Baguazhang is a kind of boxing widely spread in China. It is one of the three famous internal boxing in Wudang, and it is also the embodiment of Taoist health, fitness and self-defense. It takes the eight-pile method as the palm work, integrates eight hands into one, and is based on one to eight steps of swing, buckle and forward footwork. It takes walking in circles as the basic movement route and palm technique as the core. In the process of turning around, the whole body is one step, and the steps are like running water. Posture requirements are: twist and turn to be coordinated and complete, walk like Youlong, and turn like an eagle. The main techniques are: stabbing, inserting, splitting, pulling, crossing, bumping, buckling, turning, supporting and so on.
As for the origin of Bagua Palm, according to research, Dong Haichuan (about 18 13 ~ 1882), a native of Wen 'an County, Hebei Province in the Qing Dynasty, was inspired by Taoist cultivation and combined with martial arts. Dong Haichuan used to be the Boxer Rebellion of Su Wangfu in Qing Dynasty, so Bagua Palm first spread in Beijing, spread all over the country in the past hundred years, and spread abroad (such as Southeast Asia).
Baguazhang is characterized by its agile body, which changes with walking and twists and turns when fighting with the other side. The boxing proverb says, "It looks like Youlong, looks like an ape, sits like a tiger and turns like an eagle's plate". Its basic skills are mainly piling and walking. The body shape requires that the head should be vertical, the waist should be straight, the hips should slide, the shoulders should be relaxed, the chest should be relaxed, and the hips should be raised. Footwork requires smooth ups and downs, clear swing, clear distinction between reality and reality, walking like mud, walking like a sedan chair, and rubbing your calves when walking (ankles are touching each other). When walking in circles, the inner foot is straight in, the outer foot is buckled, the knees are hugged, and the crotch cannot be opened. The posture pays attention to twisting, spinning, turning, turning and circling. There are two kinds of hands: dragon claw palm and ox tongue palm. The main techniques are pushing, hugging, taking, leading, moving, blocking, intercepting, buckling, grasping, taking, hooking, hitting, sealing, closing, flashing and scattering 16. It is required to be able to advance and retreat, to be able to change and live, to combine reality with reality, and to change endlessly. Each palm should be issued with the waist as the axis, and the whole body should be integrated, combining inside and outside, focusing on the hands, eyes and body outside, and cultivating the mind and spirit inside.
The movements of the Eight Diagrams Palm require lifting the top along the neck, relaxing the shoulders and elbows, relaxing the chest and abdomen, standing up and sliding the hips, shrinking the hips and knees, and grasping the ground with ten toes. The eight diagrams palm is characterized by "rolling drill for wrapping, strange and correct, twisting and walking, changing hands with you, walking like a dragon, turning like a monkey, changing like an eagle, and being as powerful as a tiger"; Take bending and braking straight, moving and disturbing static, braking and moving as the cultivation principle.
Eight diagrams palm is divided into three steps: fixed frame, live frame and variable frame. "Fixing the Frame" is a statue of Dong Haichuan, the founder of Basic Kung Fu. It requires one stroke and one style, to follow the rules, to achieve correct posture, firm piling and smooth walking. Earnestly achieve the "nine essentials", that is, collapse (collapse of the waist), buckle (including chest), lift (lifting from the tail and Gu Dao), top (top of the head, tip of the tongue and top of the hand), wrap (wrap the arm), loosen (loosen the shoulder and sink the air), hang (lower the elbow) and shrink (shrink). Don't lift your chest, lift your abdomen and exert your strength (called three serious illnesses). The "living shelf" mainly practices the coordination of movements, so that the basic essentials can be skillfully used in the transformation. "Changing the frame" requires internal and external integration, arbitrary change, random insertion, not limited by the order of knuckles, so as to be as light as a feather, as lightning, and as stable as a rock.
The basic content of the Bagua Palm is the Eight Mothers Palm, also known as the Old Eight Palm, that is, single palm exchange, double palm exchange, homeopathic palm, back palm, turn palm, grinding palm, three-piercing palm and turn palm. The content circulated in different places is not exactly the same, with lions, deer, snakes, harriers, dragons, bears, phoenixes and monkeys as representatives, and also with two hands. Each palm can be derived from many palm methods, which is commonly known as one palm gives birth to eight palms.
Baguazhang has the forms of single practice, double practice and Sanda. According to the Old Boxing Manual, there are still 18 arhats, 72 hidden feet and 72 amputated legs in the Baguazhang boxing system, but it is rarely known at present. All the instruments in the Bagua Palm system, including knives, guns, swords, halberds, etc. It still embodies the characteristics of changing with the walk, carrying machinery with you, changing with the step, and taking advantage of the situation. In addition, there are Yuan Yangshuo, Ji Zhaorui, hot wheels and so on. Bagua palm is beneficial to training people's flexibility, speed and endurance, especially the strength of lower limbs. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Bagua Palm was listed as a national Wushu performance and competition.
