Famous western Han dynasty. Hedong Pingyang (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi) people. Wei Qing's nephew. He was good at riding and shooting Yuanshuo for six years (before 123), and Huo Qubing was appointed as a captain of Yao by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. With Wei Qing in the desert south of the Mongolian Plateau (south of today's Great Desert), they crusaded against Xiongnu, killing more than 2,000 people with 800 people, and won the title of champion. In the second year of Yuanshou (formerly 12 1), he served as a general in title of generals in ancient times. In the spring and summer, he led troops to attack the Xiongnu Department which occupied Hexi (now Hexi Corridor and Huangshui River Basin), killing and injuring more than 40,000 people. In the autumn of the same year, he was ordered to meet the evil king of Xiongnu who led his troops to Han. At the critical moment when some people were overthrown by the Han Dynasty, he led the army into the Xiongnu and killed the rebels, thus stabilizing the situation. The evil king of Xiongnu was able to lead more than 40,000 people to the Han Dynasty. From then on, the Han Dynasty took control of Hexi area and opened up the road to the western regions. In the summer of four years, Wei Qing rode across the desert (now the Great Desert of Mongolian Plateau) at a speed of 50,000 people each, and attacked the Huns. After defeating Zuo's army, Huo Qubing attacked and pursued at 56 points, reaching more than 2,000 li, killing and injuring more than 70,000 people. Later, he was promoted to Fu and shared the relieving power with Wei Qing. He used his troops flexibly, paid attention to strategy, was unconventional, brave and resolute, and won the trust of Emperor Wu. Yuan Shou lived for six years (1 17) and died of illness.
Heroes don't ask where they came from.
Huo Qubing was born into a legendary family. He is the crystallization of Huo Zhongru, a slave girl in Princess Pingyang's house and a petty official in Pingyang County. The beadle dare not admit to having an affair with the princess's handmaiden, and Huo Qubing can only be born as an illegitimate child. Father dare not admit illegitimate children, and mother is a slave. It seems that Huo Qubing will never have a bright future. However, a miracle finally came to him.
When Huo Qubing was just one year old, his aunt Wei Zifu entered the harem of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was soon married, ranking second only to the queen. Huo Qubing's uncles Wei Changjun and Wei Qing were promoted to Shi Zhong. From then on, the Wei family changed their fate-at this time, I'm afraid no one thought that it was not only Wei Qing and Huo Qubing that changed their fate, but also the changes in the offensive and defensive positions of China and Hungary over the years.
Liu Che, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was the emperor with the highest martial arts in the history of China. At that time, the border of the Han Dynasty was unstable and was constantly harassed by the Huns. As a nomadic people, Huns almost regarded the Han Dynasty, which made a living by farming, as their own warehouse, burning, killing and looting, and doing everything. Faced with such a situation, countries in the Great Wall have been unable to fundamentally change since the Qin Dynasty, with few victories. More often, they can only hope to exchange relatives and a large amount of "dowry" property for temporary relative peace.
The talented Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty hoped to change this situation, and he soon found someone with similar interests. He is Wei Zifu's younger brother Wei Qing.
In the fifth year of Yuanguang (BC 130), Wei Qing rode a general, and the other three generals each led an army to the stronghold. During this invasion, the Fourth Route Army was defeated by the Third Route Fort. What is particularly outrageous is that veteran Li Guang was captured by Huns and managed to escape. Instead, Wei Qing, the "slave rider" who led the troops out of the village for the first time, went out of the valley to take Liuzhou, killing 700 enemies and becoming a real "Dragon City Flying General Army". Wei Qing's military genius impressed Emperor Wu. Since then, he has made many expeditions and achieved fruitful results.
become
While Wei Qing has made great achievements, Huo Qubing has gradually grown up. Under the influence of his uncle, he was good at riding and shooting since he was a child. Although he is young, he disdains to stay in Chang 'an like other princes and grandchildren and enjoy the shade of his elders. He longed for the day when he killed the enemy and made meritorious deeds.
In the sixth year of yuanshuo (BC 123), it was the battle of monan. Huo Qubing, who was under eighteen, volunteered, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named him Captain Yao.
