Problem description:
What kind of drugs are stimulants? What is the harm to human body? Why can't track and field athletes take stimulants?
Analysis:
Introduction of stimulants
"Doping" is the Chinese translation of the English word "doping", which is named because the earliest drug taken in sports is an exciting drug. However, the banned drugs announced by the International Olympic Committee have gone far beyond the scope of * * *. For example, diuretics are not stimulants, and beta blockers are actually inhibitors, but the name of stimulants is still used internationally, so stimulants are actually a general term for banned drugs at present.
1995 There are six kinds of banned drugs published by IOC-MC, 1 14. Among them, amphetamine, caffeine, ephedrine and other * * * agents 4 1 species; 10 all kinds of narcotic analgesics, such as morphine, demerol, methasone; 27 kinds of synthetic steroids such as testosterone, methadone (Hercules) and Kanglilong; 13 diuretics, such as dihydrograms, furosemide and spironolactone; There are two screening agents, epitestosterone and long tube; There are four kinds of peptide hormones, such as growth hormone and erythropoietin. There are also 17 drugs subject to certain restrictions, such as sprinkling essence and lidocaine.
Experts who study stimulants say that these drugs involve prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, illegal drugs, non-medical drugs and nutritional supplements. It can be said that there is no medicine that athletes have not tried.
* * * agent can * * nervous system, improve muscle efficiency, reduce fatigue, make athletes' behavior and ability adjusted immediately, make athletes more aggressive, and thus improve sports performance. Diuretics are not exciting, but they can reduce resting weight by urinating a lot. Many competitive events are grouped according to the weight of athletes, such as weightlifting, wrestling, judo and boxing. To lose weight, athletes can take part in lighter events and are expected to win the championship. At the same time, athletes' massive urination can dilute the stimulant in urine and make the concentration drop below the prescribed limit, so diuretics are also prohibited.
Beta blockers are actually an inhibitor, which can slow down the heart rate and stabilize the mood. Therefore, it is often used in sports that do not require strenuous activities, such as shooting, archery, motorcycles and so on. Taking this medicine can help athletes calm down. Cannabis and cocaine are a kind of substance, which can play a "relaxing" or "relaxing" role for athletes to participate in sports competitions.
Because of this, many coaches and athletes are eager for stimulants and want to achieve excellent results. This actually measures our unfair competition, violates the Olympic spirit and the principle of fairness and justice, and is fraudulent.
At the same time, doping does serious harm to athletes' health. Medical research has pointed out that any drug has toxic and side effects. You can mend when you are sick, but taking medicine when you are not sick will inevitably bring harm to your body. What's more, athletes usually take these drugs in large quantities or for a long time, so the side effects are more obvious. Such as synthetic steroids, can make the body strong, muscular and enhance explosive power. However, long-term application will lead to hypertension and arteriosclerosis, and often induce coronary heart disease, such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. For men, it can lead to impotence, decreased testicular atrophy and * * * *; For women, it can lead to menstrual disorder, amenorrhea, irregular menstruation in men, infertility and so on.
1886, in the international cycling competition held in France, British athlete Linton died of taking too much trimethylbenzene. Danish cyclist Jason died after taking amphetamines during the 1960 Rome Olympic Games, which made the IOC unable to sit idly by. So in 1962, the International Olympic Committee passed a resolution against doping in Moscow. 1967, the Medical Committee of the International Olympic Committee was established. 1968 Eight banned drugs were announced for the first time in Mexico Olympic Games. 1992 during the Barcelona Olympic games, there were 104 kinds of banned drugs, and there was a gradual increase trend.
Because the use of doping violates the Olympic spirit and is extremely harmful to the health of athletes, the Olympic Committee is very cautious in the detection of doping, and the punishment for violators is also very severe.
During the period of 1977, Ilona Slapirenek of East Germany and Marku Tuok of Finland were disqualified from the gold medal in the European discus championship for taking cocaine. Along with three other athletes taking steroids, they were disqualified for one and a half years. 1988, the world record of 100 meter set by Canadian sprinter ben johnson at Seoul Olympic Games was declared invalid because he was found to have taken Kang Licheng. In the final of 1994 15 World Cup, Argentine soccer superstar diego maradona was expelled from the World Cup by FIFA for taking ephedrine. Bulgaria, a powerful weightlifting country, returned home early because many people in the weightlifting team took stimulants during the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games.
In the past, the specimen used for doping test was urine, because any stimulant was excreted through urine. This year, in order to resolutely put an end to doping, the International Olympic Committee adopted two methods: blood test and urine test to show fairness.
Doping test is a very arduous and responsible job, which requires very accurate performance and quantity. The test results should bear the responsibility of law enforcement, so it must be foolproof and stand the examination.