1, the factors causing asthma
1. Genetic factors:
This can be reflected in many patients. For example, most patients' relatives (related by blood, nearly three generations) can be traced back to the history of asthma (repeated coughing and wheezing) or other allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis).
2. Environmental factors:
Asthma patients are allergic, which may be accompanied by allergic rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis, or allergic to common airborne allergens (mites, pollen, pets, mold, etc.). ), certain foods (nuts, milk, peanuts, seafood, etc. ), drugs, etc.
3. Air humidity:
The change of air humidity also has an effect on the attack of asthma. Too high or too low humidity is not good for children, and the most suitable relative humidity is 60% ~ 70%. On the one hand, high humidity will affect the evaporation of water on the human surface. In order to promote the discharge of water, the human body can only compensate by accelerating the breathing frequency, which increases the resistance of the airway and is easy to induce asthma. On the other hand, too high humidity will promote the reproduction of bacteria, which is conducive to the breeding of dust mites. These pathogenic microorganisms can easily induce asthma after invading the airway. Viral or bacterial infections can make asthma attacks more difficult to control. On the contrary, when the humidity is too low, it can dry the respiratory mucosa, damage the airway epithelial cells, and hinder the cilia movement on the epithelial surface, which will affect the expectoration and rejection function of the airway and aggravate the condition.
4. Air pressure:
Air pressure also has a certain influence on the onset of asthma. At present, it is considered that low air pressure is not good for children with asthma. Low air pressure can make allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, animal fur, bacteria, dust, industrial irritants, etc., not easy to spread to high places, but easy to spread to low places and be inhaled into the respiratory tract. When the air pressure suddenly drops, the tiny blood vessels on the bronchial mucosa will expand, the tracheal secretions will increase, and the bronchial cavity will narrow, which will easily cause tracheal spasm and stimulate asthma.
Step 2 prevent asthma
(1) Early rational medication to eliminate airway allergic inflammation (anti-inflammatory) According to the anti-inflammatory ability, inhaled corticosteroids, cromoglycate sodium and ketotifen can prevent airway allergic inflammatory reaction in different degrees. Inhaled corticosteroids, in particular, are considered by scholars at home and abroad to have the strongest anti-inflammatory effect and the least side effects, and are listed as the first choice for the prevention and treatment of recurrent asthma. We have used 10 for more than 20 years abroad. In recent years, sodium cromoglycate has been recommended as the first choice to prevent asthma in children, but its anti-inflammatory effect is not as good as inhaled corticosteroids, and it takes effect slowly, even after 4-8 weeks of application. At present, cromoglycate quantitative aerosol (suspension type, produced by mdi Shanghai Xinyi and Beijing Ji 'ai Pharmaceutical Factory) has been introduced in China. Inhaled corticosteroids can be used in the treatment, and cromoglycate or ketotifen can be used to maintain the condition after it is stable.
(2) Avoid all kinds of allergens and stimulating factors, such as banning smoking, combining work with rest, preventing respiratory virus infection as soon as possible, taking appropriate physical exercise, and applying various immunomodulators to improve physical fitness. If allergic reactions to allergens are confirmed by allergen tests, people should try to avoid them.
(3) Prevention and treatment of coexisting allergic rhinitis is an outpost to induce asthma. Both diseases belong to respiratory allergic diseases, and many diseases coexist at the same time. Cloisonne propionate nasal spray or fluticasone nasal spray should be used as soon as possible for prevention and treatment.
3. Symptoms of asthma
(1) Cold and cough
The early symptoms of asthma are not obvious, and most people will think that it is a cold and cough, a slight cough and breathlessness. These can be called symptoms of asthma, but most people will think that it is not a disease, and it will pass after a while. In this way, the disease will continue to spread and eventually get out of control.
(2) Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath and white foam at onset are very obvious asthma. Pay special attention to your inner condition and keep a good attitude to face the disease. Asthma is not as terrible as we thought. As long as it is found and treated in time, diseases can be avoided.
(3) Dyspnea at night
Many asthma patients often wake up in the middle of the night and at dawn, and sometimes they need to take antiasthmatic drugs to fall asleep further. In the middle of the night, especially from 4: 00 to 5: 00 in the morning, the airflow obstruction is the most serious, which makes patients feel difficult to breathe and more sensitive to stimuli. In the most serious cases, it is effective to sit down, lean forward with your hands, hunch your shoulders, sweat all over, cyanosis of your lips and fingers, complete insomnia and abnormal pain. In addition to causing lack of sleep, it will also affect study or work.