There are different opinions about when, where and who Baguazhang originated.
According to "Biography of Lan Yan" and "Jingbian Collection", "Ding Si, a native of Jining, Shandong Province, taught Feng Keshan Boxing and was good at it. Geng Wuchun (in the 15th year of Jiaqing, AD 18 10), Niu Jian Keshan Boxing has eight steps, and Liang said, "Your steps are like gossip. Keshan said: How does Zi know? Chen Liang said: I have studied Kangua. Keshan said, I'm going to change my mind. Liang Chen said, "I am separated from you, and I am separated from you and handed it over to the palace. Each of us can learn what we have learned. " Some people think that the boxing skills learned by Feng Keshan and Niu Chenliang in this article are the embryonic form of Bagua Palm. (Jiang Zhu Baguazhang People's Sports Publishing House, first edition, June 1963)
From the middle period of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty to the sixth year of Guangxu, it was the most prosperous period for the development of Baguazhang. In Beijing, there are quite a few people who study Bagua Palm. Among them, Dong Haichuan is an important figure in the spread and research of Bagua Palm.
During Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, Dong Haichuan taught "Bagua Chain Palm" in Beijing. Dong Haichuan was born in the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1797 10 13) and died in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882). Originally known as Jide, later changed to Haichuan, a native of Zhujiawu, Wen 'an County, Hebei Province. I grew up practicing martial arts and traveled around. Invest in famous teachers, visit Gaoyou, learn a variety of boxing methods, take its essence, and sort out a relatively complete set of boxing routines-Baguazhang. On suspicion of murder, Mr. Dong Lao fled to Suwangfu, Kyoto, and served as a eunuch page. Disappear, silent, unobtrusive. No one in the imperial court knew that Dong Gong was a martial artist. At that time, the general manager of Suwangfu Hospital recommended himself to perform martial arts in front of the martial arts school. Wang Su Da Yue. The guests and many people in the government were watching, and the crowd was packed. At this time, Wang Su asked Dong Gong to offer tea, but it was difficult for Dong Gong to go in because of the large audience. In desperation, he held the tray in one hand and the pot in the other, jumped over the wall, sent tea to Su Wang and offered tea to the guests. King Su was surprised and asked, "Are you also proficient in martial arts?" Answer: "I know a little." Su Wang ordered Dong Lao to execute it on the spot. The first teacher behaved very calmly, only to see him turn left and right, with quick footwork and unpredictable palm. The body turns left and right, sometimes high and sometimes low, rising ten feet high, and falling like a kite into the forest, flowing like water. The audience was dumbfounded and silent when they saw it. Just then, the master held his breath, jumped a few feet, spun down and landed silently. The prince was surprised and asked, "What is this skill called?" At that time, Master Dong thought that this palm was created by himself, but it was not named. In desperation, it was named "Bagua Palm". From then on, the Eight Diagrams Palm began to emerge. Later, he compiled and supplemented it according to the gossip theory, making it perfect day by day, which is another story. At that time, Su Wang also ordered Dong Gong to compete with the general manager to determine the level. In less than two rounds, Dong Gong knocked his opponent to the ground with one hand, and his opponent left shyly. Later, King Su appointed Dong Lao as the director of Su Sanatorium. Since then, the reputation of Dong's doyen has been greatly shaken, and the number of apprentices has been increasing. The most famous disciples are Yin Fu and Cheng. After Dong Lao's death, Yin Fu and Cheng carried forward the Eight Diagrams Palm, connecting the past with the future. Therefore, Cixi prevailed among the people in the late Qing Dynasty.
On the other hand, Bagua Palm was handed down by Taoist priests of Biyun and Jingyun in Emei Mountain in Sichuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and has been handed down for nine generations.
Then there is Li Zhenqing's theory of Eight Diagrams Palm (also called Eight Diagrams Palm of Yin and Yang). In his youth (around 1850), Li Zhenqing took Shu as his teacher and learned eight hands of Yin and Yang. At around 1870, he returned to his hometown to teach this boxing. Li Zhenqing was followed by Xiao Haibo, Ren Zhicheng and others. Ren Zhicheng wrote this boxing in 1937, and it was handed down from generation to generation with the book Eight Dishes of Yin and Yang.
[Edit this paragraph] Functional requirements
There are many functions of Bagua Palm, mainly focusing on:
▲ (1) Eight essentials:
1. Three shapes and three potentials: Three shapes mean "walking like a dragon, moving like a monkey, changing like an eagle". The three potentials are "walking like mud, twisting arms like ropes, and turning like grinding".