On the battlefield, Huo Qubing, with his brave blood and 800 cavalry, galloped hundreds of miles in the vast desert, looking for traces of the enemy. As a result, his original "long-distance raid" was successful in the first battle, killing more than 2,000 people. Two uncles of Hun Khan were killed and one was captured alive. And Huo Qubing and others got away with it. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately named him the "champion Hou" and praised his courage in the three armed forces.
Huo Qubing's first battle, with such dazzling results, announced to the world the birth of the most dazzling generation of famous Han families.
The god of war is invincible
In the spring of the second year of Yuanshou (BC 12 1), Huo Qubing was appointed as a general in title of generals in ancient times and led 10,000 soldiers to the Huns alone. This is the Hexi War.
19-year-old commander-in-chief Huo Qubing lived up to expectations and made a beautiful detour in the desert like lightning. On the 6th, he fought in the Five Xiongnu Departments, and made great strides all the way. He fought a life-and-death battle with Lv Hou and Zhebo Wang in Gaolan Mountain. In this battle, Huo Qubing suffered a crushing defeat, leaving only 3,000 of the 10,000 chosen men. Xiongnu suffered heavy losses-King Lu Hou and Zhelan Wang Shuangshuang died, Prince Xie Hun, Guo Xiang and a captain were captured, and 8,960 people were killed. The Xiongnu sacrificed to heaven and became the trophy of the Han army. After this battle of blood and fire, no one in the Han Dynasty questioned the young Huo Qubing's ability to unify the army. He became a model of a generation of soldiers in the Han army and the embodiment of martial spirit.
In the summer of the same year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to pursue the victory and launch a war to recover Hexi.
In this war, Huo Qubing became the commander-in-chief of the Han army, while Li Guang and others, veterans for many years, only served as his coordinator. What makes people laugh and cry is that the "old horse" who often runs in the desert, such as Gongsun Ao who cooperates with the battle, is not as good as Huo Qubing, the son of Chang 'an two years ago, who actually got lost in the desert and didn't play its due auxiliary role. Veteran Li Guang and his men were surrounded by Xiongnu Zuo Wang Xian. Huo Qubing went further alone and won again. In Qilian Mountain, Huo Qubing and his men killed more than 30,000 people and captured 5 Xiongnu princes, 59 Xiongnu princes and 63 General Guo Xiang.
After this war, the Huns had to retreat to the north of Yanqi Mountain, and the Han Dynasty recovered the Hexi Plain. The Huns, who used to do whatever they wanted in the Han Dynasty, finally sang a lamentation: "The death of Qilian Mountain made my six animals unhappy;" Losing my rouge mountain makes my woman colorless. "
Since then, the prestige of the Han army has greatly increased, and Huo Qubing, aged 19, has become the god of war that scares the Huns.
What really fascinated Huo Qubing was Surrender in Hexi, which happened in autumn.
After the two Hexi wars, the Huns Khan wanted to deal with the evil king of Xiongnu who had been defeated repeatedly. After the news leaked, the evil king of Xiongnu and the king of Xiutu wanted to go to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't know whether the Xiongnu surrender was true or not, so he sent Huo Qubing to the Yellow River to surrender. When Huo Qubing led the troops across the Yellow River, there was indeed a mutiny when the Huns surrendered. Faced with such a situation, Huo Qubing rushed into the Xiongnu camp with only a few Qin Bing, confronted the evil king of Xiongnu and ordered him to kill the mutinous soldiers. We will never guess what the evil king is thinking at this moment. At that moment, he had every chance to take Huo Qubing hostage or kill him for revenge. As long as he does, Khan will reward him instead of killing him. However, the evil king finally gave up, and the momentum of this young man who dared to take risks alone and was not afraid of life and death stopped him. Huo Qubing's imposing manner not only scared off the evil king of Huns, but also scared off more than 40,000 Huns, and finally failed to expand the mutiny.
