18 sticks, crutches, meteor hammers and other weapons. "Eighteen Martial Arts" first appeared in Hua Yue's Cuiwei Northern Expedition in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Hua Yue was the champion of martial arts. This book was compiled in the first year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1208): the book calls itself a "minister", which shows that the statement of "eighteen martial arts" is actually earlier. Unfortunately, most of the military books of the Song Dynasty were destroyed by military bottles, and few have been circulated so far. Up to now, the original origin and connotation of "Eighteen Martial Arts" have been impossible to verify. Xie described the specific contents of "eighteen kinds of martial arts" in Five Miscellanies: "one bow, two crossbows, three guns, four knives, five swords, six spears, seven shields, eight axes, nine cymbals, ten halberds, eleven whips, twelve slips, thirteen elders, fourteen rafts and fifteen forks. The first seventeen names are weapons, and the eighteenth name "White Fight" is "unarmed boxing". Eighteen things written in the Water Margin are: spear, hammer, bow, crossbow, spear, whip, mace, sword, chain, axe, graupel, ge, halberd, card, stick, gun and pick. It is also said that the eighteen kinds of martial arts refer to nine long and nine short: nine long are guns, halberds, sticks, cymbals, forks, clansmen, hooks, shackles and rings; Nine short things are knives, swords, crutches, axes, whips, mallets, hammers and pestles. Eighteen kinds of martial arts refer to all kinds of common weapons in martial arts, which were first seen in Zhang Xie's "No.1 Scholar" in Song Dynasty, and later generations have many interpretations. First, Uncle Qi Jin of Ming Dynasty compiled "Selected Songs of Yuan Dynasty Wang Huan Baihua Pavilion": "If you talk about eighteen kinds of martial arts, bow and spear, spear and halberd, whip chain boring hammer. "Secondly, at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian wrote the second episode of Water Margin:" The eighteen martial arts, spear, hammer, bow, spear, whip, sword chain, axe shovel, card stick and gun pick. "Third, thanks to Five Miscellaneous Articles in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty:" Eighteen styles: one bow, two spears, three guns, four knives, five swords, six spears, seven shields, eight axes, nine cymbals, ten halberds, eleven whips, twelve maces, thirteen strokes, fourteen cangue, fourteen cangue. "In later generations, there appeared the theories of" nine long and nine short ","six short and twelve long "and" big eighteen "and" small eighteen ". Combined with the contents of "Eighteen Martial Arts" in past dynasties, the repetition is deleted, and * * * includes the following types: projectile weapons are: bow, crossbow, arrow, arrow and spear. The long weapons are: ge, spear, gun, stick, paddle, staff, staff, stick, axe, graupel, halberd and broadsword. Short weapons are: sword, sword, whip, mace (simple), hook, sickle, hammer, crutch and ring (ring) soft weapons are: chain, meteor and cotton rope. Belongs to unarmed martial arts, collectively known as "white fighting." These orders referred to in the "Eighteen Martial Arts" of past dynasties failed to cover all weapons. For example, flying knives, cuff arrows, three-pointed double-edged knives, forks, daggers, mandarin ducks, yin-yang tips, top-ranked pens, iron ruler, rope darts and three-section sticks are not included. As for the "special weapons" created by many swordsmen, it is even more difficult to collect all the bows: horse arrows, sleeve arrows, step arrows and two crossbows: crossbows, Zhuge crossbows, fighting crossbows and slang crossbows. Three guns: pike, fork gun, musket, snake gun, watch gun, javelin, line gun, magic gun, halberd gun, hook sickle gun, carbine gun and flying gun. Four knives: machete (long knife), horse chopping knife, waist knife, shoulder pole knife, giant knife, hook knife, eyebrow knife, dagger, knife and three-pointed knife. Flying knife and five swords. Six spears. Seven shields. Eight axes. Nine graupels. Ten halberds. 1 1 whip. Twelve hammers. Thirteen pieces (Laos): bone flower, hammer, cone, vertebra, chain hammer (meteor hammer), garlic hammer, bone flower hammer, lying hammer and heavy hammer. Fourteen sticks: double-headed stick, hook stick, spike stick, sap stick, foot stick and eyebrow piercing stick. Fifteen forks. Sixteen palladium: pawn palladium, claw, rescue palladium, shovel, crescent shovel, fork. Seventeen cotton rope lasso. Eighteen for nothing. Eighteen weapons-sword
Edit this paragraph classification
In ancient China, there was a saying of "eighteen kinds of martial arts", which actually refers to eighteen kinds of weapons. As for which eighteen kinds are there, there have always been different opinions. Generally refers to bows, crossbows, guns, sticks, knives, swords, spears, shields, axes, cymbals, halberds, dragoons, whips, mallets, forks, palladium and daggers. Some of these eighteen weapons have been eliminated, such as Shu and Ge. Some have evolved, such as the shotgun. In ancient times, it was a big axe, but now it has become a small weapon with a blade and a hook. Each hand can take one, such as the meridian shotgun. In fact, there are far more than 18 kinds of weapons in China Wushu. If all kinds of special weapons and hidden weapons are added, the total will exceed 100. Here, only some common long and short weapons are introduced, and there are more hidden weapons, so that readers can understand an important aspect of China Wushu.
