearms crossed on the chest. At the same time, the password was issued: both sides fouled.
Five-second violation: pose for the fouler, straighten his left arm, put his fingers together, palm down, point to the fouler at a 60-degree angle with his torso, hold his right arm in front of him at a 90-degree angle, and open his fingers to face the fouler. Password issued at the same time: five seconds violation.
Every warning 1 time: face the players, bend your arms and lift them 90 degrees to your side. One index finger stands up and the other four fingers bend. Password issued at the same time: 65438+ 0 times for each warning.
Serious foul: the referee warns the foul player with gestures and words. Gesture: pause first, establish a positive posture for the foul player, with the left arm straight, fingers together, palms down, pointing at the foul side at a 60-degree angle with the trunk, raising your right arm, making a fist with your heart facing the foul player, and issuing a password-"Red Foul" (such as "Red Foul").
Invalid: put your arms straight in front of your body, cross them twice, and palm down. Password published at the same time: invalid
Lost: The referee informs the losing player by gesture and language. Gesture: Bend the forearm on the same side of the loser's hand straight, palm up, and issue a password at the same time-"* Party failure" (for example, "Red failure").
Announce the result of the competition: At the end of the competition, the referee will straighten his arms and point his palms down to the athletes' standing area, indicating that both players will enter the athletes' standing area (facing the podium). The referee walked among the athletes, facing the rostrum, held high the arms of the winning athletes, and at the same time issued a password-"* Fang Sheng" (such as "Red Fang Sheng"). The team competition should be changed to "winning team"
Quit: Cross your arms at your sides, stretch your arms to your sides, push your palms out, and give a "quit" password.