The surrender in Hexi came to a successful conclusion, but today we can only imagine with admiration how this 9-year-old boy/kloc-0 stood in the enemy camp when the situation was confusing and dangerous, and subdued 40,000 soldiers and 8,000 soldiers outside the account with only one expression and one gesture.
On the map of the Han Dynasty, there were four more counties: Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang. Hexi Corridor was formally incorporated into the territory of Han Dynasty. This is the first time in the history of China to face the surrender of foreign invaders, which not only makes the Han people who have been harassed by Huns for a hundred years proud, but also gives them confidence as strong people.
Be defeated in Wolf Mountain.
In the fourth year of Yuanshou (1 19 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched an unprecedented "Mobei War" in order to completely eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu.
At this point, Huo Qubing undoubtedly became the trump card of the Han army. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had great confidence in Huo Qubing's ability. In the early planning of this war, Huo Qubing was originally arranged to play Khan. As a result, due to an intelligence error, the game became Wei Qing's. Huo Qubing failed to meet his most eager opponent, but met the left ministry.
But this war can be regarded as the pinnacle of Huo Qubing. In the process of searching for the main force of Xiongnu in Mobei, Huo Qubing led his troops to capture more than 2,000 Li, wiped out more than 70,000 people, lost 15,000 people, and captured 83 Xiongnu generals alive. About is eager to see the huns khan, "lonely for failure" Huo Qubing pursued all the way, came to today's Mongolian Kent mountain area. Speaking of which, Huo Qubing paused and led the army to hold a ceremony to worship heaven and earth-a ceremony to worship heaven and earth was held in Xushan where wolves lived, and a ceremony to worship the earth was held in Guyan Mountain. This is a ceremony and a determination.
After Huo Qubing sealed the wolf in a professional position, he continued to lead the army to pursue the Huns in depth, and only returned to the army after hitting the vast sea (now Lake Berga in Russia). Starting from Chang 'an, all the way to Belga Lake, in an almost completely unfamiliar environment, we won a great victory along the way. What a great achievement!
After this war, "Xiongnu is far away, and there is no Wang Ting in the desert south". Huo Qubing and his "sealing the wolf to hold Xu" have since become the highest pursuit and lifelong dream of China militarists. And this year Huo Qubing, only 22 years old.
Even if you are killed, you will leave a chivalrous fragrance.
After completing such an unparalleled feat, Huo Qubing also reached the peak of his life: General Fu. However, only two years later, in the sixth year of Yuanshou (BC 1 17), Huo Qubing, a general in title of generals in ancient times, who was only 24 years old, died.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very sad about Huo Qubing's death. He dispatched an army of armored soldiers and lined up along Chang 'an to the tomb of Huo Qubing in Maoling. He also ordered Huo Qubing's tomb to be built in the shape of Qilian Mountain to show his outstanding achievements in defeating Xiongnu.
Huo Qubing sealed the scene of Huan Hou.
Huo Qubing was born a slave and grew up on the front of renewal, but he never indulged in wealth and luxury. He values national security and achievements more than anything else. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once built a luxurious mansion for Huo Qubing. Huo Qubing refused to accept it and said, "How can the Huns be home until they are extinct?" These eight short words, because they came from Huo Qubing's mouth, are meaningful and shocking, and are engraved in the hearts of soldiers who have defended their country and defended their country in past dynasties.
Huo Qubing talks less and talks more, and never talks empty words. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once wanted to personally teach him Sun Wu's art of war. He replied: "War should be improvised, and times have changed. The ancient art of war is no longer appropriate. "
Huo Zhongru didn't want to be Huo Qubing's father when he was in the womb, so Wei's children never told him about their life. When he made a great contribution, he finally knew the cause and effect. As soon as he became a general of generals in ancient times, he came to Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi Province) and knelt down to his father Huo Zhongru, who abandoned him that year, saying, "I didn't know I was an adult's son before I went to the hospital, so I didn't do my duty." Huo Zhongru was too ashamed to answer, and replied, "The old minister has to entrust the general, which is also a natural force." Later, Huo Qubing bought a farmhouse for Huo Zhongru, who had never been a father for a day, and took his stepmother's son Huo Guang to Chang 'an for farming.