short weapon
The so-called short weapon refers to a weapon that is generally not longer than the eyebrows of ordinary people and has a relatively light weight, and is often held by one hand. The most common short weapons are knives and swords. There are two kinds of knife methods: single knife and double knife, both of which are mainly chopping. Single-pole requires bravery and quickness, and there are many movements in Baotou. Double knives are more ornamental, and good hands dance snow and roll without seeing people. In the early years of Qing Qianlong, Zhang Xingde, a native of Suzhou, Anhui Province, was called "Double Knife Zhang". At that time, there were many wolves in the mountains, so Zhang Xingde took a knife and killed nine wolves in three days, which is a much-told story. During the Tongzhi period, there was a young woman named Sanliu, who was also famous for her double knives, but later led the people to surrender to the Qing army. The sword is double-edged, mainly with the main stab, and its style is light and natural. Fencing is also divided into single sword and double sword, with single sword as the most. Du Xianying, a young woman from Kaifeng, Henan Province, was good at fencing during Xianfeng and Tongzhi years in Qing Dynasty. She used to take a boat on the Yangtze River to do business, and thieves robbed her at night. Du Xianying killed three thieves with his sword, and the thieves fled. Earlier, there was a famous poet named Zhou Ji (178 1-1839) in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, who was superb in martial arts and killed many bandits. There are two thieves who hate each other and want to get rid of them quickly. Zhou Ji passed by Shandong because of something going north. Two thieves followed him, ready to start at the hotel, but alms didn't notice. That night, the two thieves rushed into Zhou's room, raised their knives and cut them. Zhou Ji rushed to fight without weapons. In a crisis, a young girl flew in with a sword like a rainbow, and soon, she stabbed two thieves to death. When Zhou Ji saw that the female martial arts was far better than her own, she asked her name, only to know that she was the daughter of the innkeeper, and her name was Red Moth. It turned out that she had recognized the two robbers long ago, so she secretly took precautions and rescued people urgently. Some swords have spikes (also known as "sword robes") on their hilts, which are called "Wen Jian". A sword without spikes is called "Wu Jian". It is more difficult for the elderly to practice fencing. Some people string iron beads on the spikes of swords, which can hurt people by dancing with the spikes of swords. Wudang Sword, Dharma Sword, Taiji Sword, Qingping Sword and Dragon Sword are all famous swordsmanship routines. The axe is also a short weapon today. Axes used in ancient battles were mostly long-handled, commonly known as "axe", belonging to long weapons. Nowadays, few people in Wulin practice them. Another kind of axe, commonly known as "hatchet with short handle", was used by Li Kui jy in Water Margin. A son of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, was good at this skill in the Qing Dynasty, and once used a double axe to deter thieves. Up to now, it's still the same routine. There are two kinds of whips: soft and hard. The hard whip is made of steel, with 13 knots, commonly known as "bamboo joint Strafe", and its sharp end is mainly used for chopping and also for picking holes. The soft whip, commonly known as the "nine-section whip", consists of nine thin steel bars or thin copper bars, the length of which is slightly lower than the height, and its movements are mainly winding and swinging. Nine-section whip is easy to carry and is still very popular at present. Practitioners often tie silk pieces at both ends of the whip, which will make a whirring sound when waving to increase the appreciation. Mace is a long steel weapon, mostly with four edges, no blade and no tip at the end, about 0.8 meters long, and it is also a crushing weapon. There are also two wheat plugs, each about 0.6-0.7 meters long. Hook is a multi-edged musical instrument, with a blade, a hook-shaped end, a crescent-shaped armguard and a pointed blade. Double hook is common in Wushu, and it is difficult to practice. According to legend, Dou Erdun, a native of xian county, Hebei Province, was famous for his double hooks in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The crutch is a wooden weapon, including short crutches and long crutches. The short crutch is about 0.7 meters