In primitive society, there were many animals and few people, and the natural environment was very bad. In the process of fighting against nature, people have produced primary means of attack and defense, such as punching and kicking, scratching and slapping, jumping and tumbling, and later learned to make and use stones or wooden tools as weapons, resulting in some unarmed and instrumental fighting skills, which is the bud of martial arts.
From the existing archaeological discoveries, it can be seen that in the Paleolithic period, pointed stone tools, stone balls, stone hand axes and spears for processing bone horns have appeared. By the end of the Neolithic Age, a large number of stone axes, shovels, knives, harpoons, arrows and even bronze cymbals and axes appeared. These primitive production tools and weapons later became the forerunners of martial arts instruments.
From the existing archaeological discoveries, it can be seen that in the Paleolithic period, pointed stone tools, stone balls, stone hand axes and spears for processing bone horns have appeared. By the end of the Neolithic Age, a large number of stone axes, shovels, knives, harpoons, arrows and even bronze cymbals and axes appeared. These primitive production tools and weapons later became the forerunners of martial arts instruments.
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Development of Wushu
Shang and Zhou Dynasties
In Shang and Zhou Dynasties, chariot warfare was the main form of war, and the skills of shooting, defending and using spears, daggers and halberds required by chariot warfare became the main content of military training. At the same time, boxing and wrestling are also important contents of military training and samurai selection, and a certain competition system has been formed.
At that time, dance and martial arts were combined into one, which was called "martial arts dance". It is a preview of the experience used in actual combat, a sublimation of ancient Wushu from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, a symbol of fragmented and systematic evolution, and the embryonic form of Wushu routines.
the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the military war gradually changed from a car war to a riding war, which greatly changed weapons and martial arts.
The selection and training of foot soldiers are stricter, which promotes the development of military Wushu. At the same time, performances, competitions and entertainment are also very popular, especially fencing, and the functions of martial arts are diversified.
With the collapse of slavery, military martial arts gradually flowed into the people, and its attack and defense skills were based on personality. On the premise of individualization, Wushu skills are diversified. With the multi-functional development of Wushu and the increasingly perfect technology, Wushu theory has been formed from practice.
Qin and Han Dynasties
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the feudal society in China was on the rise. The development of politics, economy and culture has created conditions for the diversified development of Wushu. During this period, a lot of martial arts works were produced, such as Thirteen Schools of Military Skills, in which there were six martial arts works and thirty-eight martial arts works.
The embryonic form of martial arts schools began to appear. For example, Cao Pi talked about the existence of "Fa" in fencing in Preface to Dian Lun, which confirmed the formation of schools. Knife has basically replaced sword in military position, while sword has made great progress in non-military use; During this period, swordsmanship, sumo and corner kick also began to spread eastward to Japan.
Gold and the Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wushu gradually combined with health preservation in the process of blending with culture. However, due to the prevalence of metaphysics and the pursuit of immortality, its negative influence has hindered the development of Wushu to some extent.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, in the second year of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty, the martial arts system was implemented and martial arts talents were selected through examinations, which greatly promoted the development of martial arts. The establishment of Wushu system undoubtedly stimulated more people's enthusiasm for Wushu, which had a positive impact on the prevalence of Wushu in Ren Xia in the Tang Dynasty to a certain extent and greatly promoted the prosperity and development of Wushu.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, folk Wushu activities with folk associations as the main body flourished, such as "English Club", "Archery Club" and "Sumo Club". The formation of "she" has created favorable conditions for the teaching, exchange and development of folk Wushu.
In the Song Dynasty, the city was developed, and a large number of folk artists who took martial arts as their profession appeared in some entertainment places such as "Washe" and "Goulan". Their performances include both solo training and duet training, which greatly promotes the development of condom martial arts to performance.
Ming and Qing dynasties
The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a period of great development of Wushu. An important sign of its prosperity was that there were many schools, and different styles of boxing and equipment were greatly developed. Wushu was recognized and used as a military technology, fitness means and performance skills.
Since the Ming Dynasty, represented by Qi Jiguang, Cheng Zongyou and Mao, the basic theory of Wushu since the Song Dynasty has been systematically summarized in terms of technology, tactics, teaching and training. For example, Qi Jiguang's Ji Xiao and He's Authentic Works both sum up the gradual teaching and training law that boxing is the basis of learning instruments, and clearly put forward the fitness and physical strengthening function of Wushu.
In the Qing dynasty, Wushu was further combined with Taoist health preservation, inner alchemy and guidance, and gradually formed the internal strength of Wushu. On this basis, Tai Ji Chuan, Xingyiquan, Baguazhang and other new kinds of boxing which pay attention to internal training came into being and developed rapidly.
Since then, the military status of cold weapons has obviously faded. Because Wushu has the functions of fitness, self-defense and self-defense, it can adapt to the changes of the times and gradually become an organic part of modern sports in China. On this basis, we should further absorb the nutrients of traditional culture, enrich the forms of sports, sublimate the technical theory, and develop along the direction of sports without losing the connotation of attack and defense.
Republic of China period
During the Republic of China, the Chinese nation was poor and weak, and the voice of advocating national quintessence sports from all walks of life was high. China's traditional Wushu has been re-recognized by Chinese people, and some new societies have been established for the purpose of learning Wushu and carrying out Wushu activities. 19 10, the "Jason Wu Sports Association" established in Shanghai is the oldest and most influential folk Wushu group.
At the same time, influenced by western advanced physical education experience, Wushu has entered the physical education classes of schools at all levels. The research on Wushu has been gradually developed, and some works about Wushu have appeared one after another, such as Shaolin Wudang Examination and Wudang Examination by Tang Hao, a martial arts historian, all of whom have begun to understand and study Wushu from the perspective of modern science. Wushu has undergone great evolution and development in the Republic of China.
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