The young general Huo Qubing is not perfect. He once shot Li Gan, but he was also under strict control. However, no matter how powerful he is, he is still a military god. All the soldiers are eager to be his subordinates and follow him to kill the enemy. He led the army to crusade against the Huns four times in his life, and defeated Li with great victories, eliminating the enemy 1 1 10,000, and reducing the enemy by 40,000. His achievements are more spectacular than those of his uncle Wei Qing. For the whole world military history and the history of China, Huo Qubing is a legend that shines through the ages.
Huo Qubing's tomb still stands beside the Mausoleum, and the stone statue of "Horse Treading Xiongnu" in front of the tomb symbolizes his immortal contribution to the country. Thousands of years later, the world still remembers the peerless elegance of the young general Huo Qubing, fascinated by his spirit and wisdom, and excited by his ambition to protect the country.
Historical evaluation
Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty commented on Huangfugui, a general of Liao Dynasty, in Custom Yi Tong. Super-calculation ",said:" Emperor Xiaowu is the first government of Huo Qubing, a general with the rank of ancient general, and ordered him to look at it, saying: "Why are the Huns at home if they are not extinct?" "At the end of the disease consorts, Beowulf, fair resistance section hongyi; And if you are a pure Confucian family, why do you want to be alone? "At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, full-time consorts and eunuchs, such incorruptible people as Yingshao, were quite disdainful of consorts, so that there was a saying that consorts died, and wanderers praised Huo Qubing. Huang was a famous minister at that time and had a wonderful performance in the disaster of party struggle. Yingshao still thinks that his behavior is inferior to that of Huo Qubing.
(Song) He Qufei's "Huo Qubing Theory" in Doctor He Bei Lun
What heaven can do is not strong enough, but also material; It is not easy to learn what sex suffers, but it is clear and wise. With the invincible material in the world, you can learn wisdom, and all the material wisdom is greater than others, so Heaven takes it privately. There is nothing in the world that soldiers can't do, and there is nothing in the world that war can't do. With its god, the gentleman of literature, loyalty and virtue can not be ignored; Villains who bully the weak and fear the hard often go it alone by virtue of their intelligence. From the point of view, anyone who is brilliant in material wisdom and complacent in the beauty of using troops is endowed by heaven.
Hanwu used to have something to do with Xiongnu, and his family was handed over to Sai. And Wei Qing, starting from * Lee, to Pride, and then to Wanli, is invincible, and enjoys a great reputation all over the world, though its ancient name is unparalleled. Is the ability of two people out of plain learning? It is also given by heaven. Therefore, Hanwu wanted to teach Sun and Wu Zhishu to get sick, but he said, "Gu General is like an ear and doesn't learn the ancient art of war." Believe it, soldiers can't be passed down by law. People used to be speechless, but they got sick. This is enough to know that it is a soldier.