long and the long crutch is about 1.3 meters long. The crutch is characterized in that a D-shaped horizontal handle is arranged near the end of the crutch. Turn can be used to smash, also can be used to pull the lock, get the opponent's weapon. A cane is similar to a crutch, but its horizontal handle is placed at the end of the stick, which is also "D"-shaped. The staff is about1.2m long and can be used with one hand or both hands. Its techniques include hooking, hanging, collapsing, pointing, poking, poking, splitting, sweeping and hitting. Shaolin Wushu has a "staff" all the way. Whiplash is a short wooden stick, about 1.3 meters long and slightly thinner at the top. It is said that it originated from Whiplash. The flagpole is short and leafless, which is easy to carry and use and popular in northwest China. In ancient times, there was a short weapon called "iron ruler", which was about 0.6 meters long, slender and flat, with no point and no blade. Mainly being smashed and poked. It is still popular in Qing dynasty, but it is extremely rare at present.
Long pole weapon
The most common long weapons in Wulin are guns, sticks and knives. In Wulin, guns are known as "the king of all things". As the saying goes, "a gun sticks to a line" requires a straight line, that is, "a flat gun is the king of guns, and one of them is the most difficult to prevent." Marksmanship is mainly based on blocking, taking and stabbing, and there are many methods such as splitting, collapsing, picking, poking, taking, pulling, winding and standing. Wang, a famous soldier in the late Tang Dynasty, was known as "Wang Tie Bar". Yue Fei and Yang Zaixing, the famous soldiers in the Song Dynasty, were both famous gunmen. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Yang Siniang, a native of Weizhou (now Laizhou City), Shandong Province, traveled north and south with marksmanship, claiming that "the pear flower gun was invincible in the world for twenty years", but Qi Jiguang once pointed out the defects of Yangjia pear flower gun. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Emei was once the best among sharpshooters. During the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, Tao Mou, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, was good at guns, and was called "Tao Jia Gun". Unexpectedly, he was defeated by Wuxi defender Jiang, and Tao bowed down and asked for advice. Jiang danced with a gun, "flashing white light", flying around like a wheel with a diameter of tens of feet. Jiang asked Tao to pour water on him, but the water didn't pour in, and it bounced like rain, making Tao wet all over, but there was no water on Jiang. The stick is a long weapon with the longest history. It was first called "Gui" (ancient Gui had edges and no edges). There are many kinds of sticks, including cold weapon long sticks, eyebrow piercing sticks, three-section sticks and pointed sticks. In terms of texture, there are wooden sticks, iron sticks and copper sticks, of which wooden sticks are the most common. Most of the early wooden sticks were made of jujube, which was solid and heavy. Later, people used gray poles to make it tough and light. The stick method is mainly strong and fast, with many sweeping and dancing actions and large hitting space, so it is called "large-area stick strike". Shaolin stick and Kunwu stick are both famous stick techniques. Three-section sticks are three short sticks connected by iron rings, which can be retracted and arranged in a variety of ways. A sharp stick is a short stick, and an iron ring is connected to the end of the stick, which can get miraculous effects when dealing with the enemy. Three-section cudgel and sharp cudgel are difficult to practice, and it is easy to hurt yourself if you are not careful. The broadsword is a long handle attached to the back of the knife, also known as "Spring and Autumn Broadsword", "Crescent Knife" and "Long Knife". The Tang Dynasty broadsword is 3 meters long and weighs 7.5 kilograms, with blades on both sides, which is called "Mo Dao". At that time, the army specially set up the Amodo team. Nowadays, the broadswords used in Wulin are all edged. Another kind of ju, with shorter handle and longer blade, is also used by both hands. Ju routine is still circulating. There are several other long weapons. Halberd is a popular weapon before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, including single halberd with long handle and double halberd with known handle. Double halberd with short handle belongs to short weapon. There are two kinds of halberds: one with two crescent moons at the end is called "Fang Tianji"; Only one side has a crescent moon, which is called "Qinglong Ji". