● The main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

A nest made of birds in nature.

The main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games-"Bird's Nest"

Venue name: National Stadium (Bird's Nest) (see:/? 143)

Construction site: Olympic Park

Building area (ten thousand square meters): 25.8. Number of seats: 80,000 permanent seats and 1 1000 temporary seats.

Games-time functions: track and field, football

Post-game functions: international and domestic sports competitions and cultural and recreational activities.

Commencement time: 2003. 12.24

Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Opening and Closing Ceremonies

The main venue of the 29th Olympic Games is located in Beijing Olympic Park, on the east side of the northern end of Beijing's central axis. The building area is 258,000 square meters and the land area is 204,000 square meters. During the 2008 Olympic Games, it will host the opening and closing ceremonies, track and field competitions, men's football finals and other events, which can accommodate 654.38+million spectators, including 20,000 temporary seats. After the Olympic Games, it can accommodate 80,000 spectators, and can host particularly important sports competitions, various regular events and non-competition events. It will become a large-scale professional place in Beijing to provide citizens with extensive participation in sports activities and enjoy sports and entertainment, and become a national landmark sports and entertainment building.

The design scheme of the National Stadium is the "Bird's Nest" scheme, which was produced by global design bidding, and was designed by Swiss Herzog & De Mellon design firm, Arup Engineering Consulting Company and China Architectural Design and Research Institute design consortium. The main body of the design scheme consists of a series of radial portal steel trusses rotating around the bowl-shaped seating area. The spatial structure is scientific and concise, the building and structure are complete and unified, the design is novel and the structure is unique, which is a unique building at home and abroad. Its owner is the National Stadium Co., Ltd. jointly funded by Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. and CITIC Group Consortium. National Stadium Co., Ltd. is responsible for the investment, financing, design, construction, operation and management of the project. The National Stadium started construction on February 24th, 2003, with a capacity of 65,438+,and was put into trial operation in 2006.

The Bird's Nest is the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The giant stadium designed by Herzog, De Mellon, Plic Prize winner in 200 1 year and architect Li Xinggang from China is like a "bird's nest" that breeds life, and more like a cradle, which breeds human hope for the future. The designer did not do any unnecessary treatment to the National Stadium, but frankly exposed the structure, thus naturally forming the appearance of the building.

Design concept of "Bird's Nest"

The National Stadium is located on the gentle slope in the central area of the Olympic Park. The design of the stadium is like a container. The undulating appearance of the highland relieves the sense of volume of the building and gives it a dramatic and shocking appearance. The image of the national stadium is perfect and pure, and the appearance is the structure of the building. The facade and structure have reached a perfect unity. The components of the structure support each other to form a reticulated frame, just like a bird's nest woven with branches. The space effect of the stadium is original, simple and elegant. It set up a unique historical landmark building for the 2008 Olympic Games. The stadium is like a huge container. No matter from a distance or from a close distance, it will leave a unique and indelible impression. It completely meets the functional and technical requirements of the national stadium, which is different from the long-span structure and digital screen design methods of general stadium buildings. The space effect of the stadium is original, simple and elegant. From here, people can browse the whole area, including the stairs leading to the stands. Gymnasium is an indoor urban space with restaurants and shops, just like a commercial street corridor or square, attracting people to linger.

Basic situation of "Bird's Nest"

The stadium shell adopts air cushion film, which can be used as filler to make the roof completely waterproof, and the sunlight can penetrate through the transparent roof to meet the growth needs of indoor lawns. During the competition, the stands can be varied to meet the requirements of different audiences in different periods. During the Olympic Games, there were 20,000 temporary seats on the top of the stadium, and everyone could see the whole stadium clearly. Through the reasonable division and design of streamline area, the problems of entrance, exit and people flow are perfectly solved.

The external structure of "Bird's Nest"

The external structure of "Bird's Nest" is mainly composed of huge portal steel frame, with 24 truss columns, 20 truss columns and 2 lower columns have been hoisted. The top of the National Stadium is saddle-shaped, with a major axis of 332.3 meters and a minor axis of 296.4 meters. The height of the highest point is 68.5 meters and the height of the lowest point is 42.8 meters. ..

"Bird's Nest"-Lightning protection does not hurt people.

The "Bird's Nest" has a bare appearance and no protruding lightning rod. What if it thunders?

In fact, there is no need to worry at all, because the overall steel frame of "Bird's Nest" is an ideal "cage lightning protection network". The metal components on the "Bird's Nest" and the steel bars in the reinforced concrete are all connected by welding, so that the "Bird's Nest" itself forms a huge lightning protection network, which can quickly lead lightning into the ground.

But does the "Bird's Nest" use its own steel frame to receive and conduct lightning, which will endanger the safety of the audience inside?

Don't worry, experts have considered that all the places that people in the venue can reach have been specially treated, and lightning will never harm human beings.

More subtly, the "Bird's Nest" slightly raised the outdoor terrain of the whole stadium, and placed many ancillary facilities under the terrain, which not only avoided the huge investment consumed by underground excavation, but also landed slowly at the edge of the outdoor square, and built 2,000 open-air seats in the warm-up venue according to the situation, which was organically integrated with the surrounding environment and saved investment again.

The roof of the "Bird's Nest"

Sliding openable roof is an important part of stadium structure. After closing, the stadium will become an indoor arena. Just like the lid of a container, whether the roof is closed or open, it is a basic part of a building. Except for some specific structural needs, the structure of the openable roof is basically a net structure, which becomes a waterproof shell after adding inflatable cushions.

The Symbolic Meaning of "Bird's Nest"

Many people who have seen the design model of the "Bird's Nest" describe it as a warm bird's nest made of a stadium with a capacity of 65,438+10,000 people and a branch-like steel net! The "nest" used to nurture and take care of life places human hopes for the future.

The components of the whole stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like frame, which looks like a bird's nest woven with branches. Its gray mineral-like steel mesh is covered with transparent film material, which includes a reddish bowl-shaped stadium stand. Here, the hollow-out technology, ceramic lines, the red brilliance and enthusiasm in China traditional culture are perfectly integrated with the most advanced modern steel structure design.

The whole building is connected by a huge net structure, and there are no columns inside. The grandstand is a complete bowl shape, without any shelter, like a huge container, which brings incredible drama and unparalleled shock to the stadium. This even and continuous ring will also give the audience the best view, stimulate their excitement and inspire athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people are truly given a central position.

9 1000 spectators watch the game equally.

There are no pillars in the 340-meter-long and 300-meter-wide "Bird's Nest", but a series of bowl-shaped seats surrounded by radial portal steel trusses. These seats are surrounded by the folding structure of the stadium, and the upper and lower floors are staggered. No matter where the spectators sit, the line-of-sight distance from the center of the stadium is about140m.

Three layers of "special devices", including the sound-absorbing film material used in the lower membrane of the "Bird's Nest", the sound-absorbing material set on the steel structure members and the electroacoustic amplification system used in the stadium, make the speech intelligibility index in the "Bird's Nest" reach 0.6-this figure ensures that the audience sitting in any position can clearly hear the broadcast.

The designer of "Bird's Nest" also used fluid mechanics design to simulate the natural ventilation of 965,438+0,000 people watching the game at the same time, so that all the spectators could enjoy the same natural light and natural ventilation.

In the auditorium of the Bird's Nest, there are more than 200 wheelchair seats for the disabled. These wheelchair seats are slightly higher than ordinary seats, ensuring the same vision for the disabled and the general audience. During the Games, hearing AIDS and wireless broadcasting systems will be provided in the venue to provide personalized services for people with hearing and visual impairment.