Go to the frontier to carry out tasks
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
1, sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. This is a five-character poem, which is selected from Notes of Wang Youcheng Collection. It was written by Wang Wei on his way to Liangzhou in 737 (the 25th year of Kaiyuan) to supervise the remonstrance.
2. Ambassador: Ambassador.
3. Cycling: Cycling alone. Describe riding lightly and simply.
4. Ask the frontier fortress: Visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
5. Belonging country: refers to the person who belongs to the Han court and retains the name of the country. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes called "vassal countries" frontier envoys.
6. Juyan: the place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, is on the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia today. There is Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Jina Banner. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence is written in the Tang Dynasty, "the frontier is vast, and the vassal States are all outside the extension."
7, sign Peng: Pengcao flies with the wind, here is the poet's self-metaphor.
8. Returning to the wild goose: Because the season is summer and the wild geese fly north, it is called "returning to the lake", which is also a poet's metaphor. 9. Desert: Great desert, which refers to the desert in the north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to future generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there is indeed a whirlwind of "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. "Tongdian" Volume XXI Yakumo: "And at dusk, peace and fire will not come." Hu Sansheng's Note: "Six Classics": When Tang Zhen waited for the wind, the rate was thirty miles away. On the first night of every day, a torch is lit, which is called the fire of safety. "
10, long river: Yellow River.
1 1, Xiaoguan: the name of Guguan, so the address is in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia.
12, to be ridden: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which is not true.
13, Duhu: official name. There were six counties in the northwest of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Each county sends a guardian and two deputies to take charge of all affairs within its jurisdiction.
14, Ran Yan: the name of Gu Shan, which is the Hang 'ai Mountain in Mongolia today. This represents the front line. Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty: Xian led the army to defeat Khan. "Later, I climbed Mount Yanran, climbed more than 3,000 miles, carved stones and made meritorious deeds, studied under Han Wade, and wrote an inscription for Ban Gu." I met a waiting rider on the road and learned that the coach was still at the front line after breaking the enemy.
Appreciation is as follows:
In 737 (the thirty-fifth year of Kaiyuan), Wang Wei was ordered to go to the Xihe Provincial Government to express his condolences to the soldiers. This poem was written by the poet on his way to Xihe. This is a travelogue, and the poet went to the frontier fortress during an mission to the imperial court. Poetry describes what I saw and felt during this mission. The first two sentences explain the purpose and place of this trip, why this poem was written, and the place where it was written shows the vastness of the frontier fortress. "I want to ask over there" is the purpose of the task. "Bicycle" means that there are few followers and the festival specifications are not high. Poetry reveals frustration in the chronicle, which is triggered by the word "bicycle". The last sentence said that I had been to this special area of Juyan, which became the basis of the scenery described in the poem. Three or four sentences contain multiple meanings. From the sentence of "returning to the wild goose", we can see that the time to go to the frontier fortress this time is spring. When the grass is ripe, the branches and leaves are dry, and the roots leave the earth and float with the wind, so it is called "signing the crown". This sentence is the poet's feeling of falling from the grass. When Cao Peng is mentioned in ancient poems, he mostly laments his own life experience. For example, Cao Zhi's miscellaneous poem (the second part) is called "Turning from the Root, Gone with the Wind", which is a famous example. "Going out to the Han Dynasty" in this poem just reflects the poet's itinerary. Moreover, these three words are very affectionate abroad, which deepens the feeling of occupation. When you leave your hometown, your feelings are always complicated, whether it is because of a difficult home, a difficult country to vote for, or a mission, as written in this poem. Regarding the poet's mission this time, he has been in a bad mood, which is different from Sima Xiangru's prestige and demeanor when he was favored by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty and sent to the Southwest. The poet's frustration was related to the political struggle in the imperial court. Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister who has always attached importance to poets, was demoted to Jingzhou secretariat in April this year. Poetry is written in contrasting expressions. "Zheng Peng" is a direct proportion, while "Gui Yan" is a contrast. In spring, it is a good place for Yanbei to return to its old nest to raise chicks. Facing the desert sandstorm, the poet drifted to the Great Wall like a loose grass, and the situation was very different. Five or six sentences describe the magnificent scene of the border desert, with a vast realm and vigorous weather. This couplet consists of two paintings. The first picture is a lonely smoke in the desert. Being in the desert, the poet is presented with such a scene: the yellow sand is boundless and endless. Look up at the sky, there is not a cloud in the sky. Without vegetation, there is no travel. Looking from a distance, I saw a wisp of solitary smoke rising at the end of the sky, and the poet's spirit did it one brace up, as if this desert had a little vitality. It is a lighthouse, which tells the poet that this trip is about to reach its destination. The beacon smoke is a typical frontier fortress scene, and "solitude and straightness" highlights the atmosphere of frontier fortress. Judging from the composition of the picture. Adding a column of white smoke between the blue sky and the yellow sand becomes the center of the whole picture, which is the finishing touch. Kunya: "ancient fireworks, with wolf smoke, gather straight, although the wind is not oblique." Zhao Diancheng, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "Only when you see the scenery with your own eyes can you know the beauty of the word' straight'." This is from words. The other is a sunset over a long river. This is a close-up shot. The poet stood on the hill overlooking the winding river. In the evening, the sunset lowered the river, and the river was sparkling. What a wonderful moment it is! The poet only quoted a word "circle", which accurately described the scenery characteristics of the sunset on the river. As a result of choosing such a perspective, the red sun suddenly enters and exits in the long river, adding to the magnificence of the river swallowing the sun and the moon, thus making the whole picture more magnificent. The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. The forty-first chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions said: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." . How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round. The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. The advantage of "this is" poetry is indescribable, but it is vivid when you want to leave; "It seems unreasonable, and it is reasonable to want to go." This passage also reveals the superb artistic realm of these two poems.