A husband should not compete with soldiers, and he should not learn. It is not impossible to build an army without laws, but laws cannot be applied to soldiers. Therefore, we must learn the law, and we must learn it. However, the benefits of the law are passed on and bumpy. Because it is inexhaustible, the old man can't keep it. It's wonderful that Gaifa didn't get it. The law is conclusive, but the soldiers are not regular. Within a day, in a short time, the choice of clutch becomes infinite, and it is easy to move the heel, blink of an eye, and the shape of a soldier. Guarding a book is an endless enemy, and the number of winners and losers will be terrible. It is the soldiers who use the past as their weapons, not to defend the law, but to use it. Often the law can be born from the law, and the law can be learned from the husband. Seek from the past and apply it to the present; Take it from others and change it to yourself. People die because of it, but I am born because of it; People are defeated by it, and I am better than it. See it as clumsy and die as a worker; If you look at it foolishly, you will be wise. If you are lucky enough to change, you win without talking to people, and then people don't know why. It's not how deep you learn, but how to take care of yourself. Husband "returned to the division, not chasing", Cao Gong defeated Zhang Xiu, Huang Fusong succeeded, and broke the country. "Don't push the enemy", so the first zero point was delayed. Emperor Taizong did it and surrendered to Xue. "General", Sun Bin killed Pang Juan, Zhao She broke, and Jia Xu broke the rebellious Qiang. "Strong and avoid it", so Zhou Yafu did not attack Wu Jun's sharpness, but used light weapons to break the search and the city, and Schleswig defeated it. "Serenade, the potential is defeated", so Qing Bu replied to the Chu army, and Tsao Gong used it to refuse Yuan Shao and behead Yan Liang. "It is easy to be in danger in the face of the enemy." Riding and robbing killed Yanshi, so Qin Jun broke Zhao Kuo with riding and robbing. Xue Gongce and Qing Bu used three strategies, knowing that they would give up the upper and middle classes and use them. Jia Xu led the elite troops to pursue the retreating army, defeated Zhang Xiu, and won by defeat. Wu Song anticipated that Joe would always take him by surprise, so he attacked him by surprise. Li Guangbi temporarily out of the wild times, suddenly how to return, that is, two will be siming. All this is illegal, and books can be taught. However, it is smart to make good use of it. This fruit doesn't care about Zu Xu Qi's spare time, only keeps it. Zhao Kuo can read his father's book in detail, while Lin Xiangru says he can read it without knowing its change. Therefore, it is difficult for him to talk about soldiers. Although my father was extravagant and didn't think he could, he knew he would beat Zhao Jun, and the book was useless. The beauty lies in me, not only because books can't spread, but also because my heart can decide the day before the war.
Those who used to take soldiers as books were nothing like Sun Wu. Everything that martial arts can teach people is ready, and everything that can't be done is predicted. Although martial arts has nothing to gain, what human beings want is also self-seeking. Therefore, he said, "The victory of a strategist should not be promoted first." He also said, "extraordinary changes cannot overcome poverty." He said: "Everyone knows the shape of my win, but I don't know the shape of my win. So it will never be defeated, but it will be shaped in infinity. " Those who are good at learning martial arts seek for themselves because of these, which is the so-called strategy. Scholars who don't ask for depth are also concerned about this. Ha ha! Holding the last words of Sun Zhi and Wu Zhi, relying on Cheng Ren's empty words, I hope to conform to what he taught, not what he couldn't teach, because he was said well and he was also said wrong.
As for Zhao Yun and Yue Fei, they both quoted Huo Qubing's famous sentence to quit the luxurious mansion given by the emperor, which also shows the mutual recognition between famous soldiers, even more precious and convincing than Comrade Wang Lang's comments. In Tang and Song poetry, Huo Zhongwei, a general of Han's family, and his recommendation used old allusions.
"A new preface to the military discipline and effectiveness of Qijiang (Wang Shizhen)": "When I tried to blame Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, I went to Korea, fought Yunnan and Vietnam, and swept Ou, Fujian and South Vietnam, but I didn't get immediate results. The most difficult person is the Huns. The ancient generals and generals in title of generals in ancient times rode lightly in the desert and won a great victory. Is this a blessing that will not be lacking? And Taishi Gongchuan, since the halogen seal outdoor, slightly but not installed. It means that his article is the best in the world, and he is dissatisfied with odd numbers and doesn't want the samurai to know. And read that the emperor wants to be a grandson. The art of war teaches a title of generals in ancient times and refuses to accept it. He said,' if you don't learn the ancient art of war, what's your strategy?' A husband knows a title of generals in ancient times, but a general has a humble opinion. Therefore, he is skilled in art and lacks law, but he is not lucky enough to see what future generations will see. "
The Military History of the Western Han Dynasty (Author: Chen) is taken from General Military History of China.