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lu Bu was good at making halberds, and Cao Cao was good at making short halberds. There are still practitioners in Wulin at present. Fork is a common weapon, which was mostly used by Orion in ancient times. The end is divided into two strands, named "Horn Fork"; Those with three strands at the end are called "three-headed forks" or "triangular forks", commonly known as "tiger forks". The fork method is mainly based on marksmanship and focuses on balancing the situation. You can also lock each other's weapons. Since later, many practitioners have put many iron rings on the fork, which will make a rattling sound when practicing. Some people can roll the fork up and down all over the body, commonly known as "rolling fork", which is quite ornamental. Cold weapon shovel is a rare weapon, which was first used as a weeding tool in rural areas. The front and back of the shovel rod are equipped with weapon blades, and the front end is a crescent shovel, which is concave and crescent outward; The tail is an axe-shaped shovel handle with a cutting edge at the end. According to legend, shovel was originally a Buddhist weapon, also known as "convenient shovel" or "crescent shovel". During the drill, his posture is light and unique, with pushing, pressing, patting, supporting, rolling, shoveling, cutting and picking. The moves are named after the Buddha. Palladium is also a weapon evolved from agricultural tools, with nine-tooth iron palladium at the end, and its teeth are as sharp as nails. Palladium is about 2.4 meters long and weighs 2.5 kilograms. Can be used to fight, can also be used for defense. It was once a sharp weapon in the army during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period of Ming Dynasty. China is a rare weapon. It is shaped like a fork, with a sharp point at the center of the end, which is called a front, and it is about 0.5 meters long. Behind the front, a crescent moon crosses outward, and a row of sharp blades are embedded in the crescent moon. The handle is 2.5 meters long and the end is equipped with a prismatic iron drill, which is called "Zunzun". Spears can be used for framing. Because this weapon is too big and heavy, it can only be used by those who are tall and strong.
Hidden weapon
The so-called "hidden weapons" refers to a weapon that is convenient for carrying out surprise attacks in the dark. Hidden weapons was mostly made by people in the Wulin. They are small, light and easy to carry. Most of them have sharp blades. They can throw more than ten meters or even dozens of meters away, with high speed and strong concealment, which is equivalent to a substantial extension of conventional weapons and great power. On the battlefield with thousands of troops, it is difficult for hidden weapons to play a role, so ancient warriors seldom practice hidden weapons. Wulin pays attention to one-on-one combat, and the two sides are evenly matched, so hidden weapons will come in handy. Hidden weapons is a martial art in China, which reached its peak in Qing Dynasty and was widely used in Wulin. It was not until the prevalence of firearms in the late Qing Dynasty that hidden weapons was gradually left out in the cold, but there were still people practicing this skill in the Wulin. The so-called concealed weapons refer to those weapons delivered secretly when the enemy is unprepared, which are characterized by short, flexible and good concealment. Hidden weapons originated from primitive society. Many weapons used by primitive people to hunt wild animals in prehistoric times were the ancestors of hidden weapons. For example, the boomerang used by Australian aborigines and the riprap used by canaries and Tibetans are all hidden weapons. The short arrow used by China people in entertainment in the pre-Qin period is also a variant of throwing weapons. The "fishbone sword" used by Zhuan Xu to assassinate the king of Wu and the dagger used by Jing Ke to stab the king of Qin are all famous examples used by hidden weapons in ancient China. After the Qin Dynasty, the use of hidden weapons was expanded. During the Three Kingdoms period, the halberd was also a very powerful hidden weapon. Dong Zhuo once "pulled out his halberd and threw cloth". Fortunately, Lu Bu dodged quickly and was almost hit. This halberd is very short and has a diagonal branch on one side of the straight blade. The handle is