Orienteering is generally carried out in forests, suburbs and city parks, and can also be carried out on university campuses. Orienteering originated in Sweden, and was originally just a military sports activity.
The word "orientation" was first used in 1886, which means crossing unknown areas with the help of maps and compasses. The real orienteering competition was held in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway in 1895, which marked the birth of orienteering as a sports competition. Orienteering has a history of one hundred years.
Extended data:
The common forms of directional movement are as follows:
1, orienteering (commonly known as orienteering) (cross-country? Directional motion)
This is one of the most widely organized orienteering competitions. Because the success or failure of the competition depends on the individual's ability to read and use maps, field orientation and running, it is suitable for people of all ages and sexes to participate. According to foreign data, the youngest athlete is only eight years old and the oldest is 80 years old, which is really suitable for all ages.
In order to increase the interest of the competition, the evaluation methods of the competition results can also be different, such as: individual scores can be counted; Individual running, team performance or individual running, individual and team performance, etc. ? Orienteering is one of the events officially recognized by the International Orienteering Federation (IOF).
2, relay orientation (relay? Directional motion)
Relay orienteering is one of the team orienteering events, and its performance depends on the individual ability of each team member. In the relay race, the route of the race is divided into several sections (generally four in international competitions), and each athlete completes one section. The total score of each section is the total score of the team.
In order to facilitate the audience to appreciate the fierce competition between athletes, the relay orienteering venue must be equipped with a "central" station, and the handover of each segment (that is, "changing segments") of athletes is carried out in a tentacle way (without a baton). Therefore, the relay orientation is more ornamental and has been included in the official competition of FIBA.
3. 100 meter orientation (100? Rice? Yes? Directional motion)
100 meter orienteering is a new event in orienteering. The national orienteering championship has proved that 100 meter orienteering has the characteristics of strong appreciation, high technology content, easy participation and easy organization, which can train athletes' agility and running speed. Fitness is also full of fun, and you can learn to read and use pictures. Therefore, 100 meter orienteering is widely praised by orienteering.
4. Skiing orientation (skiing? Orientation)
Skiing orienteering can also be carried out in the form of individuals, teams or relay races. The difference between it and individual orienteering is that athletes need to use ski equipment (non-motorized). The race slide needs to be opened with a motorcycle sled. There are usually multiple slides on the same competition route for players to choose.
Skiing orienteering is also one of the official events of FIBA. Skiing orienteering is very popular in eastern European countries, and many world alpine, cross-country and speed skiers are also masters of skiing orienteering.
5, night orientation (night? Directional motion)
This is a difficult competition form of orienteering. Because it is held at night, the visibility is poor, which not only increases the difficulty of the game, but also increases the attraction and excitement to the audience and the players themselves. Night orienteering has been included in the official match day of FIBA. The first world night orienteering championship was held in Hungary on1October 27-28, 19864+65438.
6, score oriented (score? Directional motion)
Scoring orientation is usually done in a personal way. Many levels are preset in the competition area, and each level is given different scores according to the difficulty of the terrain, the distance and the relationship between points. Players must find some or all levels by themselves within the specified time, and the winner is the one with the highest score.
7. Line orientation (line? Directional motion)
The biggest difference between this competition and other competitions is that the route of the competition is clearly marked on the map. Athletes must follow these prescribed routes and mark the locations of checkpoints they meet on the map. The score is determined by the accuracy of drawing the checkpoint position and the length of time spent.
Azimuth 8 and 5 (O-Ringen? 5 days)
This is a particularly attractive activity unique to Sweden. The competition lasts for 5 days, and the competition route consists of several sections. Every time, personal achievements are recorded separately. What is the most important thing? Then calculate the total score. In dozens of kilometers or more than 100 kilometers of competition routes, in addition to numerous checkpoints, there are also many camps for athletes and spectators to rest or participate in colorful cultural and recreational activities.
In recent years, five-day orienteering competitions in Sweden have been organized very frequently, with more than 65,438+05,000 players from all over the world participating in each competition, far exceeding any previous competitions? The number of athletes in the Olympic Games!
9. Others? Variety? Yes? Directional motion)
In addition, some other orienteering forms are popular in the world, such as the official events of the International Orienteering Federation: mountain bike orienteering, wheelchair orienteering and so on. There are also such things as:
Campus orientation (school? Orienteering: A game designed for children in school playgrounds or classrooms and gymnasiums.
Thumb direction (pruning? Orienteering): Set up multiple permanent checkpoints in an area, without specifying the completion time, and find out how many souvenirs to give as encouragement (see Triem Orienteering for details).
World (or international) orienteering festival activities: hold various competitions and related exhibitions, lectures, conferences and other activities in relatively concentrated time periods.
In some countries, people often compete in families and try to use orienteering competitions without transportation, such as riding motorcycles, bicycles, canoes or horseback riding.
In order to popularize and develop orienteering around the world, 196 1 May, orienteering activists from more than a dozen countries established the International Orienteering Federation (International? Orientation? Federation, abbreviated as IOF),
Official competition events have been determined and a series of competition rules and technical specifications have been formulated. When the International Federation was founded, it had 10 member countries, and by the end of 2004, it had grown to 6 1 countries and regions.
Orienteering is also an important activity of the International Military Sports Council (International? Military? One of the official activities of Spot), held every time? The competition can attract military sports teams from more than ten countries to participate. According to1972-1983? According to scientific research statistics, according to the number of participating countries every year, orienteering has become one of the seven major events in the international military sports championship alongside basketball.
In a word, orienteering, as a sport, can make people develop physically and intellectually in an all-round way? Nowadays, as a new exercise, its fans have "surpassed football" in Northern Europe. ? In other countries, it is included in the "compulsory course" of the military or local colleges and universities.
Baidu encyclopedia-orienteering
People's Network —— A Common Form of Orienteering