Huo Qubing is not a general who is good at military theory. He is not even interested in military theory. According to the Biography of General Wei in Historical Records, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had intended to teach him the Art of War of Sun Tzu and the Art of War of Wuqi, but Huo Qubing said, "Care about the general's plan and don't learn the ancient art of war." Huo Qubing is not a general who loves soldiers like children and can share joys and sorrows with his subordinates. On the contrary, he is famous for his "ignorance" in history, that is, he doesn't care about the hunger and cold of his foot soldiers. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to war, he sent Taiguan dozens of carts of grain to the army, but when he came back, he "abandoned the meat and left, but there were hungry people". Sometimes the soldiers are short of food, and even can't lift their hands because of hunger, but Huo Qubing still "squats through the field" and plays football to keep fit. Obviously, Huo Qubing is not a perfect strategist. But he can be invincible, and his exploits far exceed those of battlefield veterans who are familiar with the art of war and have fought many battles. There are three main reasons for this:
First of all, Huo Qubing has extraordinary heroism. Sima Qian said that he was "brave to take responsibility", that is, he did not avoid difficulties and obstacles, bravely shouldered heavy burdens and was brave and fearless. According to its combat record, Huo Qubing has two characteristics, one is daring to take risks, and the other is brave and tenacious. The former means that he dares to go deep alone, and he often strikes first. For example, when he was the captain of Siyao, he actually led only 800 cavalry, left the big army, chased for hundreds of miles, and fought his nemesis (Huo Qubing) who killed 2028 people. It has been three times weaker than the soldiers he led, and the number of Xiongnu troops fighting it must be more than this. Another example is that in the autumn of the second year of Yuanshou, Huo Qubing sent troops to meet the Xiongnu who wanted to drop the Han Dynasty. The Xiongnu army "saw that the Han army wanted to surrender." "The situation is very chaotic, quite dun. Huo Qubing made a decisive decision, took the lead in "riding into" the Xiongnu army, "met the evil king of Xiongnu and beheaded eight dying people", and took control of the situation. It can be seen that the statement that Huo Qubing "often rode in front of the army with Zhuang" recorded in the biography of Han Huo Qubing is true. The latter means that Huo Qubing dares to fight hard and fierce battles. For example, in the second year of Yuan Shou's first expedition to Hexi, the cavalry led by Huo Qubing was only 10000, and one person went straight ahead. After hardships and dangers, he "fought for six days and crossed Yanqi Mountain for more than a thousand miles", killing thousands of enemies. On the way back to the division, the cavalry fought fiercely with the enemy at the foot of Gaolan Mountain. Although the victory or defeat is still in the DPRK, the Han army "reduced the normal university rate by seven" and lost more than half. You can imagine how difficult and fierce this battle is.
Secondly, Huo Qubing is by no means an ordinary man with courage, but a warrior who is brave and resourceful and can win thousands of miles. Although quoting Huo Qubing's sentence "I don't study ancient art of war" is not without bias, it can also be seen that his behavior is to be a general, that is, not to stick to the rules, to attach importance to the "general's strategy" before the war, that is, to plan and to improvise according to the actual battlefield. Huo Qubing is very good at using cavalry in mobile operations in deserts and grasslands. He can command cavalry to carry out short-range surprise attack, long-range large-scale frontal attack, sports war and encounter with cavalry, and shows good tactical accomplishment and superb command art in the battle.
Thirdly, the cavalry led by Huo Qubing, whether it is a "Qingqi" of 800 people or an army of 10,000 to 50,000 people, are all carefully selected soldiers. For example, in the battle of Mobei, "those who dare to fight hard are all a title of generals in ancient times." They are not only skilled in martial arts, but also brave in fighting, plus well-equipped, so Huo Qubing's troops are probably one of the elites of the Han army, and their fighting capacity is far stronger than that of "the host generals' military forces". In addition, under the command of Huo Qubing, some Huns who surrendered to the Han Dynasty gathered. They are familiar with the Xiongnu Road, which can not only guide the Han army to March in without losing its way, but also help the Han army to feed on the enemy, make it "completely desert" lightly, give play to its advantages of flexibility and speed, capture fighters and create fighters.
Huo Qubing was personally trained and appointed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He seems to like Huo Qubing better than all the ministers. Of course, there are many factors such as nepotism and personal feelings, but the most fundamental reason is that Huo Qubing has a strong spirit of serving the country and the momentum of making great efforts. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built a beautiful house for Huo Qubing and invited him to visit it. Huo Qubing said, "The Huns are not extinct. No home is an eternal saying. In a sense, it is precisely because of Huo Qubing's noble character of forgetting his home for his country that he can make repeated suggestions.