wrapped with string and thrown with one hand. "Yan Feng's strong branches are really powerful." Sun Ce, a famous Soochow player, is good at attacking enemies with halberds. The extensive development of hidden weapons was after the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the war against the Song Dynasty, nomadic people such as the northern Jurchen and the Khitan chased each other, so it was inconvenient to use long soldiers. Therefore, many hidden weapons were invented for immediate use, such as flying grab, crossbow and plough gun. The arrival of Mongols gave full play to the role of hidden weapons, such as javelin, lasso, flying knife, dry kunquan and so on. In the Song Dynasty and the Western Expedition, these hidden weapons were widely used, and the effect was obvious. The long guns and machetes of Muslims and European knights are particularly weak in dealing with these flexible weapons, and most of them are concerned in their historical records. The Ming and Qing Dynasties was the peak of the development of Wushu in China, and it was also the beginning of hidden weapons's entry from military fighting to folk. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, hidden weapons became more popular, and scholars, farmers and businessmen showed off hidden weapons in succession. Hidden weapons in Qing Dynasty can be divided into four categories: throwing by hand, shooting by machine, tying rope and spraying medicine. Throw concealed weapons with bare hands, such as javelin, darts, flying arrows, flying knives and making Quan Kun circles. Javelin, also known as javelin throwing. It was used as a general weapon as early as ancient Greece and Rome. But that kind of javelin is very long and heavy, similar to the javelin in today's sports competition, and does not belong to the category of hidden weapons. One of the sources of javelin in China is the shuttle gun, also known as spear, which is mostly made of bamboo. The other is that Mongols use short javelin on horseback, which is more than one meter long, and several rods are inserted in the side pocket of the horse, which is more flexible than bow and arrow in melee. This kind of weapon became shorter and simpler in the Qing Dynasty. Generally, the weight of a knight-errant is only one and a half Jin, and the length is only one meter. The gun shaft is made of wood, the gun head is made of iron, and it is also made of pure iron, but it will not weigh more than three pounds. Ordinary people can carry four branches, and skilled people can hit the target in 50 steps, which is very powerful. In hand-throwing hidden weapons, darts have flourished for a long time. There are many kinds of darts, some selling darts and some rich darts. Hand-held darts can be divided into three-edged darts and seven-edged darts, which are hidden weapons commonly used by darters. Generally, it is 10 cm long and weighs four and a half kilograms to half kilograms. It can also be divided into clothes saving and light weight. Darts with clothes are tied to the inlaid tail with silk. When throwing, the silk clothes are like feathers behind the arrow, which plays a role in stabilizing the flight direction. Light darts without darts are more concealed, but the flight stability is poor, and more skills are needed to hit the target. Generally, darts are tied around the waist, ranging from ***9 to 10. One of them is a stunning bracelet bigger than other darts, which is used when the darts are about to run out and the enemy's situation is not diminished. In addition, besides selling darts, money darts are also very common, which are made by polishing the edges with big money. This kind of darts is easy to manufacture, can be carried in large quantities, can be used concealed, and can attack the enemy's eyes, throat and other parts, but it is difficult to master the flying posture and practice, and the attack distance is limited. In hand throwing hidden weapons, throwing arrows is more distinctive. There are three styles of this hidden weapons. The first one is made of pure iron, 28 cm long, triangular at the front, and gradually thickened at the back, weighing about seven and a half, which is suitable for beginners. The second kind is made of iron and bamboo, with iron-tipped bamboo poles and no feathers at the tail. Slightly as small as an arrow, it is about 30 cm long and weighs about two ounces. The third type is made of bamboo, which is thin at the front and thick at the back, with a sharp front end and is used by mature people.
Edit this paragraph with different cold weapons.