2. Three-in-one: three-in-one, that is, "palm empty, foot empty, chest empty". The trinity is: "meaning and qi, qi and force, force and intention."
3. three circles and three tops: three circles means "the back should be round, the arms should be round, and the tiger's mouth should be round." The three tops are "the top of the tongue is the upper jaw, the top of the head is the sky, and the top of the palm is the front".
4. Three wraps and three sensitivities: three wraps means "gas should be wrapped, shoulders should be wrapped, elbows should be wrapped". The three senses are "the heart should be sensitive, the eyes should be sensitive, and the palms should be sensitive".
▲ (2) Nine Theories
The "Nine Theories" are: body, shoulders, arms, fingers, elbows, thighs, feet, valleys and legs.
1. On the body: straight head, weak breath, waist as the axis, stride as the pioneer.
2. On the shoulder: the shoulder should be loose. If it is loose, it will open the shoulder point and penetrate the whole body.
3. On the arm: When the forearm is round, the inner strength stretches out, like a curve, straight, and curved like an arch.
4. On the finger: the index finger is hooked, the middle finger points upwards, the ring finger and the little finger are close together, and the big finger is slightly buckled.
5. On the elbow: the front hand is pushed out, the back hand is down, the front elbow is aligned with the heel, and the back elbow is aligned with the rear toe.
6. On stocks: the former stocks lead the gains, while the latter stocks sit hard.
7. On the foot: the inner foot is straight out, the outer foot is slightly buckled, the foot buckle is small, the foot is large, and the foot is like mud, flat and flat.
8. On Gu Dao: The so-called lifting the anus to fill the abdomen means lifting the qi on the femoral canal and connecting it to the ren meridian, which is called lifting the anus.
9. Leg: The thigh drives the cross, and the calf and the back knee drive the ankle.
Song and Japan: Ten points and nine arguments, the change of flowers is wonderful.
If you can understand the mystery, you can walk around the circle.
▲ (3) The techniques of Bagua Palm mainly pay attention to:
1. Palm method:
Palm types include upturned palm, prone palm, vertical palm, grasping palm, piercing palm, splitting palm, lifting palm, picking palm, collapsing palm, bumping palm and closing palm.
The palm method mainly includes: pushing and pulling, and chopping. Go through the flash and block and stick to it. Chop, smash, chop, grab and pick. If it collapses, the film will be cut over.
2. Footwork:
Steps: broken step, buckle step, servant step, half-horse step, etc.
Footsteps: take off and land, swing buckle, advance and retreat, break and flash, etc.
3. Leg method:
Legs are shaped like scissors and walk like mud. Leg method: swing buckle kick, collapse kick, chop. Bagua palm has the function of revealing legs and hiding legs, but the legs are palms together, mainly with dark legs.
4. Body posture:
The eight diagrams palm is shaped like Youlong, with its waist standing like an axis, and its posture pays attention to twisting and turning, which is round but not stagnant. The body moves with the step, the palm changes with you, the step turns with the palm, and it is coordinated up and down.
The whole body is motionless, wriggling like running water and turning up and down like a proud dragon.
Take the palm as the method, walk as the use, dissolve, kick and throw as one, and go with the flow endlessly. Avoid right deviation, follow the trend, be unpredictable, and get out of the shadows. Softness is a needle hidden in cotton and stuck to it; At this moment, the cold bomb collapsed and exploded as fast as lightning and thunder.
Gossip practitioners step into the hands from the line, based on internal strength, shape preservation, ventilation, knowledgeable, skilled and flexible. Taking the eight palms as the mother palm, different styles of practical palm methods and routines have evolved. There are many kinds of musical instruments in the Bagua Palm, especially the Bagua Knife.
Baguazhang is not only one of the three famous fists in China, but also widely circulated all over the country and loved by international friends.
Bagua Zhang, take the first step, take it and let it go, go and return it, and turn it into reality.
Walk like the wind, stand like a nail, buckle your swing and change your footwork. The waist is the shoulder, the qi is the flag, and the eyes are on the six hands and feet first.
Walk like a dragon, sit like a tiger and move like a river. Yin and Yang hands, flip up and down, sink your shoulders and elbows, and return to Dan.
Hold on to Liuhe, don't disperse, and the gas will naturally spread all over your body. Buckle the swing, carefully roll it up and switch back and forth at the waist.
Hit seven with your feet, hit three with your hands, and put your hands and feet together. Hips off the ground, hit shoulders, and squeeze the dark top knee hard.
High is not embarrassing, low is not stopping, and the wind is the first. Without pure work, it is useless to say a few words in your hand.