The root cause of Huo Qubing's victory
1. is the cultivation and utilization of national strength. From Gaozu to Jingdi, the long-term accumulation and enrichment of the national treasury in the Han Dynasty was one of the prerequisites for Liang Wudi to become a pro-war. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he changed the previous compromise policy of forbearance and peace, gave up "intimacy" and took tough offensive operations to completely eliminate the intrusion of Xiongnu. After more than a dozen battles with Xiongnu, the threat of Xiongnu was basically solved. In the Han Dynasty, the Hetao area occupied by Xiongnu was recovered, and the Great Wall was built on official land in the border area. The number of troops stationed reached 65,438+10,000. The frontier presents a scene of peace and prosperity.
2. It is the establishment and persistent implementation of the strategic thought of active attack. After the establishment of the Han dynasty, it has been facing the military threat of the tough Xiongnu. Although the policy of "affinity" was implemented from the early Han Dynasty, numerous property gifts could not satisfy the greed of Xiongnu nobles. During Emperor Wendi's reign, the Huns invaded twice, and the soldiers attacked Chang 'an. The capital was in danger, and Manchu was frightened. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he changed the previous compromise policy of forbearance and peace, abandoned "hiding relatives from each other" and took tough offensive operations to completely eliminate the intrusion of Xiongnu.
3. It is the correct application and play of tactical large-scale corps raid operations;
1) Construction and use of cavalry. The period of Emperor Wudi is an important stage in the history of China's military system, which is a major turning point from the combination of chariots and horses to cavalry as the main body of combat. Large-scale use of cavalry, rapid maneuvering and long-distance surprise attack are one of the main reasons why the Han army defeated the Xiongnu in the early stage. The development of cavalry in Han dynasty can be roughly divided into several stages, with Emperor Wudi as the boundary. Before that, cavalry and chariots were equally important, and later cavalry completely replaced chariots and became the main arms of the army in Han Dynasty.
2) It is the application of surprise attack tactics. Huo Qubing's operational strategy can be said to be an innovation of the tactical concept of the Han army. His battle can be described as circuitous and deep, interspersed and surrounded, and he completed circuitous and interspersed with the fastest speed, surrounded the Xiongnu and dealt a devastating blow to it from the weakest link. In the two battles in Hexi, his troops and horses gave up supplies, traveled light and fast, had dinner on the spot, and quickly launched the main decisive battle when the Huns were unstable. Completely annihilated in one fell swoop and cut off the right arm of Xiongnu. The so-called local provision means looting the Huns' rear and supplementing the military supplies. This strategy not only solved the problem of its own supply, but also hit the production capacity of Xiongnu to the greatest extent. The Huns' economy suffered so much that the Han Dynasty established its absolute superiority over the Huns in economy and military affairs.
Xiongnu was a nightmare in ancient China during the Qin and Han Dynasties. However, after the three wars of Monan, Hexi and Mobei, the suffering of Xiongnu finally basically disappeared from the history of China. This time, the Han Dynasty pushed northward to the edge of the desert, occupied the whole Hexi Corridor and parts of Qinghai and Xinjiang, and established the Western Regions Capital Protection House. For the first time, the living space of the Han people was expanded on a large scale, and almost all the marginal base areas of Xiongnu and Hunan were seized.
Later generations' admiration and love complex for General Huo Qubing is not only the nostalgia and sorrow for this young hero, but also the admiration and yearning for the martial spirit. Therefore, the battle fought by Huo Qubing is the most thrilling one in the history of the Han national war. His victory is not only the complete victory of several foreign wars, but also a monument of spiritual symbol. The whole Han nationality is proud of it and inspires generations of Han sons and daughters. His sentence "Why stay at home when the Huns are still alive!" Bold words make countless temperament men more excited. Because of this, Huo Qubing became the idol of ancient literati and generals, and people competed to praise, admire and love him, which lasted for thousands of years.